Foreign relations of the Czech Republic

Embassies (not consulates) of the Czech Republic in the world.
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Czechia is a Central European country, a member of the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OSCE), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations (and all of its main specialized agencies and boards). It entertains diplomatic relations with 191 countries in the world, around half of which maintain a resident embassy in the Czech capital city, Prague.[1]

Until the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the foreign policy of Czechoslovakia had followed that of the Soviet Union. Since the revolution and the subsequent mutually-agreed peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the Czechs have made integration with Western institutions their chief foreign policy objective. This goal was rapidly met with great success, as the nation joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004, and held the Presidency of the European Union during the first half of 2009.

Participation in international organizations

The Czech Republic participates in the United Nations (UN); World Trade Organization (WTO); International Monetary Fund (IMF); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); International Energy Agency (IEA); North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the International Whaling Commission.

Czechia is a member of the United Nations and participates in its specialized agencies. It is a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

Czechia became a member of the EU in May 2004. This followed signature of the Treaty of Accession with nine other candidate nations in 1993. Although there have been disagreements with established EU member nations over some economic issues, such as agricultural quotas and a recent amendment to the gaming law, relations are good.

Czechia became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, along with Poland and Hungary, on 12 March 1999. This membership represents a milestone in the country's foreign policy and security orientation.

International disputes

Liechtenstein

Throughout the past decades, Liechtenstein continuously claimed restitution for 1,600 km2 (620 sq mi) (which is ten times the size of Liechtenstein) of land currently located in Czechia that was partially confiscated from the Liechtenstein family in 1918 with the rest of the property being confiscated in 1945 after the expulsion of Germans and confiscation of German property; Czechia insisted that it could not acknowledge or be responsible for claims going back to before February 1948, when the Communists had seized power.

As a result, Liechtenstein did not diplomatically recognize the existence of the Czech Republic as a new state (and, for that matter, also that of the Slovak Republic) until 2009.

In July 2009, the Prince of Liechtenstein announced he was resigning to the previous unsuccessful claims to property located in the Czech Republic, and on 13 July 2009, after politically recognizing one another, the Czech Republic and Liechtenstein formally established diplomatic relations.[2][3]

Placement of US National Missile Defense base

In February 2007, the US started formal negotiations with Czech Republic and Poland concerning construction of missile shield installations in those countries for a Ground-Based Midcourse Defense System.[4] Government of the Czech Republic agrees (while 67% Czechs disagree and only about 22% support it)[5] to host a missile defense radar on its territory while a base of missile interceptors is supposed to be built in Poland. The objective is reportedly to protect another parts of US National Missile Defense from long-range missile strikes from Iran and North Korea, but Czech PM Mirek Topolánek said the main reason is to avoid Russian influence and strengthen ties to US.[6]

The main government supporter Alexandr Vondra, Deputy Prime Minister for European affairs, used to be an ambassador to the USA. More problematic is that between 2004 and 2006 he was an executive director of a lobbying company Dutko Worldwide Prague. Dutko's and its strategic partner AMI Communications (PR company) customers are Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Nortrop Grumman, which are largest contractors for NMD development.[7][8] AMI Communications also received (without a formal selection procedure) a government contract to persuade Czechs to support US radar base.

Europe

Country Formal relations began Notes
 AlbaniaSee Albania–Czech Republic relations

The multi-national Communist armed forces’ sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[9]

  • Albania has an embassy in Prague.
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Tirana.
 AustriaSee Austria–Czech Republic relations

Austria has an embassy in Prague and two honorary consulates (in Brno and České Budějovice). The Czech Republic has an embassy in Vienna and five honorary consulates (in Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Linz, and Salzburg). Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km (225 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement.

 BelarusSee Foreign relations of Belarus
 BelgiumSee Foreign relations of Belgium
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaSee Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 BulgariaSee Bulgaria–Czech Republic relations

Diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia were established on 27 September 1920, they were severed on 1 June 1939 and were restored on 10 October 1945. On 23 December 1992 Bulgaria recognised the Czech Republic and established diplomatic relations with it at the level of embassies as of 1 January 1993. Bulgaria has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Prague.[10] Czech Republic has an embassy in Sofia and an honorary consulate in Varna.[11]

 CroatiaSee Foreign relations of Croatia
 CyprusSee Foreign relations of Cyprus
 DenmarkSee Czech Republic–Denmark relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Copenhagen and an honorary consulate in Højbjerg.[12]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Prague.[13]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Estonia1920s
 Finland1 January 1993
 France

