Foreign relations of Georgia
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Georgia |
Legislature |
Judiciary |
Georgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea the United Kingdom and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.[1]
Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence,[2] however Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to controversies regarding espionage and the 2008 South Ossetia war. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.[3]
Relations by country
Neighboring countries
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Armenia | 17 July 1992[4] | See Armenia–Georgia relations
|
Azerbaijan | 18 November 1992[6] | See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
|
Turkey | 21 May 1992[7] | See Georgia–Turkey relations
|
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 8 July 1993[10] | See Albania–Georgia relations |
Austria | 18 January 1993[11] |
|
Belarus | See Foreign relations of Belarus | |
Bulgaria | 5 June 1992[12] | See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
|
Cyprus | 9 July 1993[15] | See Georgia-Cyprus relations |
Czech Republic | 1 January 1993[16] | See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic |
Denmark | 1 July 1992[17] | See Denmark–Georgia relations |
Estonia | 16 June 1992[18] | See Foreign relations of Estonia |
Finland | 8 July 1992[19] | See Foreign relations of Finland |
France | 21 August 1992[20] | See Foreign relations of France |
Germany | 13 April 1992[21] |
|
Hungary | 14 May 1992[24] |
|
Italy | 11 May 1992[26] | See Georgia–Italy relations
|
Latvia | 11 March 1993[27] |
|
Lithuania | 16 September 1994[29] |
|
Malta | 1 February 1993[32] | See Georgia–Malta relations |
Moldova | 25 June 1992[33] |
|
Netherlands | 21 April 1992[34] |
|
Poland | 28 April 1992[35] | See Georgia–Poland relations
|
Romania | 25 June 1992[36] |
|
Serbia | 26 June 1995[37] |
|
Sweden | 19 September 1992[38] | See Georgia–Sweden relations
|
Switzerland | 10 June 1992[39] |
|
Ukraine | 22 July 1992[41] | See Georgia–Ukraine relations
Relations between Georgia and Ukraine and between the Georgian and Ukrainian people in particular last from the Middle Ages. |
United Kingdom | 27 April 1992[42] |
|
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes¨ |
---|---|---|
Brunei | 1 March 2010[45] | |
China | 9 June 1992[46] |
|
India | 28 September 1992[48] | See Georgia–India relations |
Iran | 15 May 1992[50] | See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
|
Israel | 1 June 1992[51] | See Georgia–Israel relations
|
Japan | 3 August 1992[52] | See Georgia–Japan relations
|
Kazakhstan | 24 July 1992[53] |
|
Malaysia | 7 May 1993[54] |
|
Maldives | March 2010[55] | |
Pakistan | 12 May 1992 | See Georgia–Pakistan relations |
North Korea | See Foreign relations of North Korea | |
South Korea | 14 December 1992[56] | See Georgia–South Korea relations
|
Rest of world
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | 11 April 2011[60] | Antigua and Barbuda and Georgia established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011, and signed a joint protocol.[60] |
Bahamas | 13 May 2011[61] | |
Botswana | 15 January 2010[62] | See Foreign relations of Botswana |
Canada | 23 July 1992[63] | See Foreign relations of Canada |
Central African Republic | 22 December 2010[64] | |
Comoros | 26 March 2010[65] | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 14 January 2011[66] | |
Dominica | 16 December 2010[67] | |
Dominican Republic | 22 January 2010[68] | |
Egypt | 11 May 1992[69] |
|
Equatorial Guinea | 23 June 2010[71] | |
Eritrea | 24 February 2012[72] | |
Fiji | 29 March 2010[73] | |
Gambia | 21 April 2010[74] | |
Grenada | 23 November 2011[75] | |
Guatemala | 27 April 2010[76] | |
Guinea-Bissau | 9 March 2011[77] | |
Guyana | 23 April 2012[78] | |
Haiti | 16 December 2011[79] | |
Honduras | 9 March 2011[80] | |
Mali | 9 May 2012[81] | |
Mauritius | 5 March 2011[82] | |
Mexico | 8 June 1992[83] | See Georgia-Mexico relations |
Federated States of Micronesia | 12 August 2011[87] | |
Namibia | 5 November 2015[88] | |
Niger | 30 May 2012[89] | |
Paraguay | 9 March 2010[90] | |
Rwanda | 10 March 2011[91] | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 26 October 2011[92] | |
Saint Lucia | February 2010[93] | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 22 June 2010[94] | |
Saudi Arabia | 27 May 1994[95] | |
Solomon Islands | 12 March 2011[96] | |
Somalia | 26 February 2011[97] | |
South Africa |
| |
South Sudan | 15 June 2012[98] | |
Suriname | 28 May 2011[99] | |
Tuvalu | 4 February 2011[100]—16 February 2012[101] 31 March 2014[102] |
On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.[101] However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia’s territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.[102][103] |
Vanuatu | 15 July 2013[104] | See Georgia–Vanuatu relations |
United States | 23 April 1992[105] | See Georgia–United States relations
On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.[106] |
No diplomatic relations
Country | Formal Relations | Notes |
---|---|---|
Macedonia | none | Georgia has no diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia. Georgia is especially interested in Republic of Macedonia's experience in the process of integration into the Transatlantic structures.[107] |
