Foreign-born population of the United Kingdom

This article is about foreign-born groups in the United Kingdom. For ethnic groups in the United Kingdom regardless of birthplace, see Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.

The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom. In the period January 2010 to December 2010, there were 19 foreign-born groups that consisted of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK (people originating from Australia, Bangladesh, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, United States and Zimbabwe).[1]

Size of the foreign-born population

At the time of the UK census, conducted in April 2001, 8.3 per cent of the country's population were foreign-born.[2] This was substantially less than that of major immigration countries such as Australia (23 per cent), Canada (19.3 per cent) and the USA (12.3 per cent).[3] In 2005, the foreign-born population was estimated at 9.1 per cent, compared to a European Union average of 8.6 per cent.[4] The 2011 census recorded 7,337,139 foreign-born residents in England, corresponding to 13.8 per cent of the population.[5] The foreign-born population of Wales was recorded as 167,871 (5.5 per cent),[6] Scotland's as 369,284 (7 per cent)[7] and Northern Ireland's as 119,186 (6.6 per cent),[8] making the total foreign-born population of the UK 7,993,480.[9][10] Figures for each census since 1951 are given in the table below.

A 2010 estimate for the whole of the UK shows that 4.76 million people (7.7 per cent) were born outside the EU and 2.24 million (3.6 per cent) were born in another EU member state.[11]

The Office for National Statistics produces annual estimates of the size of the UK population by country of birth, based on the Annual Population Survey. The estimates for 2014 show that one in eight (13 per cent) of the usual resident population were born overseas.[12]

Census Foreign-born
population		 Percentage increase
over previous decade		 Percentage of
total population
1951[3] 2,118,600 4.2
1961[3] 2,573,500 21.5 4.9
1971[3] 3,190,300 24.0 5.8
1981[3] 3,429,100 7.5 6.2
1991[3] 3,835,400 11.8 6.7
2001[3] 4,896,600 27.7 8.3
2011[9] 7,993,480 63.0 12.7

Countries of origin

The table below lists the places of birth of UK residents according to the 2001 Census, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.[13] The table also lists population estimates of the foreign-born population for the top 60 foreign countries of birth in the period January 2010 to December 2010, published by the Office for National Statistics.[1][14]

In 2001, the five most common foreign countries of birth were the Republic of Ireland, India, Pakistan, Germany and the United States respectively.[13] In 2010, the most common foreign countries of birth were India, Poland (up from 18th in 2001), Pakistan, the Republic of Ireland and Germany respectively. The United States dropped to eighth place behind South Africa and Bangladesh, despite growth in the size of the US-born population.[1]

The period between 2001 and 2010 saw significant change in the UK's foreign-born population. In particular, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union have led to mass migration from Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Poland, Slovakia and Lithuania.[1] The number of Poland-born people resident in the UK increased from 60,711 in 2001 to an estimated 532,000 in the year to December 2010, whilst the population born in Lithuania increased from 4,363 to an estimated 87,000.[1] The most significant decrease in a foreign-born population resident in the UK between 2001 and 2010 is in the number of those originating from the Republic of Ireland. Whereas in 2001, 533,901 people born in the Republic of Ireland were resident in the UK, this is estimated to have declined to 405,000 by 2010.[1]