See Czech Republic–France relations

 Germany See Czech–German relations
  • Both countries share 815 km (506 mi) of common borders.
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Berlin, three general consulates (in Bonn, Dresden and Munich), and 6 honorary consulates (in Dortmund, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Nürnberg, Rostock and Stuttgart).
  • Germany has an embassy in Prague.
 Greece1 January 1993See Czech Republic–Greece relations
 Hungary1 January 1993
  • Before 1918, both countries were part of Austria–Hungary.
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Budapest.[22]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Prague.[23]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Iceland1 January 1993See Czech Republic–Iceland relations
  • Neither country has a resident embassy.
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Iceland through an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.
  • Iceland is represented in the Czech Republic through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and through an honorary consulate in Prague.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, of the Council of Europe and of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
 Ireland1929
 Italy
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Rome, a general consulate in Milan, and 5 honorary consulate (in Florence, Naples, Palermo, Udine, and Venice).[26][27]
  • Italy has an embassy in Prague.[28]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Kosovo2008 See Czech–Kosovan relations
 Latvia9 September 1991
 Liechtenstein13 July 2009
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2009.[2][3]
 Lithuania5 January 1922
 Luxembourg
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Luxembourg City.[36]
  • Luxembourg has an embassy in Prague.[37]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO.
 Malta
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome, (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.[38]
  • Malta is represented in the Czech Republic through a non-resident ambassador based in the Foreign Ministry at Valletta.[39]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Netherlands13 November 1919
 PolandSee Poland–Czech Republic relations

Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 796 km (495 mi) of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement.

 Romania6 April 1919
  • After the splitting of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Romania established diplomatic relation on 18 December 1992.
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Bucharest.[42]
  • Romania has an embassy in Prague.[43]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 RussiaSee Czech Republic–Russia relations

The present day relations between the two countries are at their best, and many agreements have been signed. Russia also has further reduced its oil deliveries to the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Moscow, and two consulate generals (in Saint Petersburg and Yekaterinburg). The Russian Federation has an embassy in Prague, and two consulate generals in (Brno and Karlovy Vary).

 Serbia1918
 Slovakia1 January 1993See Czech Republic–Slovakia relations

Before 1918, both countries were part of Austria–Hungary, and between 1918 and 1 January 1993, both countries were part of Czechoslovakia.

 Ukraine
 United KingdomSee Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations

HM Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom paid a state visit to the Czech Republic in March 1996.[52]

Americas

 Brazil

Further information: Czech Brazilians

 Canada

 Colombia

 Mexico

Diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Mexico were established in 1922. Mexico re-recognised Czech independence in 1993 after its separation with Slovakia.

 United States

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and the United States played a major role in the establishment of Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1918.

 Uruguay

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Armenia30 March 1992
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Prague.
 AzerbaijanSee Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
 China6 October 1949See China–Czech Republic relations
 Georgia1 January 1993
 IndiaSee Czech Republic–India relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in New Delhi.[60]
  • Consulate of Czech Republic in India at Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata.
  • India has an embassy in Prague.[61]
 Indonesia

See Czech Republic–Indonesia relations

 Iran30 April 1929See Czech Republic–Iran relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tehran.[62]
  • Iran has an embassy in Prague.[63]
 Iraq1993
 Israel3 July 1948See Czech Republic–Israel relations

The government of Czechoslovakia recognised independence of Israel 5 days after its declaration on 19 May 1948. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on 3 July 1948. Czechoslovakia supported with military aircraft and weapons newly created Israeli state for several months, however then-new communist government ceased this support and in few years even the diplomatic relations were broken. Communist regime did spread anti-Israeli propaganda, like all then socialist countries. After the Velvet revolution, the relations were renewed. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 4 honorary consulates (in Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem and Ramat Gan).[66] Israel has an embassy in Prague.[67]

In December 2008 the Czech Air Force wanted to train in desert conditions for the upcoming mission in Afghanistan. No country agreed to help, except Israel. Israel saw it as an opportunity to thank the Czechs for training Israeli pilots when the country was first established.[68]

There are 3,000 Jews living in the Czech Republic (see also History of the Jews in the Czech Republic).

 Japan1919

See Czech Republic–Japan relations

  • Japan's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia was Harukazu Nagaoka[69]
  • Relations between Czechoslovakia and Japan were broken off in 1939, and not re-established until 1957[70][71]
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Kobe.
  • Japan has an embassy in Prague.[72]
 Kazakhstan See Czech Republic–Kazakhstan relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Astana and a branch office of the embassy in Almaty.[73]
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Prague and an honorary consulate in Jaroměř.[74]
 North Korea See Foreign relations of North Korea
 Malaysia See Czech Republic–Malaysia relations
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[75]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Prague.[76]
  • Following the establishment of relations with the Soviet Union in 1968, Malaysia also expanded its relations with Czech Republic and other Eastern European countries.[77]
 Mongolia 1992 See Czech Republic–Mongolia relations
  • After the 1992 dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Mongolia reaffirmed its relations with the newly formed Czech Republic in 1993.[78]
  • The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ulaanbaatar was formally reopened in 1999.[79]
 Philippines

