Felixstowe

For the port, see Port of Felixstowe. For other uses, see Felixstowe (disambiguation).
Felixstowe

Felixstowe Pier and seafront
Felixstowe
 Felixstowe shown within Suffolk
Population 23,689 (2011 Census)
OS grid referenceTM306345
Shire countySuffolk
RegionEast
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town Felixstowe
Postcode district IP11
Dialling code 01394
Police Suffolk
Fire Suffolk
Ambulance East of England
EU Parliament East of England
UK ParliamentSuffolk Coastal
List of places
UK
England
Suffolk

Coordinates: 51°57′50″N 1°21′05″E / 51.9639°N 1.3515°E / 51.9639; 1.3515

Felixstowe (/ˈfiːlᵻkstoʊ/) is an Edwardian seaside town and civil parish between the River Orwell and River Deben on the North Sea coast of Suffolk, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 23,689.[1] It includes the Port of Felixstowe, which is the largest container port in the United Kingdom.[2]

The nearby small town of Walton is often viewed as an extension of Felixstowe as the two towns are virtually side by side, though Walton was the original village. The quieter area nearer to the Deben River is often referred to as Old Felixstowe, although there is no formal classification of Old Felixstowe.[3]

History

The 'old' Felixstowe hamlet was centred on a pub and church, having stood on the site since long before the Norman conquest of England. The early history of Felixstowe, including its Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norman and medieval defences, is told under the name of Walton, because the name Felixstowe was given retrospectively, during the 13th century, to a place which had expanded to a form beyond the boundaries of Walton alone. In the Doomsday book, for instance, only Walton is shown, and not Felixstowe,[4] which at the time held little more than a few houses scattered over the cliff tops. Walton was a settlement on the River Orwell and in 1844 had a population of 907 compared to the relatively small Felixstowe Parish holding only 502 people.[5] Walton had always preceded Felixstowe as a settlement as seen by the presence of Walton Castle, built by the Romans in the 3rd century, but today Walton is generally considered part of Felixstowe due to modern expansion.

The Felixstowe area as a whole provided a linchpin in England's defence, as proved in 1667 when Dutch soldiers landed near the Fludyers area and tried (unsuccessfully) to capture Landguard Fort due to strategic location. The town only became related to a major port in 1886 when the port opened to trade, following the initial construction of the dock basin in 1882.[6]

On 11 August 1919, A Felixstowe Fury (aka flying boat), sideslipped and crashed into the sea 500 yards offshore soon after takeoff while on a test flight. It was preparing for an 8,000-mile flight to Cape Town, South Africa. The wireless operator, Lt. MacLeod, was killed, and the 6 passengers were rescued. The wreckage was towed ashore.[7]

At the turn of the century, tourism increased, and a pier was constructed in 1905 of which is partially functional to this day as an amusement arcade. Indeed, during the late Victorian period (after circa 1880) it became a fashionable resort, a trend initiated by the opening of Felixstowe railway station, the pier, (see above) and a visit by the German imperial family. It remained so until the late 1930s.

In 1953, at least 48 people died in the town in the North Sea flood.

Landguard Fort

Main article: Landguard Fort

Landguard Fort originally known as Langer Fort [8] is on the site of the last opposed invasion of England in 1667 and the first land battle of the Duke of York and of Albany's (later James II & VII) Marines. The current fort was built in the 18th century, and modified in the 19th century with substantial additional 19th/20th century outside batteries. The Fort hosts regular military re-enactments, including Darell's Day, which is a celebration of the last invasion, children's events and open-air theatre. Landguard Fort is in the care of English Heritage and is managed by the Landguard Fort Trust to make it accessible to the public.[9]

Felixstowe Museum

A museum telling the story of Felixstowe, with a reference library, historic maps, photo archive and 14 rooms of artefacts from Roman finds, the Martello towers, military social and domestic history through two world wars and into the new millennium is managed by volunteers from the Felixstowe History and Museum Society. It is located in the old submarine mining establishment building at the Landguard Peninsula, between the Fort and Port.[10]

Pier

The old railway station

During the Second World War the majority of the pier, at the time one of the longest in the country and complete with its own train, was purposely demolished by Royal Engineers to prevent it being used as an easy landing point for enemy troops. Unfortunately after the war the damage was never repaired and the pier never regained its original length. Felixstowe was also one of the few places bombed by the Italians during the Blitz. Benito Mussolini's airforce proved to be no match for the Royal Air Force, who shot down a fair number of Italian biplanes over the English Channel and around Felixstowe itself. Felixstowe was bombed by a Zeppelin during the First World War. The Pier was opened in 1906, and was then re-built later on.

