Cannon Beach, Oregon

Cannon Beach, Oregon
City

Facing South, with Haystack Rock on the right

Location in Oregon
Coordinates: 45°53′21″N 123°57′39″W / 45.88917°N 123.96083°W / 45.88917; -123.96083Coordinates: 45°53′21″N 123°57′39″W / 45.88917°N 123.96083°W / 45.88917; -123.96083
Country United States
State Oregon
County Clatsop
Incorporated 1956
Government
 • Mayor Sam Steidel
Area[1]
 • Total 1.54 sq mi (3.99 km2)
 • Land 1.54 sq mi (3.99 km2)
 • Water 0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation 30 ft (9.14 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 1,690
 • Estimate (2012[3]) 1,692
 • Density 1,097.4/sq mi (423.7/km2)
Time zone Pacific (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) Pacific (UTC-7)
ZIP code 97110
Area code(s) 503
FIPS code 41-10850[4]
GNIS feature ID 1136119[5]
Website www.ci.cannon-beach.or.us

Cannon Beach is a city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,690 at the 2010 census.

History

Cow elk near Haystack Rock, Cannon Beach

The first recorded journey by an American to what is now Cannon Beach was made by William Clark, one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in early 1805. The expedition was wintering at Fort Clatsop, roughly 20 miles (32 km) to the north near the mouth of the Columbia River. In December 1805, two members of the expedition returned to camp with blubber from a whale that had beached several miles south, near the mouth of Ecola Creek. Clark later explored the region himself.[6] From a spot near the western cliffs of the headland he saw "...the grandest and most pleasing prospects which my eyes ever surveyed, in front of a boundless Ocean..." That viewpoint, later dubbed "Clark's Point of View," can be accessed by a hiking trail from Indian Beach in Ecola State Park.

Clark and several of his companions, including Sacagawea, completed a three-day journey on January 10, 1806, to the site of the beached whale. They encountered a group of Native Americans from the Tillamook tribe who were boiling blubber for storage. Clark and his party met with them and successfully bartered for 300 pounds (140 kg) of blubber and some whale oil before returning to Fort Clatsop.[7] There is a wooden whale sculpture commemorating the encounter between Clark's group and the Tillamooks in a small park at the northern end of Hemlock Street.[8]

Clark applied the name "Ekoli" to what is now Ecola Creek.[9] Ehkoli is a Chinook word for "whale".[9] Early settlers later renamed the creek "Elk Creek", and a community with the same name formed nearby.[10]

In 1846, a cannon from the US Navy schooner Shark washed ashore just north of Arch Cape, a few miles south of the community. The schooner hit land while attempting to cross the Columbia Bar, also known as the "Graveyard of the Pacific." The cannon, rediscovered in 1898, eventually inspired a name change for the growing community. In 1922, Elk Creek was redubbed Cannon Beach (after the name of the beach that extends south of Ecola Creek for 8 miles (13 km), ending at Arch Cape) at the insistence of the Post Office Department because the name was frequently confused with Eola. Elk Creek itself was renamed Ecola Creek to honor William Clark's original name.[10]

The cannon is now housed in the city's museum and a replica of it can be seen alongside U.S. Route 101.[11] Two more cannons, also believed to have been from the Shark, were discovered on Arch Cape over the weekend of February 16, 2008.[12]

U.S. Highway 101 formerly ran through Cannon Beach. In 1964, a tsunami generated by the Good Friday earthquake came ashore along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The subsequent flooding inundated parts of Cannon Beach and washed away the highway bridge located on the north side of city. The city, now isolated from the highway, decided to attract visitors by holding a sand castle contest, an event that still continues annually every June.[13]

Geography

Looking northwest up the beach

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.54 square miles (3.99 km2), all of it land.[1]

Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cannon Beach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.[14]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1930125—
19401250.0%
19501250.0%
1960495296.0%
197077957.4%
19801,18752.4%
19901,2212.9%
20001,58830.1%
20101,6906.4%
Est. 20151,702[15]0.7%
source:[2][16]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 1,690 people, 759 households, and 415 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,097.4 inhabitants per square mile (423.7/km2). There were 1,812 housing units at an average density of 1,176.6 per square mile (454.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.4% White, 0.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9.1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.7% of the population.

There were 759 households of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.3% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.70.