Country of birth Population (2001 census) Population (2015 UN Estimate)[15] Corresponding article(s)
 United Kingdom 53,923,642 56,254,898 British people, Cornish people, English people, Manx people, Northern Irish people, Scottish people, Welsh people
 Republic of Ireland 533,901 503,288 Irish migration to Great Britain
 India 467,634 776,603 Indians in the United Kingdom
 Pakistan 321,167 540,495 Pakistanis in the United Kingdom
 Germany 266,136 322,220 Germans in the United Kingdom
 United States 158,434 212,150 Americans in the United Kingdom
 Bangladesh 154,362 230,143 Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom
 Jamaica 146,401 172,829 Jamaicans in the United Kingdom
 South Africa 141,405 218,732 South Africans in the United Kingdom
 Kenya 129,633 151,073 Kenyans in the United Kingdom
 Australia 107,871 135,786 Australians in the United Kingdom
 Italy 107,244 151,790 Italians in the United Kingdom
 Hong Kong 96,445 119,990 Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom
 France 96,281 149,872 French in the United Kingdom
 Nigeria 88,378 216,268 Nigerians in the United Kingdom
 Cyprus 77,673 84,815 Cypriots in the United Kingdom
 Canada 72,518 86,415 Canadians in the United Kingdom
 Sri Lanka 67,938 138,752 Sri Lankans in the United Kingdom
 Poland 60,711 703,050 Poles in the United Kingdom
 New Zealand 58,286 67,276 New Zealanders in the United Kingdom
 Ghana 56,112 102,837 Ghanaians in the United Kingdom
 Uganda 55,213 65,447 Ugandans in the United Kingdom
 Spain 54,482 91,179 Spaniards in the United Kingdom
 Turkey 54,079 100,956 Turks in the United Kingdom
 China 51,078 182,628 Chinese in the United Kingdom
 Malaysia 49,886 75,182 Malaysians in the United Kingdom
 Zimbabwe 49,524 132,942 Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom
 Somalia 43,515 110,775 Somalis in the United Kingdom
 Iran 42,494 91,087 Iranians in the United Kingdom
 Singapore 40,474 45,351 Singaporeans in the United Kingdom
 Netherlands 40,438 68,489 Dutch in the United Kingdom
 Philippines 40,118 139,570 Filipinos in the United Kingdom
 Japan 37,535 40,127 Japanese in the United Kingdom
 Portugal 36,555 98,967 Portuguese in the United Kingdom
 Greece 35,169 39,700 Greeks in the United Kingdom
 Tanzania 32,630 38,691 Tanzanians in the United Kingdom
 Iraq 32,236 80,939 Iraqis in the United Kingdom
 Serbia 31,244
(including Kosovo)		 9,008 Serbs in the United Kingdom
 Malta 30,178 31,758 Maltese in the United Kingdom
 Mauritius 27,078 45,123 Mauritians in the United Kingdom
 Egypt 24,700 33,686 Egyptians in the United Kingdom
 Vietnam 23,347 32,429 Vietnamese in the United Kingdom
 Sweden 22,525 35,055 Swedes in the United Kingdom
 Belgium 21,668 29,142
 Barbados 21,601 20,271 Barbadians in the United Kingdom
 Zambia 21,529 30,897
 Trinidad and Tobago 21,283 25,364 Trinidadians in the United Kingdom
 Guyana 20,872 23,458 Guyanese in the United Kingdom
 Austria 19,503 21,698 Austrians in the United Kingdom
 Denmark 18,695 24,972
 Sierra Leone 17,048 25,281 Sierra Leoneans in the United Kingdom
 Thailand 16,257 47,389 Thais in the United Kingdom
  Switzerland 16,010 21,458
 Brazil 15,215 56,055 Brazilians in the United Kingdom
 Russia 15,160 42,491 Russians in the United Kingdom
 Afghanistan 14,875 68,256 Afghans in the United Kingdom
 Norway 13,798 18,236
 Hungary 13,159 56,166 Hungarians in the United Kingdom
 Yemen 12,508 19,405 Yemenis in the United Kingdom
 Morocco 12,348 23,519 Moroccans in the United Kingdom
 Malawi 12,340 17,871
 Colombia 12,331 27,691 Colombians in the United Kingdom
 South Korea 12,310 6,767 Koreans in the United Kingdom
 Czech Republic 12,220 41,605 Czechs in the United Kingdom
 Ukraine 11,913 23,414 Ukrainians in the United Kingdom
 Israel 11,892 19,608 Israelis in the United Kingdom
 Gibraltar 11,830 11,955 Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom
 Finland 11,322 14,325
 Sudan 10,671 19,758 Sudanese in the United Kingdom
 Algeria 10,670 26,826 Algerians in the United Kingdom
 Lebanon 10,459 17,128 Lebanese in the United Kingdom
 Burma (Myanmar) 9,924 13,064 Burmese in the United Kingdom