Parks

Langer Park

The most southern park in Felixstowe is Langer Park, which lies between the railway line running north from the Port of Felixstowe and the houses running along the western side of Langer Road. Its north and south parameters are given by the Lidl superstore and Beach Station Road accordingly, giving the park a long rectangular-like shape. The park holds host to a narrow stream of which is the last remnant of the late Walton Creek, which had originally run from the Ordinance Hotel (demolished as of late 2014[11] to make way for a Premier Inn) to the Felixstowe Dock Basin.[12] The park itself is mainly covered by open green space in which to partake field sports, and is also accompanied by a what once was a small play area. The current play equipment of 2015 is only present by the 'Parks for People' scheme by the Big Lottery Fund and Heritage Lottery Fund, and is much more modernized than the pre-existing swings.

The Coronation Recreation (Sports) Ground

This park is situated alongside Coronation Drive and Mill Lane, with a sectioned off children's play area and open green space for specifically sports use. Access can be gained via a side alley at the Eastern side of Coronation Drive, through the Rugby Union entrance on Mill Lane, or by a small foot path coming off King Fleet Road. The opening of the sports ground opened on 1 May 1956 under H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh.

The grounds are home to the Felixstowe Rugby Union Football Club which as of March 2015 had a Pitchero Club Ranking of 1205th.[13] It also provides facilities for junior football and cricket, which is home to the Felixstowe Corinthians Cricket Club. These facilities are accompanied by a small car park housing 20 spaces[14] and changing rooms.

Lucus Park

The largest and most Northern of the Felixstowe Parks, its name was given to it by residents in accordance with its geographical positioning to the local wood and linkage to the beautiful landscape Northward. The name translates from the Latin term 'Lucus' to mean 'grove' or 'woodland', appropriate given the small wood lining its Eastern side is referred to as simply 'The Grove'.[15]

The area, though not the park itself, was suggested in November 2014 to be part of the construction site for 570 new homes as set out by the District Council's Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. This proposal was formed due to the lack of available housing in Felixstowe, though Suffolk Coastal conclusively identified the land as not suitable[16] and claimed in 2015 that there were already enough alternative sites within the town for residential expansion.

Felixstowe Skatepark

Original ideas for a Skate Park were clearly addressed in 2004 by the Felixstowe Skate Association,[17] who organized a number of meetings and poster campaigns to start the initial project. They also brought out newsletters to help build public opinion of the idea, which attracted attention from other groups. Level Two (a local youth organization) eventually took up management of the fundraising process and in 2007 managed to secure a grant of £25,000[18] from the government's youth opportunity fund. Additionally by this date, the Felixstowe Town Council had already set aside £30,000 for the project, as well as £15,000 agreed upon by the Suffolk Coastal cabinet and £40,000 from the playspace fund. When completed the project took a total of £180,000,[19] and was opened at a community event on 1 September 2009.[20]

The original designs by the FSA included provisions for CCTV and Floodlights to ensure youth safety, and further into the design process some metal wire cages of rocks added to help soundproof the area. These safety precautions were expanded upon in 2011 to include a nightly visit from police after there were accounts of vandalism to the facilities, including the ripping out of a CCTV camera and a smashed floodlight.[21]

Allenby Park

Named after the late Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby (see notable persons section), the park was formed in 1923 when the Allenby owned Felixstowe House was demolished at the passing of Catherine Allenby.[22] It also used to be the site of the Eastern Counties Bible Convention from 1920-1939[23] until it was held inside churches. It consists of a small all-weather football playing field, a sectioned off children's play area, and winded path around the layout of the park. Park access can be gained from St Andrews Road.

Others

Seaton Park

The Clifftops

Morrisons Park

Langley Avenue Sports Field (private)

Railway stations

The sole remaining railway station, called Felixstowe Town, was opened in 1898. in the well-preserved building which now houses a supermarket and shops. Felixstowe Radio, the local community radio station who were formerly in the building have now moved to the old Coes building at the top of Bent Hill.

In its prime the railway station saw more than 20 services a day and is now served by an hourly service to Ipswich. The station now has only one platform, which has been created from the far end of one of the original platforms. Felixstowe Beach railway station was demolished in 2004 despite a storm of protest from many local people keen on saving the 137‑year‑old historical building which the council had branded as 'unsafe'. The station was originally opened in 1877 and was used continuously until 1959, after which it was the site of a small printers for many years until its demolition.[24]

From 1877 until 1951 there was also Felixstowe Pier railway station sited inside the area of the modern day docks at a small pier popular with pleasure boats, and paddle steamer link to London.[25] A dock next to the pier was approved in 1879.[26]

Transport

Micklegate Road

Bus

The main bus operators are Ipswich Buses and First Norfolk & Suffolk.[27]

Train

Felixstowe railway station is the terminus of the Felixstowe Branch Line passenger service to Ipswich the line itself branches before the station going on to the Port of Felixstowe.

