Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India

Constitution of India
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The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists the official languages of the Republic of India. At the time that the Constitution was enacted, inclusion in this list meant that the language was entitled to representation on the Official Languages Commission,^[1] and that the language would be one of the bases that would be drawn upon to enrich Hindi, the official language of the Union.^[2] The list has since, however, acquired further significance. The Government of India is now under an obligation to take measures for the development of these languages, such that "they grow rapidly in richness and become effective means of communicating modern knowledge."^[3] In addition, a candidate appearing in an examination conducted for public service is entitled to use any of these languages as the medium in which he or she answers the paper.^[4]

Per Articles 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution, the eighth schedule includes the recognition of the following 22 languages:^[5]

English as official language Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution. Sindhi language was added in 1967. Thereafter three more languages viz., Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in 1992. Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.^[6]

Demand for more languages for inclusion in the Eighth Schedule

At present, as per Ministry of Home Affairs,^[7] there are demands for inclusion of 38 more languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution. These are:

References

↑ Constitution of India, Article 344(1).
↑ Constitution of India, Article 351.
↑ Official Languages Resolution, 1968, para. 2. Archived March 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Official Languages Resolution, 1968, para. 4. Archived March 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ The Constitution of India by P. M. Bakshi
↑ http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf
↑ http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf

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