GOST 10859

In 1964 the GOST standards body of the Soviet Union defined the standard for encoding data. This standard allowed a variable character size, depending on the type of data being encoded.

GOST 10859 only allowed uppercase characters. Subsequent Soviet standards included lowercase:

1. GOST 19768/74
2. GOST 19768/87
3. GOST 13052

These include the non-ASCII "⏨" (Decimal Exponent Symbol U+23E8). It was used to express real numbers in scientific notation. For example: 6.0221415⏨23.

The "⏨" character was also part of the ALGOL programming language specifications and was incorporated into the then German character encoding standard ALCOR. GOST 10859 also included numerous other non-ASCII characters/symbols useful to ALGOL programmers, e.g.: ∨, ∧, ⊃, ≡, ¬, ≠, ↑, ↓, ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, ° & ∅. c.f. ALGOL operators.

The "␡" character served the same function as the "␡" in 7-bit ASCII.

4-bit code: Binary-coded decimal

	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	0 00 0	1 01 1	2 02 2	3 03 3	4 04 4	5 05 5	6 06 6	7 07 7	8 10 8	9 11 9	+ 12 10	− 13 11	/ 14 12	, 15 13	. 16 14	DEL 17 15

5-bit code: with BCD & mathematical operators

	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	0 00 0	1 01 1	2 02 2	3 03 3	4 04 4	5 05 5	6 06 6	7 07 7	8 10 8	9 11 9	+ 12 10	− 13 11	/ 14 12	, 15 13	. 16 14	SP 17 15
1_	⏨ 20 16	↑ 21 17	( 22 18	) 23 19	× 24 20	= 25 21	; 26 22	[ 27 23	] 30 24	* 31 25	‘ 32 26	’ 33 27	≠ 34 28	< 35 29	> 36 30	DEL 37 31

6-bit code: with only Cyrillic upper-case letters

	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	0 00 0	1 01 1	2 02 2	3 03 3	4 04 4	5 05 5	6 06 6	7 07 7	8 10 8	9 11 9	+ 12 10	- 13 11	/ 14 12	, 15 13	. 16 14	SP 17 15
1_	⏨ 20 16	↑ 21 17	( 22 18	) 23 19	× 24 20	= 25 21	; 26 22	[ 27 23	] 30 24	* 31 25	‘ 32 26	’ 33 27	≠ 34 28	< 35 29	> 36 30	: 37 31
2_	А 40 32	Б 41 33	В 42 34	Г 43 35	Д 44 36	Е 45 37	Ж 46 38	З 47 39	И 50 40	Й 51 41	К 52 42	Л 53 43	М 54 44	Н 55 45	О 56 46	П 57 47
3_	Р 60 48	С 61 49	Т 62 50	У 63 51	Ф 64 52	Х 65 53	Ц 66 54	Ч 67 55	Ш 70 56	Щ 71 57	Ы 72 58	Ь 73 59	Э 74 60	Ю 75 61	Я 76 62	DEL 77 63

7-bit code: Cyrillic & Latin upper-case letters

Cyrillic and Latin letters with identical (A, B, C, E, H, K, M, O, P, T, X) and similar (Y/У) glyphs were unified.

	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	0 000 0	1 001 1	2 002 2	3 003 3	4 004 4	5 005 5	6 006 6	7 007 7	8 010 8	9 011 9	+ 012 10	- 013 11	/ 014 12	, 015 13	. 016 14	SP 017 15
1_	⏨ 020 16	↑ 021 17	( 022 18	) 023 19	× 024 20	= 025 21	; 026 22	[ 027 23	] 030 24	* 031 25	‘ 032 26	’ 033 27	≠ 034 28	< 035 29	> 036 30	: 037 31
2_	А 040 32	Б 041 33	В 042 34	Г 043 35	Д 044 36	Е 045 37	Ж 046 38	З 047 39	И 050 40	Й 051 41	К 052 42	Л 053 43	М 054 44	Н 055 45	О 056 46	П 057 47
3_	Р 060 48	С 061 49	Т 062 50	У 063 51	Ф 064 52	Х 065 53	Ц 066 54	Ч 067 55	Ш 070 56	Щ 071 57	Ы 072 58	Ь 073 59	Э 074 60	Ю 075 61	Я 076 62	D 077 63
4_	F 100 64	G 101 65	I 102 66	J 103 67	L 104 68	N 105 69	Q 106 70	R 107 71	S 110 72	U 111 73	V 112 74	W 113 75	Z 114 76	‾ 115 77	≤ 116 78	≥ 117 79
5_	∨ 120 80	∧ 121 81	⊃ 122 82	¬ 123 83	÷ 124 84	≡ 125 85	% 126 86	◊ 127 87	| 130 88	— 131 89	_ 132 90	! 133 91	" 134 92	Ъ 135 93	° 136 94	' 137 95
6_	→ 140 96	← 141 97	? 142 98	↓ 143 99	∅ 144 100	± 145 101	∇ 146 102
7_																DEL 177 127

6-bit code: with only Latin upper-case letters

	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_	0 00 0	1 01 1	2 02 2	3 03 3	4 04 4	5 05 5	6 06 6	7 07 7	8 10 8	9 11 9	+ 12 10	- 13 11	/ 14 12	, 15 13	. 16 14	SP 17 15
1_	⏨ 20 16	↑ 21 17	( 22 18	) 23 19	× 24 20	= 25 21	; 26 22	[ 27 23	] 30 24	* 31 25	‘ 32 26	’ 33 27	≠ 34 28	< 35 29	> 36 30	: 37 31
2_	A 40 32	B 41 33	C 42 34	D 43 35	E 44 36	F 45 37	G 46 38	H 47 39	I 50 40	J 51 41	K 52 42	L 53 43	M 54 44	N 55 45	O 56 46	P 57 47
3_	Q 60 48	R 61 49	S 62 50	T 63 51	U 64 52	V 65 53	W 66 54	X 67 55	Y 70 56	Z 71 57	∨ 72 58	∧ 73 59	⊃ 74 60	¬ 75 61	÷ 76 62	DEL 77 63

References

• http://www.science.uva.nl/museum/DWcodes.php – on punch card
• http://www.science.uva.nl/museum/DWcodes.html#A059 – encoded
• http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/80col.html#gost