Nicaragua[108] | 14 September 1994[109] — 28 November 2008[110] | Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994[109] and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter’s recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[110] |
Russia[108] | 1 July 1992—2 September 2008[111] | See Georgia–Russia relations
On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.[112] |
Overview
Georgia has established relations with 171 countries, the Vatican City, Order of Malta and Palestine.[113][114][115]
Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia[108][112] and Nicaragua.[108][110]
Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:
- Barbados, Belize, Venezuela.[108]
- Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Lesotho, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Swaziland, Togo.
- Bhutan.
- Cook Islands, Kiribati, Nauru,[108] Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tonga .
- Macedonia.
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[108] and the rest of states with limited recognition.
See also
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions in Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions of Georgia
- Georgia – European Union relations
- EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Georgia
Further reading
- NATO and the South Caucasus. Analyses, Chronicles, Opinion Polls in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 5
- Edilashvili, Maia: "Foreign Direct Investment Declines in Georgia" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
References
- ↑ Andrei P. Tsygankov, "The Russia-NATO mistrust: Ethnophobia and the double expansion to contain 'the Russian Bear'" Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46.1 (2013): 179-188.
- ↑ Utiashvili, Tamta. "Why Is a Small State Like Georgia Important for the USA, the EU and Russia?". http://www.e-ir.info/. Retrieved 21 October 2014. External link in
|website=
(help) - ↑ Kramer, Andrew. "Georgia and Russia Cut Diplomatic Ties". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Republic of Armenia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- 1 2 2002 Georgia census.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Turkey´s Political Relations With Georgia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Embassy of Georgia in Turkey
- ↑ "Embassy of Turkey in Georgia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Albania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Austria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Bulgaria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Bulgarian embassy in Tbilisi
- ↑ "Diaspora - Embassy of Georgia to the United States of America". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Cyprus". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Czech Republic". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Denmark". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Estonia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Finland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of France". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Federal Republic of Germany". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgian embassy in Berlin (in Georgian and German only)
- ↑ "Deutsche Botschaft Tiflis - Startseite". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Hungary". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Hungarian embassy in Tbilisi
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Italy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Latvia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgian embassy in Riga
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Lithuania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgian embassy in Vilnius
- ↑ "LR Ambasada Gruzijoje". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Malta". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Moldova". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations Between Georgia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Poland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations Between Georgia and the Republic of Serbia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Sweden". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Swiss Confederation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ Swiss embassy in Tbilisi
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Ukraine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ↑ British embassy in Tbilisi
- ↑ "Embassy of Georgia to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Brunei establishes diplomatic ties with Georgia". The Brunei Times. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the People's Republic of China". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Chinese embassy in Tbilissi
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of India". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Welcome to Embassy of India, Yerevan, Armenia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Islamic Republic of Iran". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Japan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Kazakhstan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations between Georgia and Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia established diplomatic relations with the Maldives". Georgia Times. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Korea).