 Grenada 9,783 10,009
 Libya 9,141 17,684
 Saudi Arabia 8,789 36,148
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,569 20,971 Congolese in the United Kingdom
 Saint Lucia 8,265 9,836
 Montserrat 7,983 7,828 Montserratians in the United Kingdom
 Ethiopia 7,775 16,654 Ethiopians in the United Kingdom
 Romania 7,631 89,402 Romanians in the United Kingdom
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7,091 8,008
 Croatia 6,992 9,029
 Argentina 6,796 11,339
 Dominica 6,739 6,851
 Indonesia 6,711 10,344
 Bosnia-Herzegovina 6,692 8,469
 Taiwan 6,588 N/A
 Eritrea 6,561 19,031
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 6,519 6,067
   Nepal 5,943 54,695 Nepalis in the United Kingdom
 Angola 5,914 15,712
 Kuwait 5,882 14,054
 United Arab Emirates 5,406 12,314 Emiratis in the United Kingdom
 Bulgaria 5,351 51,875 Bulgarians in the United Kingdom
 Slovakia 5,273 67,781
 Chile 5,131 7,673 Chileans in the United Kingdom
 Mexico 5,049 10,502 Mexicans in the United Kingdom
 Lithuania 4,363 116,861 Lithuanians in the United Kingdom
 Latvia 4,275 66,046
 Bahrain 4,185 6,261
 Syria 4,168 9,950
 Peru 4,066 7,787 Peruvians in the United Kingdom
 Venezuela 3,996 9,834
 Gambia 3,924 12,194
 Antigua and Barbuda 3,891 3,995 Antiguans in the United Kingdom
 Fiji 3,464 6,754 Fijians in the United Kingdom
 Mozambique 3,353 6,368
 Congo 3,266 9,561
 Cameroon 3,233 11,009
 Jordan 3,115 6,321
 Tunisia 3,070 6,606
 Ecuador 3,035 9,422 Ecuadorians in the United Kingdom
 Bermuda 2,986 4,602
 Seychelles 2,905 3,878
 Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) 2,794 8,535 Ivoirians in the United Kingdom
 Brunei 2,782 5,731
 West Bank (Palestinian territories) 2,483 N/A
 Rwanda 2,373 4,781
 Saint Helena 2,355 2,917
 Albania 2,314 14,688 Albanians in the United Kingdom
 Botswana 2,051 3,513
 Oman 2,024 3,432
 Burundi 2,022 4,820
 Estonia 2,005 9,361
 Bahamas 1,797 2,071
 Liberia 1,583 3,844
 Iceland 1,552 2,225
 Macau 1,490 N/A
 Macedonia 1,285 3,170
 Belize 1,233 1,452
 Namibia 1,230 2,649
 Slovenia 1,228 2,298
 Luxembourg 1,222 2,092
 Belarus 1,154 4,734
 Netherlands Antilles 1,151 N/A
 Bolivia 1,143 4,046 Bolivians in the United Kingdom
 Cuba 1,083 2,665
 Qatar 1,062 2,706
 Papua New Guinea 1,057 1,199
 Falkland Islands 1,044 968
 Uruguay 963 1,472
 Kazakhstan 871 5,432
 Swaziland 863 1,596
 Madagascar 789 1,121
 Senegal 723 2,135
 Cambodia 706 1,304
 El Salvador 595 948
 Armenia 589 1,790 Armenians in the United Kingdom
 Azerbaijan 561 3,126 Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom
 Togo 553 1,743
 Georgia 551 3,388 Georgians in the United Kingdom
 Dominican Republic 523 1,485
 Uzbekistan 521 2,864
 Guatemala 499 1,049
 Anguilla 498 583
 Paraguay 493 816
 Panama 492 769
 Laos 464 716
 Moldova 455 3,417
 Honduras 420 683
 Guinea-Bissau 381 2,572
 Costa Rica 370 777
 Cayman Islands 369 914
 Lesotho 331 851 N/A
 Cape Verde N/A 1,279
 Central African Republic 312 171
 Solomon Islands 309 364
 Puerto Rico 306 N/A
 Mongolia 293 1,821 Mongolians in the United Kingdom
 Guinea 265 2,529
 Suriname 264 476
 Benin 239 678
 Djibouti 237 486
 Monaco 225 430
 Nicaragua 223 406
 Maldives 200 402
 Chad 183 371
 Kiribati 179 182
 Haiti 164 340
 British Virgin Islands 163 292
 Tonga 143 298
 Gabon 135 393
 Vanuatu 135 168
 Kyrgyzstan 133 1,132
 Samoa 125 233
 United States Virgin Islands 124 134
 Mali 121 411
 São Tomé and Príncipe 102 1,028
 Tajikistan 101 455
 Burkina Faso 99 237
 Turkmenistan 99 784
 Niger 96 217
 Bhutan 86 463
 Comoros 62 154
 Guam 61 N/A
 Turks and Caicos Islands 56 N/A
 Equatorial Guinea 51 312
 Cook Islands 37 N/A
 Andorra 35 63
 American Samoa 30 N/A
 Mauritania 28 233
 Liechtenstein 23 31
 North Korea 22 18,697
 British Indian Ocean Territory 19 N/A
 Nauru 14 30
 Tuvalu 10 N/A
 San Marino 9 N/A
 Norfolk Island 4 N/A
 Micronesia, Federated States of 3 N/A
 Niue 3 N/A
 Pitcairn Islands 3 N/A
 Palau 3 N/A
 East Timor 1 2,008
 Aruba 0 678
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 N/A
 Northern Mariana Islands 0 N/A
 Tokelau 0 N/A
  Vatican City 0 N/A