Ferries

The Harwich Harbour Ferry operates between the View Point (near Landguard Fort) in Felixstowe and Ha'penny Pier, Harwich throughout the summer.[28] The Bawdsey Ferry crosses the River Deben from Felixstowe Ferry.[29]

Coach

The National Express coach service 481 provides a connection to London with immediate stops at other major towns such as Ipswich, Colchester, Witham, Chelmsford, and Brentwood. A weekday service departs daily at 07:20 and returns at 18:00, while the weekend service departs at 07:55 and returns at 18:00.[30]

Politics

Town hall and tourist information

Felixstowe is administered by Suffolk County Council, Suffolk Coastal District Council, and Felixstowe Town Council. Suffolk Coastal District Council, the local authority, is based in Woodbridge, although it has a part-time office in Felixstowe, which is open Mondays and Wednesdays. The local parish council, Felixstowe Town Council, is based in the town hall, on the seafront at Undercliff Road West.

Felixstowe is twinned with the German towns Wesel and Salzwedel.

Felixstowe lies within the Suffolk Coastal parliamentary constituency. The Member of Parliament for Suffolk Coastal since the General Election on 6 May 2010 has been the Conservative Dr Therese Coffey.

Landmarks

A view of Landguard Fort

Landguard Fort is a scheduled ancient monument and visitor attraction with a nearby nature reserve. At the opposite end of the town is Felixstowe Ferry Golf Club, which is amongst the oldest in the UK, having been established in 1881. The Rt. Hon. Arthur Balfour, Captain of the Golf Club in 1889, became Captain of the R&A in 1894 and British Prime Minister from 1902 to 1908.

Felixstowe has a recently refurbished sandy beach south from the pier, and a stoney beach north of the pier. A Victorian promenade runs along part of the beach, from the nature reserve in the southwest to Cobbolds Point (Maybush Lane in east), with traditional beach huts along most of that length. An amusement arcade with snooker halls and food outlets occupies the southern end. The pier, incorporating a cafe and amusement arcade, stands before a leisure centre, with swimming pool, owned by the local council, now managed by a contractor.

Cobbolds Point takes its name from the Cobbold brewery family who built Cranmer House on Maybush Lane in 1885. It is a Grade II mock Elizabethan mansion, by Thomas Cotman. Its listing describes it as "a fine house of the period reflecting the wealth of this important Suffolk family of brewers." [31]

Art Deco building in Undercliff Road West. Currently vacant.

The architect Thomas W Cotman (1847-1925) designed many of the most famous buildings in Felixstowe including the Railway Station, Harvest House (Felix Hotel), the Orwell and Bath Hotels, Barclays and Lloyds Banks plus many others. He also designed and lived in the original bungalow that forms the lower two floors of Cotman Lodge care home. He was the nephew of John Sell Cotman, the famous Norwich water-colour artist.[32]

The Art Deco style of architecture has been used for some buildings. The Cavendish Hotel in Sea Road, demolished in 1988, was in this style. There is another example in Undercliff Road West, which has been home to the Felixstowe Tourist Information Centre. This building was put up for sale in mid-2014, causing concern for its future.[33][34]

From Brackenberry Fort to Felixstowe Ferry there is a walkway and is the start of the 50-mile Suffolk Coast Path. At low tide from Jacob's Ladder, it is possible to glimpse the seaweed-covered remains of a Roman fort, which could possibly be the place of Dommoc, in the water about 50 yards from the coast.

Perhaps the most striking building on the front is Harvest House. Originally built as the Felix Hotel, it then became Fisons's headquarters. It has now been converted to apartments for residents of retirement age, many with fabulous views over Felixstowe.

Sport

Felixstowe Rugby Union Football Club was founded in 1930 and plays in the Eastern Counties Leagues.

Felixstowe Hockey Club has four men's teams and three ladies' team. The men's 1st team play in Eastern Premier League. The club was voted England Hockey's 'club of the season' in 2014 [35]

The town's only senior football team, Felixstowe & Walton United, compete in the Eastern Counties League Premier Division.[36]

The town has a sports centre, the Brackenbury in High Road East, and football, hockey and rugby pitches, together with four bowling greens and other sporting facilities. The sports centre, owned by the council, is managed by a contractor.