- ↑ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24642.jsp?menu=m_30_40
- ↑ http://korea.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=851&lang_id=ENG
- ↑ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070803/1_24642.jsp?menu=m_30_40
- 1 2 "Diplomatic Relations Established Between Georgia And Antigua And Barbuda". Government of Antigua and Barbuda. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "The Bahamas and Georgia establish diplomatic ties". TheBahamasWeekly. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia, Botswana establish diplomatic relations". Trend.az. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations Between Georgia and Canada". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia, Central African Republic Establish Diplomatic Relations". Georgian Journal. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia and the Union of the Comoros established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia Establishes Diplomatic Ties with DR Congo". Civil.ge. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia and the Commonwealth of Dominica established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Dominican Republic and Georgia establish diplomatic relations". Dominican Today. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations Between Georgia and the Arab Republic of Egypt". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgian embassy in Cairo
- ↑ "Georgia and Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 24 June 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and Eritrea establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Georgia and Fiji established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia and Gambia established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and Grenada establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ Georgia and Guatemala establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Georgia Establishes Diplomatic Ties with Guinea-Bissau". The Financial. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia has established diplomatic relations with Guyana". GeorgiaTimes.info. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Georgia and Haiti establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Georgia and Honduras established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 9 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and Mali establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Mauritius and Georgia established diplomatic relations". Business Mega Mauritius. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia and Mexico established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- ↑ Embassy of Georgia in Mexico City (in English, Georgian and Spanish)
- ↑ Embassy of Mexico in Ankara, Turkey (in English, Spanish and Turkish)
- ↑ "Office location". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Georgian Daily. 12 August 2011 http://georgiandaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21740&Itemid=65. Retrieved 17 September 2011. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.ge/News/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90.aspx. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ "News - Embassy of Georgia to the Republic of Armenia". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Georgia and Republic of Paraguay established diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). 10 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia establishes diplomatic relations with Rwanda". Georgia Times. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and St. Kitts and Nevis establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Georgia established diplomatic relations with Saint Lucia". Georgia Times. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ Relations between Georgia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- ↑ "Georgia, Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations". Solomon Star. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia, Somalia establish diplomatic ties". Hurriyet. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ Georgia and South Sudan establish diplomatic relations
- ↑ "Suriname, Georgia establish diplomatic relations". Your Suriname News Source. 12 June 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia and Tuvalu established diplomatic relations". Georgian Daily. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- 1 2 Civil.ge (17 February 2012). "Georgia Cuts Diplomatic Ties with Tuvalu". Civil Georgia. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- 1 2 "Tuvalu Retracts Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Recognition". civil.ge. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
- ↑ "Tuvalu scraps recognition of Georgia breakaway regions". Business Standard/AFP (Tbilisi). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- ↑ Civil Georgia. "Civil.Ge - Georgia, Vanuatu Establish Diplomatic Ties". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Relations Between Georgia and the United States of America". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ United States-Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership. Civil Georgia. 9 January 2009
- ↑ Georgia-Macedonia relations
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Has recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence
- 1 2 "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Nicaragua". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- 1 2 3 "Georgia Cuts Ties with Nicaragua over S.Ossetia, Abkhazia Recognition". Civil.ge. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ↑ "Relations between Georgia and Russia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- 1 2 Georgia breaks relations with Russia
- ↑ Georgia and Palestine diplomatic relations
- ↑ Bilateral Relations
- ↑ LIST OF COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH GEORGIA
External links
- MFA of Georgia - Bilateral relations
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- The Permanent Mission of Georgia to the United Nations
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
- Georgia v. Russia Provisional Measures Order and President Rosalyn Higgins concurring and Joint Dissenting Opinion and ASIL