Institute for Public Policy Research analysis

In 2005 the Institute for Public Policy Research published an analysis of data from the 2001 Census, revealing the number of people included in the census who were born outside the British Isles, where they lived, and comparing this information against the 1991 Census.[16] The results were made available on the BBC website.[17] Note that this data refers to Great Britain only, rather than the whole of the UK, because of the lack of digital boundaries in the census data for Northern Ireland.[16]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Table 1.3: Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth, January 2010 to December 2010". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
  2. ↑ "Foreign-born: 1 in 12 in UK born overseas". Office for National Statistics. 15 December 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rendall, Michael; Salt, John (2005). "The foreign-born population". In Office for National Statistics. Focus on People and Migration: 2005 edition (PDF). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 131–152. ISBN 1-4039-9327-0.
  4. ↑ Muenz, Rainer (June 2006). "Europe: Population and migration in 2005". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  5. ↑ Krausova, Anna; Vargas-Silva, Carlos (19 August 2014). "England: Census Profile". Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  6. ↑ Krausova, Anna; Vargas-Silva, Carlos (4 March 2014). "Wales: Census Profile". Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  7. ↑ Krausova, Anna; Vargas-Silva, Carlos (3 December 2013). "Scotland: Census Profile". Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  8. ↑ Krausova, Anna; Vargas-Silva, Carlos (26 June 2014). "Northern Ireland: Census Profile". Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  9. 1 2 "Migration in Great Britain: Census factsheet". Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  10. ↑ "Table 13a: Foreign-born population by continent/country of birth, age and sex - Both sexes". Office for National Statistics. 21 January 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  11. ↑ Vasileva, Katya (2011). "6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad" (PDF). Eurostat. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  12. ↑ "Population by Country of Birth and Nationality Report: August 2015". Office for National Statistics. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  13. 1 2 "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
  14. ↑ Ellis, Amy (2009). "UK resident population by country of birth" (PDF). Population Trends. 135 (135): 20–28. doi:10.1057/pt.2009.5. PMID 19391440.
  15. ↑ "Trends in International Migrant Stock: Migrants by Destination and Origin (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2015).". United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2015. Retrieved Jun 24, 2016.
  16. 1 2 Kyambi, Sarah (2005). Beyond Black and White: Mapping new immigrant communities. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. ISBN 1-86030-284-X.
  17. ↑ "Introduction and figures for Britain". Born Abroad: An immigration map of Britain. BBC News. 7 September 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
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