Foreign relations of Georgia

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Georgia

Georgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea the United Kingdom and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.[1]

Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence,[2] however Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to controversies regarding espionage and the 2008 South Ossetia war. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.[3]

Relations by country

Neighboring countries

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia17 July 1992[4] See Armenia–Georgia relations
  • There are nearly 250,000 Armenians in Georgia, among them 115,000 living in Samtskhe-Javakheti and 83,000 in Tbilisi.[5] The Georgian minority in Armenia is less sizable.
  • Armenia and Georgia have a long history of cultural and political relations. The interaction peaked in the Middle Ages when both nations engaged in prolific cultural dialogue and allied themselves against the neighboring Muslim empires. There were frequent intermarriages between Armenian and Georgian the royal and noble families and both ethnicities intermingled in several border areas.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Tbilisi and general consulate in Batumi.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Yerevan.
 Azerbaijan18 November 1992[6] See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
 Turkey21 May 1992[7]See Georgia–Turkey relations

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania8 July 1993[10]See Albania–Georgia relations
  • Albania is represented in Georgia through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
  • Georgia is represented in Albania through a non resident ambassador based in Ankara, (Turkey).
 Austria18 January 1993[11]
 BelarusSee Foreign relations of Belarus
 Bulgaria5 June 1992[12]See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
 Cyprus9 July 1993[15]See Georgia-Cyprus relations
 Czech Republic1 January 1993[16]See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
 Denmark1 July 1992[17]See Denmark–Georgia relations
 Estonia16 June 1992[18]See Foreign relations of Estonia
 Finland8 July 1992[19]See Foreign relations of Finland
 France21 August 1992[20]See Foreign relations of France
 Germany13 April 1992[21]
 Hungary14 May 1992[24]
 Italy11 May 1992[26]See Georgia–Italy relations
 Latvia11 March 1993[27]
 Lithuania16 September 1994[29]
 Malta1 February 1993[32]See Georgia–Malta relations
 Moldova25 June 1992[33]
 Netherlands21 April 1992[34]
  • Georgia has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Tbilisi.
 Poland28 April 1992[35]See Georgia–Poland relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
 Romania25 June 1992[36]
 Serbia26 June 1995[37]
 Sweden19 September 1992[38]See Georgia–Sweden relations
  • Georgia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Tbilisi.
  • After the war, when Abkhazia and South Ossetia broke away from Georgia, Georgia and Sweden both did not recognize the independence of both states. There were protests near the Russian embassy in Stockholm, as the war was going on 12 August 2008. The protests was held by a group of Georgians and Swedes.
  Switzerland10 June 1992[39]
 Ukraine22 July 1992[41]See Georgia–Ukraine relations

Relations between Georgia and Ukraine and between the Georgian and Ukrainian people in particular last from the Middle Ages.

 United Kingdom27 April 1992[42]

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes¨
 Brunei1 March 2010[45]
 China9 June 1992[46]
 India28 September 1992[48] See Georgia–India relations
 Iran15 May 1992[50] See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
  • Persia and Georgia have had relations for thousands of years.
 Israel1 June 1992[51]See Georgia–Israel relations
 Japan3 August 1992[52] See Georgia–Japan relations
 Kazakhstan24 July 1992[53]
 Malaysia7 May 1993[54]
 MaldivesMarch 2010[55]
 Pakistan12 May 1992See Georgia–Pakistan relations
 North Korea See Foreign relations of North Korea
 South Korea14 December 1992[56] See Georgia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the South Korea and (Georgia) began on 14 December 1992.[57]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Seoul.[58]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tbilisi.[59]
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 143 million US dollars
    • Imports 19 million US dollars
  • The number of the South Koreans living in Georgia in 2014 was about 50.