The median age in the city was 46.4 years. 16.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 19.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 1,588 people, 710 households, and 418 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,066.8 people per square mile (411.5/km²). There were 1,641 housing units at an average density of 1,102.4 per square mile (425.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.57% White, 0.19% African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 3.27% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.52% of the population. 17.2% were of German, 12.6% English, 11.4% Irish and 5.7% American ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 710 households out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the city the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,271, and the median income for a family was $45,329. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,641 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,465. About 8.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Cannon Beach is an affluent tourist resort destination.[17] Because of its proximity to Portland, Oregon, it is particularly known as a weekend getaway spot for Portlanders.[18]

Chain stores such as Safeway and McDonald's have been discouraged from building in Cannon Beach in order to preserve the local economy and small-town feel.[18]

Arts and culture

Annual cultural events

The city hosts an annual sand castle-building contest in June.[19]

The city also hosts an annual Fourth of July parade. Parades in recent years have featured a military flyover and a "Lawn Chair Brigade".[20]

"Spring Unveiling" is an annual arts festival, held on the first Sunday in May, hosted by the city's galleries.[21]

There is an annual late-fall festival called the Stormy Weather Arts Festival, held in November, where artists from the Pacific Northwest showcase their artwork in the local galleries. Artwork is available for purchase in an auction held at the end of the event.[22]

Parks and recreation

Haystack Rock

Cannon Beach is recognized by its well-known landmark, Haystack Rock, located southwest of downtown Cannon Beach, near Tolovana Park. This igneous rock has an elevation of 235 feet (72 m) and is often accessible at low tide, especially in the summertime. There is a small cave system that penetrates the rock and can be seen from the coastline. The rock is also protected as a marine sanctuary, Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge and events are not allowed within 100 feet (30 m) of either side of the rock. Near Haystack Rock are the Needles, two tall rocks rising straight out of the water.

Four parks can be found within city limits: Haystack Hill State Park, Les Shirley Park, John Yeon State Natural Site (closed to visitors) and Tolovana Beach State Recreation Site.

Media and film

The Cannon Beach Gazette, a local newspaper that covers area politics, news, sports and community events, is published bi-weekly on every other Thursday of the month. The paper is owned and operated by Country Media Inc.[23]

Cannon Beach and Ecola State Park have appeared in several films including: The Goonies (1985), Twilight (2008), Hysterical, and Point Break.[24]

Filmography

Films
Year Title Notes
1985 The Goonies Featured in a car race/truck rally on a beach
1991 Point Break Featured in the last of the film
2008 Twilight Bella's friends go surfing and where Bella first finds out the truth about Edward Cullen

Transportation

The main road through Cannon Beach is Hemlock Street, which runs from the north end of the city to the south, through Tolovana Park. Both ends of the street connect to U.S. Highway 101.

A shuttle runs from the north of Cannon Beach to the south.[25] This shuttle runs a loop that connects Cannon Beach and Seaside every hour and costs $1 (as of February 2013).

The NorthWest POINT runs between Cannon Beach and Union Station in Portland; tickets can be booked through Amtrak.

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
  2. 1 2 3 "Cannon Beach, Oregon". American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  4. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ↑ http://www.oregonstateparks.org/images/pdf/ecola-clatsop-map.pdf
  7. ↑ "History & Culture: Stories: A Monstrous Fish". National Park Service. 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Cannon Beach".
  9. 1 2 Guardino, M. Constance, III; Rev. Marilyn A. Riedel. "Historic Oregon Coast Photo Album". Sovereigns of Themselves: A Liberating History of Oregon and Its Coast Volume III. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  10. 1 2 Wesselius, Allen "Doc" (Winter 2001). "A Lasting Legacy: The Lewis and Clark Place Names of the Pacific Northwest—Part IV". Columbia Magazine. Washington State History Museum. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  11. ↑ "Cannon Beach Cannon". Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Girl, father find two ancient cannons on the Oregon coast". Archived from the original on 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
  13. ↑ Higgins, Vickie. "Cannon Beach - The little town Oregon's North Coast has a front-row seat". Retrieved 2007-11-03.
  14. ↑ Climate Summary for Cannon Beach, Oregon
  15. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  16. ↑ Moffatt, Riley Moore (1996). Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-8108-3033-2.
  17. ↑ "About Cannon Beach, Oregon". Retrieved 2007-11-03.
  18. 1 2 "Cannon Beach: Portland Travel Guide". Retrieved 2007-11-03.
  19. ↑ "Sand Castle Day" (PDF). Cannon Beach Chamber & Information Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  20. ↑ "Cannon Beach photos and info from previous Fourth of July parades". Archived from the original on 2007-12-18. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  21. ↑ "Spring Unveiling". Archived from the original on 2013-05-24.
  22. ↑ "Stormy Weather Arts Festival". Cannon Beach Chamber. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Cannon Beach Gazette: About Us".
  24. ↑ "IMDB: Cannon Beach, Oregon".
  25. ↑ "Cannon Beach Shuttle Schedule". Retrieved 2007-11-03.
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