Felixstowe Golf Club is a links course to the northeast of the town centre.

Eastward Ho! Golf Club, Felixstowe (now defunct) first appeared prior to WW1. The club closed at the time of WW2.[37]

Felixstowe Ferry Sailing Club is located beyond the golf course at the Bawdsey Ferry end of the town. It regularly plays host to national and international championships for various dinghy classes, and has its own clubhouse with bar and dining facilities which were refurbished following the tidal surge of December 2013. The clubhouse is available for hire and has spectacular views of the sea and the river Deben. The club website is at www.ffsc.co.uk

Tourism

Felixstowe has many tourist attractions that draw visitors to the town. It has traditional seaside offerings such as Felixstowe Pier and The Seafront Gardens. There is also the Forum Amusement Centre, Ocean Boulevard and Manning's Amusements. Visitors can also see Landguard Fort, Landguard Nature Reserve, Felixstowe Ferry and find out more about the town at the Felixstowe Museum.

To cater for visitors there are a number of hotels and guesthouses, self-catering properities and camping/caravanning sites available.

Leisure facilities

The town has two main leisure facilities: the Brackenbury Sports Centre in Old Felixstowe and the Felixstowe Leisure Centre adjacent to the pier. There is a bowls club and a tennis club has hosted a large post-Wimbledon tournament. There is also a community centre, run by the Old Felixstowe Community Association (OFCA) in Ferry Road which is the home to around thirty user groups from the surrounding area including sports sections and clubs for the very young to adults and senior citizens. The centre also houses several halls which are available for hire to the public.

The library was refurbished in 2006 at a cost of £1,500,000 and has since won national awards.[38]

Felixstowe Radio is the community radio station that has broadcasts on 107.5 FM to the local area and via the internet.

Port of Felixstowe

Main article: Port of Felixstowe
The Port of Felixstowe

Felixstowe is Britain's largest container port.

The main navigation channel is dredged to 47 1⁄2 feet (14.5 m) below chart datum, and a depth of up to 49 feet (15 m) alongside the quay. Felixstowe boasts deep-water able to accommodate the World’s latest generation of deep-draughted ultra post-Panamax vessels. There is a continuous quay of 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km), equipped with 25 ship-to-shore gantry cranes.

It has road links to the Midlands via the A14 and to London via the A12 road. The single-track railway line to Ipswich has recently been upgraded to allow larger containers, and many containers are now transported by rail.

The port is owned by Hutchison Port Holdings Ltd[39] with additional land on the peninsula owned by Trinity College, Cambridge.[40]

The port has its own Police Authority, which also currently has jurisdiction over the area local to the port (with permission from Suffolk Constabulary's Chief Constable). Alongside the Port Police, they also have their own joint ambulance and fire service. One of the port ambulances, call sign 'Alpha 1', can also come off port to attend 999 emergencies in Felixstowe.

Churches

St Andrew's Church of England parish church, built of reinforced concrete and completed in 1931

Felixstowe's Church of England parish churches include Christ Church,[41] St Andrew,[42] St Edmund,[43] St John the Baptist,[44] St Mary the Virgin,[45] SS Peter and Paul with SS Andrew and Nicholas[46] and St Philip.[47] Felixstowe has Baptist,[48][49] Free,[50] Methodist,[51] Roman Catholic,[52] Russian Orthodox[53] and United Reformed churches.[54]

Notable residents

People originating from or associated with Felixstowe include:

Offshore radio

One of the first pirate radio stations operated from a ship anchored off Felixstowe.

Radio Caroline ship MV Caroline was outside the three-mile limit at Easter 1964. It was the very first UK radio station aboard a ship in the North Sea, and intended to break the monopoly of the BBC. Radio Caroline had about seven million listeners in its first week on air. The station's slogan was Your all-day music station, and it initially broadcast from 6am-6pm, seven days a week. The transmitter had a power of 10 kW on 199 metres – 1.520 kHz. The ship moved to waters off the Isle Of Man in summer 1965 to become Radio Caroline North, while MV Mi-Amigo of Radio Atlanta on 201 metres became Radio Caroline South, broadcasting on first 199 later on 259 metres – 1.178 kHz with 50 kW of power on medium wave. Later the ship moved to waters off Clacton-On-Sea, Essex.

Later Felixstowe Museum installed an offshore radio display.