Rest of world

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda11 April 2011[60] Antigua and Barbuda and Georgia established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011, and signed a joint protocol.[60]
 Bahamas13 May 2011[61]
 Botswana15 January 2010[62] See Foreign relations of Botswana
 Canada23 July 1992[63]See Foreign relations of Canada
 Central African Republic22 December 2010[64]
 Comoros26 March 2010[65]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo14 January 2011[66]
 Dominica16 December 2010[67]
 Dominican Republic22 January 2010[68]
 Egypt11 May 1992[69]
 Equatorial Guinea23 June 2010[71]
 Eritrea24 February 2012[72]
 Fiji29 March 2010[73]
 Gambia21 April 2010[74]
 Grenada23 November 2011[75]
 Guatemala27 April 2010[76]
 Guinea-Bissau9 March 2011[77]
 Guyana23 April 2012[78]
 Haiti16 December 2011[79]
 Honduras9 March 2011[80]
 Mali9 May 2012[81]
 Mauritius5 March 2011[82]
 Mexico8 June 1992[83] See Georgia-Mexico relations
 Federated States of Micronesia12 August 2011[87]
 Namibia5 November 2015[88]
 Niger30 May 2012[89]
 Paraguay9 March 2010[90]
 Rwanda10 March 2011[91]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis26 October 2011[92]
 Saint LuciaFebruary 2010[93]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22 June 2010[94]
 Saudi Arabia27 May 1994[95]
 Solomon Islands12 March 2011[96]
 Somalia26 February 2011[97]
 South Africa
 South Sudan15 June 2012[98]
 Suriname28 May 2011[99]
 Tuvalu4 February 2011[100]16 February 2012[101]
31 March 2014[102]

On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.[101]

However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia’s territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.[102][103]

 Vanuatu15 July 2013[104] See Georgia–Vanuatu relations
 United States23 April 1992[105]See Georgia–United States relations

On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.[106]

No diplomatic relations

Country Formal Relations Notes
 Macedonia none Georgia has no diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia. Georgia is especially interested in Republic of Macedonia's experience in the process of integration into the Transatlantic structures.[107]
 Nicaragua[108]14 September 1994[109]28 November 2008[110] Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994[109] and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter’s recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[110]
 Russia[108]1 July 19922 September 2008[111]See Georgia–Russia relations

On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.[112]

Overview

Foreign relation of Georgia:
  Diplomatic relations established
  No diplomatic relations established
  Diplomatic relations terminated

Georgia has established relations with 171 countries, the Vatican City, Order of Malta and Palestine.[113][114][115]

Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia[108][112] and Nicaragua.[108][110]

Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:

See also

Further reading

References

  1. Andrei P. Tsygankov, "The Russia-NATO mistrust: Ethnophobia and the double expansion to contain 'the Russian Bear'" Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46.1 (2013): 179-188.
  2. Utiashvili, Tamta. "Why Is a Small State Like Georgia Important for the USA, the EU and Russia?". http://www.e-ir.info/. Retrieved 21 October 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  3. Kramer, Andrew. "Georgia and Russia Cut Diplomatic Ties". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  4. "Relations between Georgia and Republic of Armenia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  5. 1 2 2002 Georgia census.
  6. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  7. "Turkey´s Political Relations With Georgia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  8. Embassy of Georgia in Turkey
  9. "Embassy of Turkey in Georgia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  10. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Albania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  11. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Austria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  12. "Relations between Georgia and Bulgaria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  13. Bulgarian embassy in Tbilisi
  14. "Diaspora - Embassy of Georgia to the United States of America". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  15. "Relations between Georgia and Cyprus". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  16. "Relations between Georgia and the Czech Republic". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  17. "Bilateral Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Denmark". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  18. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Estonia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  19. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Finland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  20. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of France". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  21. "Relations between Georgia and the Federal Republic of Germany". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  22. Georgian embassy in Berlin (in Georgian and German only)
  23. "Deutsche Botschaft Tiflis - Startseite". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  24. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Hungary". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  25. Hungarian embassy in Tbilisi
  26. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Italy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  27. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Latvia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  28. Georgian embassy in Riga
  29. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Lithuania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  30. Georgian embassy in Vilnius
  31. "LR Ambasada Gruzijoje". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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  33. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Moldova". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
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  35. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Poland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  36. "Relations between Georgia and Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  37. "Relations Between Georgia and the Republic of Serbia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  38. "Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Sweden". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  39. "Relations between Georgia and Swiss Confederation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  40. Swiss embassy in Tbilisi
  41. "Relations between Georgia and Ukraine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  42. "Relations between Georgia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  43. British embassy in Tbilisi
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  45. "Brunei establishes diplomatic ties with Georgia". The Brunei Times. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  46. "Relations between Georgia and the People's Republic of China". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  47. Chinese embassy in Tbilissi
  48. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of India". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  49. "Welcome to Embassy of India, Yerevan, Armenia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  50. "Relations between Georgia and the Islamic Republic of Iran". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  51. "Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  52. "Relations between Georgia and Japan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  53. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Kazakhstan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  54. "Diplomatic Relations between Georgia and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  55. "Georgia established diplomatic relations with the Maldives". Georgia Times. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  56. "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Korea).
  57. http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24642.jsp?menu=m_30_40
  58. http://korea.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=851&lang_id=ENG
  59. http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24642.jsp?menu=m_30_40
  60. 1 2 "Diplomatic Relations Established Between Georgia And Antigua And Barbuda". Government of Antigua and Barbuda. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
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  62. "Georgia, Botswana establish diplomatic relations". Trend.az. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  63. "Relations Between Georgia and Canada". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  64. "Georgia, Central African Republic Establish Diplomatic Relations". Georgian Journal. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  65. "Georgia and the Union of the Comoros established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  66. "Georgia Establishes Diplomatic Ties with DR Congo". Civil.ge. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  67. "Georgia and the Commonwealth of Dominica established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  68. "Dominican Republic and Georgia establish diplomatic relations". Dominican Today. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  69. "Relations Between Georgia and the Arab Republic of Egypt". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  70. Georgian embassy in Cairo
  71. "Georgia and Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 24 June 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  72. Georgia and Eritrea establish diplomatic relations
  73. "Georgia and Fiji established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  74. "Georgia and Gambia established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  75. Georgia and Grenada establish diplomatic relations
  76. Georgia and Guatemala establish diplomatic relations
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  78. "Georgia has established diplomatic relations with Guyana". GeorgiaTimes.info. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  79. Georgia and Haiti establish diplomatic relations
  80. "Georgia and Honduras established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 9 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  81. Georgia and Mali establish diplomatic relations
  82. "Mauritius and Georgia established diplomatic relations". Business Mega Mauritius. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  83. "Georgia and Mexico established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 23 June 2012.
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  85. Embassy of Mexico in Ankara, Turkey (in English, Spanish and Turkish)
  86. "Office location". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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  89. "News - Embassy of Georgia to the Republic of Armenia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  90. "Georgia and Republic of Paraguay established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 10 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  91. "Georgia establishes diplomatic relations with Rwanda". Georgia Times. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  92. Georgia and St. Kitts and Nevis establish diplomatic relations
  93. "Georgia established diplomatic relations with Saint Lucia". Georgia Times. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  94. Georgia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines establish diplomatic relations
  95. Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  96. "Georgia, Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations". Solomon Star. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  97. "Georgia, Somalia establish diplomatic ties". Hurriyet. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  98. Georgia and South Sudan establish diplomatic relations
  99. "Suriname, Georgia establish diplomatic relations". Your Suriname News Source. 12 June 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  100. "Georgia and Tuvalu established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  101. 1 2 Civil.ge (17 February 2012). "Georgia Cuts Diplomatic Ties with Tuvalu". Civil Georgia. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  102. 1 2 "Tuvalu Retracts Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Recognition". civil.ge. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  103. "Tuvalu scraps recognition of Georgia breakaway regions". Business Standard/AFP (Tbilisi). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  104. Civil Georgia. "Civil.Ge - Georgia, Vanuatu Establish Diplomatic Ties". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  105. "Relations Between Georgia and the United States of America". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  106. United States-Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership. Civil Georgia. 9 January 2009
  107. Georgia-Macedonia relations
  108. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Has recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence
  109. 1 2 "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Nicaragua". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  110. 1 2 3 "Georgia Cuts Ties with Nicaragua over S.Ossetia, Abkhazia Recognition". Civil.ge. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  111. "Relations between Georgia and Russia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  112. 1 2 Georgia breaks relations with Russia
  113. Georgia and Palestine diplomatic relations
  114. Bilateral Relations
  115. LIST OF COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH GEORGIA
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