See Czech Republic–Philippines relations

  • The current diplomatic relationship of the Czech Republic and the Philippines has its roots to the friendship of Filipino national hero José Rizal and Ferdinand Blumentritt even neither countries existed yet back in the 19th century. Rizal visited Blumentritt in the city of Litomerice, Bohemia (present day Czech Republic) in 1887. According to Filipino Foreign secretary Albert del Rosario, the friendship between the two men served as the foundation of the current bilateral ties between the two countries.
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Prague.
 Pakistan27 September 1950

See Pakistan-Czech Republic relations

  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Islamabad and two honorary consulates in Lahore and Karachi.[80]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Prague.[81]
  • On 20 September 2008 the Czech Republic's ambassador to Pakistan, Ivo Žďárek, was killed in a deadly blast at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad.[82]
 South Korea22 March 1990[83] See Czech Republic–South Korea relations
 Taiwan See Czech Republic–Taiwan relations[86]
 Turkey1924[89] See Czech Republic–Turkey relations
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Ankara
  • Turkey has en embassy in Prague
  • Both are members of NATO[90]
 Vietnam2 February 1950 See Czech Republic–Vietnam relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Prague.

Oceania

 Australia

Further information: Foreign relations of Australia

Africa

 Libya

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.mzv.cz/file/955338/The_Czech_Republic_s_Foreign_Policy_in_2011___A_Brief_Overview.pdf
  2. 1 2 "Liechtenstein and the Czech Republic establish diplomatic relations" (PDF). Government Spokesperson's Office, the Principality of Liechtenstein. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  3. 1 2 "Navázání diplomatických styků České republiky s Knížectvím Lichtenštejnsko" (in Czech). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. 13 July 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
  4. ↑ Mardell, Mark (31 May 2007). "Europe diary: Missile defence". BBC News.
  5. ↑ "Občané o americké radarové základně v ČR" [Citizens on U.S. Anti-Missile Radar Base in Czech Republic] (PDF) (Press release) (in Czech). Centrum pro výzkum veřejného mínění. 6 March 2008.
  6. ↑ Topolánek, Mirek (24 November 2007). "18. Kongres ODS: Úvodní projev předsedy ODS". Civic Democratic Party. Archived from the original on 31 May 2008.
  7. ↑ "Kdo prosazuje radar v ČR?" (in Czech). Hnutí Nenásilí. 16 October 2008.
  8. ↑ "Protiraketová lobby v USA a České republice" (in Czech). Greenpeace.
  9. ↑ "1955: Communist states sign Warsaw Pact". BBC News. 14 May 1955. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  10. ↑ "Bulgaria - Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  11. ↑ "Czech Republic embassy in Sofia". Mzv.cz. 30 December 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  12. ↑ "Czech embassy in Copenhagen". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  13. ↑ "Danish embassy in Prague". Ambprag.um.dk. 14 January 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  14. ↑ "Czech embassy in Tallinn". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  15. ↑ "Estonian embassy in Prague". Estemb.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  16. ↑ "Embassy of Finland in Prague". Finland.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  17. ↑ Text in League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 23, pp. 164–169.
  18. ↑ "Czech embassy in Paris (in Czech and French only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  19. ↑ "French embassy in Prague (in Czech and French only)". France.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  20. ↑ "Embassy of the Czech Republic in Athens". MZV. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  21. ↑ "Greece - Embassy of the Hellenic Republic". MZV. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  22. ↑ "Czech embassy in Budapest". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  23. ↑ "Hungarian embassy in Prague". Mfa.gov.hu. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  24. ↑ "Czech embassy in Dublin". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  25. ↑ "Irish embassy in Prague". Embassyofireland.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  26. ↑ "Czech embassy in Rome". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  27. ↑ "Czech general consulate in Milan". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  28. ↑ "Italian embassy in Prague". Ambpraga.esteri.it. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  29. ↑ "The Czech Republic has recognized independence of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. 21 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  30. ↑ "Česko otevřelo své velvyslanectví v Kosovu". Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). Czech Republic. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  31. ↑ "Czech Republic opens its embassy to Pristina". Kosovapress. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