Literature

Felixstowe was identified by Author M.R. James as the location upon which the fictitious town of Burnstow was based. Burnstow appeared in both of James' short ghost stories Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad and The Tractate Middoth originally published in Ghost Stories of an Antiquary

References

  1. ↑ "Area: Felixstowe (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  2. ↑ The Ports Industry in England and Wales (2006-07)
  3. ↑ Dyckhoff, Tom. "Let's move to Old Felixstowe, Suffolk". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  4. ↑ "Town History". Felixstowe Town Council. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  5. ↑ White, William (1844). History, gazetteer, and directory of Suffolk, and the towns near its borders. Sheffield.
  6. ↑ "A Track Record of Always Leading the Way". Port of Felixstowe. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  7. ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=990CE2DA1338EE32A25751C1A96E9C946896D6CF&oref=slogin
  8. ↑ "Full text of "The Suffolk traveller"". archive.org. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
  9. ↑ "Languard Fort Trust". Languard. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  10. ↑ "Home | Felixstowe Museum". felixstowemuseum.org. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  11. ↑ Cornwell, Richard (16 October 2014). "Felixstowe: Ordnance Hotel is demolished to make way for Premier Inn". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  12. ↑ "Langer Park". Visit Felistowe. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  13. ↑ "Pitchero Club Rank". Pitchero. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  14. ↑ Tynan, Paul. "Coronation Sports Ground". Sports Facilities. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  15. ↑ Cornwell, Richard (8 April 2015). "Countryside site will provide homes needed to match Felixstowe's jobs growth". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  16. ↑ Cornwell, Richard (9 April 2015). "Countryside site will provide homes needed to match Felixstowe's jobs growth". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  17. ↑ "Events July 2004 to October 2004". Felixstowe Skatepark. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  18. ↑ "New hope for Felixstowe skatepark". Ipswich Star. 18 May 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  19. ↑ Cornwell, Richard (15 June 2011). "Felixstowe: Youngsters slammed after CCTV wrecked at skatepark". East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  20. ↑ "Opening: Felixstowe Skatepark". Felixstowe Skatepark. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  21. ↑ Cornwell, Richard (15 June 2015). "Felixstowe: Youngsters slammed after CCTV wrecked at skatepark". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  22. ↑ "Edmund Allenby – Liberator of Jerusalem". Orthodox England. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  23. ↑ "Background to the Convention". Eastern Counties Bible Convention. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  24. ↑ Felixstowe Beach Station Destroyed
  25. ↑ "Felixstowe Station Walk". National Express East Anglia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  26. ↑ "Felixstowe Railway and Dock Bill". Hansard. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  27. ↑ Bus Operators
  28. ↑ "Harwich Harbour Foot & Bicycle Ferry - Home".
  29. ↑ "Foot & Cycle Ferries". felixstowetravelwatch.onesuffolk.net. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  30. ↑ "National Express Coaches". felixstowetravelwatch.onesuffolk.net. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  31. ↑ "Cranmer House, Felixstowe". British Listed Buildings.
  32. ↑ "Cotman House".
  33. ↑ "Felixstowe: Calls to 'list' seafront art deco tourist centre to protect it from bulldozers". EADT24. 10 August 2014. Archived from the original on 1 Sep 2014.
  34. ↑ "For Sale: 91-95 Undercliff Road West, Felixstowe, Suffolk IP11 2AF". Spice Property Consultants. July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 Sep 2014.
  35. ↑ "England Hockey Awards - another fantastic evening!".
  36. ↑ "Home". www.felixstowefootball.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-08-21.
  37. ↑ "Eastward Ho! Golf Club", "Golf’s Missing Links".
  38. ↑ The Chartered Institute of Librarians and Information Professionals (CILIP)
  39. ↑ Port of Felixstowe. "Brief History".
  40. ↑ "Cambridge University's Trinity College in £20million bid to buy the O2 arena". Daily Mail. 3 August 2009.
  41. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Christ Church Felixstowe, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  42. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Felixstowe: St Andrew, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  43. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Felixstowe, St Edmund, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  44. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Felixstowe, St John the Baptist, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  45. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "St Mary the Virgin, Walton IP11 9DS". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  46. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Felixstowe, St Peter & St Paul with St Andrew & St Nicholas, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  47. ↑ Archbishops' Council. "Walton Felixstowe: St Philips, Felixstowe". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  48. ↑ "Bethesda Baptist Church, Felixstowe". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  49. ↑ "MRBC Felixstowe". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  50. ↑ "River of Life Church". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  51. ↑ "Trinity Methodist Church Felixstowe". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  52. ↑ "St Felix - Felixstowe". Diocese of East Anglia. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  53. ↑ "Felixstowe Orthodox Church". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  54. ↑ "Felixstowe United Reformed Church". Retrieved 6 May 2015.
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