Baba Deep Singh

Akali Deep Singh

Akali Deep Singh
Born 1682
Pahuwind, Amritsar (Now Sri Tarn Taran Sahib)
Died 11 November 1757
Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar
Known for 1) First Head of Shaheedan Misl, 2) First Head of Damdami Taksal, 3) Freed the captives during the fourth raid of Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1757.

Akali Baba Deep Singh (1682–1757) is revered among Sikhs as one of the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism and as a highly religious person. He is remembered for his sacrifice and devotion to the teachings of the Sikh Gurus. Baba Deep Singh was the first head of Misl Shaheedan Tarna Dal - an order of the Khalsa military established by Nawab Kapur Singh, the then head of Sharomani Panth Akali Buddha Dal.

The Damdami Taksal[1] also state that he was the first head of their order. His name is also found as Deep Singh (without the "Baba" honorific) and Baba Deep Singh Ji.

Early life

Baba Deep Singh, was born in 1682 to father bhai Bhagta and mother Jeyoni.He lived in the village of Pahuwind in present-day Tarn Taran District Punjab[2] of the Majha region of Panjab.

He went to Anandpur Sahib on the day of Vaisakhi in 1699, where he was baptised into Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh. Baba Deep Singh took Khande di Pahul or Amrit Sanchar (ceremonial initiation into Khalsa). As a youth, he spent considerable time in close companionship of Guru Gobind Singh. He started learning weaponry, riding and other martial skills. From Bhai Mani Singh, he began learning, reading and writing Gurmukhi and the interpretation of the Gurus' words. After spending two years at Anandpur, he returned to his village in 1702. He was summoned by Guru Gobind Singh at Talwandi Sabo in 1705, where he helped Bhai Mani Singh in making copies of the Guru Granth Sahib.[3]

Warrior

Misldar

In 1709, Baba Deep Singh joined Banda Bahadur during the assaults on the towns of Sadhaura and Sirhind. In 1733, Nawab Kapur Singh appointed him a leader of an armed squad (jatha). On the Vaisakhi of 1748, at the meeting of the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar, the 65 jathas of the Dal Khalsa were reorganized into twelve Misls. Baba Deep Singh was entrusted with the leadership of the Shaheedan Misl.

The Demolition of the Harmandar Sahib

In April 1757, Ahmad Shah Durrani raided Northern India for the fourth time. While he was on his way back to Kabul from Delhi with young men and women as captives, the Sikhs made a plan to relieve him of the valuables and free the captives. The squad of Baba Deep Singh was deployed near Kurukshetra. His squad freed a large number of prisoners and raided Durrani's considerable treasury. On his arrival in Lahore, Durrani, embittered by his loss, ordered the demolition of the Harimandir Sahib (the "Golden Temple"). The shrine was blown up and the sacred pool filled with the entrails of slaughtered cows. Durrani assigned the Punjab region to his son, Prince Timur Shah, and left him a force of ten thousand men under General Jahan Khan.

Baba Deep Singh, 75 years old, felt that it was up to him to atone for the sin of having let the Afghans desecrate the shrine. He emerged from scholastic retirement and declared to a congregation at Damdama Sahib that he intended to rebuild the temple. Five hundred men came forward to go with him. Deep Singh offered prayers before starting for Amritsar: "May my head fall at the Darbar Sahib." As he went from hamlet to hamlet, many villagers joined him. By the time baba Deep Singh reached Tarn Taran Sahib, ten miles from Amritsar, over five thousand Sikhs armed with hatchets, swords, and spears accompanied him.

Martyrdom

Baba Deep Singh had vowed to avenge the desecration of the Golden Temple by the Afghan army. In 1757, he led an army to defend the Golden Temple. The Sikhs and the Afghans clashed in the Battle of Gohalwar (1757) on November 11, 1757,[4] and in the ensuing conflict Baba Deep Singh was decapitated.[5]

There are two accounts of Baba Deep Singh's death. According to one popular version, Baba Deep Singh continued to fight after having been completely decapitated, slaying his enemies with his head in one hand and his sword in the other.[5] In this version, only upon reaching the sacred city of Amritsar did he stop and finally die.[6] According to the second version, he was mortally wounded with a blow to the neck, but not completely decapitated. After receiving this blow, a Sikh reminded Baba Deep Singh, "You had resolved to reach the periphery of the pool." On hearing the talk of the Sikh, he held his head with his left hand and removing the enemies from his way with the strokes of his 15 kg[7] Khanda with his right hand, reached the periphery of Harmandir Sahib where he breathed his last. The Singhs celebrated the Bandhi-Sor Divas of 1757 A.D. in Harmandir Sahib".[8]

The Sikhs recovered their prestige by defeating the Afghan army and the latter were forced to flee.[9]

The spot where Baba Deep Singh's head fell is marked in the Golden Temple complex, and Sikhs from around the world pay their respects there. Baba Deep Singh's Khanda (double-edged sword), which he used in his final battle, is still preserved at Akal Takht, first of the five centers of temporal Sikh authority.

References

  1. ↑ Daily Excelsior.com
  2. ↑ Bhagata, Siṅgha (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 241. Deep Singh Shahid, a Sandhu Jat and resident of the village of Pohuwind of the pargana of Amritsar ...
  3. ↑ http://www.sikhismguide.org/babadeepsingh.aspx
  4. ↑ History of the Sikhs, Volume I" by Khushwant Singh.
  5. 1 2 Deol, Harnik (2000). Religion and Nationalism in India. London and New York: Routledge. The case of Punjab; 189. ISBN 9780415201087.
  6. ↑ Brosius, Christiane. Empowering Visions: The Politics of Representation in Hindu Nationalism. 2005, page 40.
  7. ↑ http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Baba_Deep_Singh
  8. ↑ "Shaheed Baba Deep Singh". Santokh Singh Jagdev - Bed Time Stories-7. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  9. ↑ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1970). Muslim Rule in India. New delhi: S.Chand. Rise and Growth of Sikh Power;240.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/15/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.