  32. ↑ "Czech embassy in Riga". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  33. ↑ "Latvian embassy in Prague". Am.gov.lv. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  34. ↑ "Czech embassy in Vilnius". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  35. ↑ "Lithuanian embassy in Prague". Cz.mfa.lt. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  36. ↑ "Czech embassy in Luxembourg City (in Czech and French only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  37. ↑ "Luxembourg embassy in Prague" (in French). Ambalux.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  38. ↑ "Czech honorary consulate in Valletta". Czech-malta.com. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  39. ↑ "Sorry. The page you are looking for does not exist" (PDF). Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  40. ↑ "Czech embassy in The Hague". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  41. ↑ "Dutch embassy in Prague". Netherlandsembassy.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  42. ↑ "Czech embassy in Bucharest (in Czech and Romanian embassy)". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  43. ↑ "Romanian embassy in Prague". Praga.mae.ro. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  44. ↑ "Czech embassy in Belgrade (in Czech and Serbian only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  45. ↑ "Czech embassy in Kiev(in Czech and Ukrainian only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  46. ↑ "Ukrainian embassy in Prague (in Czech and Ukrainian only)". Mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  47. ↑ "Ukrainian consulate in Brno(in Czech and Ukrainian only)" (in Czech). Ukrkonzulat.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  48. ↑ Serhy Yekelchyk "Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation", Oxford University Press (2007), ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3 (page 128-130)
  49. ↑ "Worldwide organisations - GOV.UK". Fco.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  50. ↑ "How to find us | Embassy of the Czech Republic in London". Mzv.cz. 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  51. ↑ "Czech Honorary Consulates in the UK | Embassy of the Czech Republic in London". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  52. ↑ "Outward state visits made by the queen since 1952". Official web site of the British Monarchy. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
  53. ↑ "Embassy of the Czech Republic in Mexico City". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  54. ↑ "Bienvenidos a la portada". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  55. ↑ Embassy of the Czech Republic in Washington, DC
  56. ↑ "Home - Embassy of the United States". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  57. ↑ "Czech embassy in Montevideo (in Czech and Spanish only)". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  58. ↑ "Czech embassy in Tbilissi". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  59. ↑ "Georgian embassy in Prague". Embassy.mfa.gov.ge. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  60. ↑ "Czech Republic Embassy in India". VisaHQ.
  61. ↑ "Embassy of India, Czech Republic". Visa to India.
  62. ↑ "Czech embassy in Tehran". Mzv.cz. 19 March 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  63. ↑ "Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Iranian embassy in Prague". Czechembassy.org. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  64. ↑ "Czech embassy in Baghdad". Mzv.cz. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  65. ↑ "Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Iraqi embassy in Prague". Czechembassy.org. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  66. ↑ "Czech embassy in Tel Aviv". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  67. ↑ Israeli embassy in Prague
  68. ↑ "Czech pilots train in Israel for Afghan mission". Ceskenoviny.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  69. ↑ "Embassy of Japan in the Czech Republic: 歴代チェコ共和国日本国大使". Cz.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  70. ↑ "Embassy of the Czech Republic in Tokyo: Political Relations Between Japan and Communist Czechoslovakia". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  71. ↑ "Embassy of the Czech Republic in Tokyo: World War II". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  72. ↑ "Japanese embassy in Prague (in Czech and Japanese only)". Cz.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  73. ↑ "Czech embassy in Astana". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  74. ↑ "Kazakh embassy in Prague". Kazembassy.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  75. ↑ "Embassy of Czech Republic in Kuala Lumpur". Embassy of Czech Republic, Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  76. ↑ "Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Prague". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  77. ↑ Christoph Marcinkowski; Constance Chevallier-Govers; Ruhanas Harun (2011). Malaysia and the European Union: Perspectives for the Twenty-First Century. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-3-643-80085-5.
  78. ↑ "Mongolian – Czech friendship grows with EU". The Mongol Messenger. 17 April 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  79. ↑ "Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic, 1998–1999" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Czech Republic. 1999: 187–188. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  80. ↑ "Czech embassy in Islamabad". Mzv.cz. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  81. ↑ "Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Pakistani embassy in Prague". Czechembassy.org. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  82. ↑ "Czech ambassador confirmed dead in blast". CNN. 21 September 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  83. 1 2 http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070818/1_24626.jsp?menu=m_30_40
  84. ↑ "South Korean embassy in Prague". Cze.mofat.go.kr. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  85. ↑ "Embassy of the Czech Republic to the Republic of Korea". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  86. ↑ https://is.muni.cz/th/378515/fss_b/Bachelor_s_thesis_final.pdf. List of various sources about Czech-Taiwanese relations 2000-2012.
  87. ↑ http://www.roc-taiwan.org/CZ/form.asp?ctUnit=113&spec=contactus&mp=147
  88. ↑ http://www.mzv.cz/taipei/en/index.html
  89. ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-czech-republic.en.mfa
  90. ↑ http://www.mzv.cz/ankara/en/bilateral_relations/bilateral_relations/index.html

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