Georgetown University Astronomical Observatory

Georgetown University Astronomical Observatory
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Observatory in September 2010
Location	Georgetown, Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°54′29.95″N 77°4′38.19″W / 38.9083194°N 77.0772750°WCoordinates: 38°54′29.95″N 77°4′38.19″W / 38.9083194°N 77.0772750°W
Built	1841—1843
Architect	James Curley
Architectural style	Greek Revival
NRHP Reference #	73002087
Added to NRHP	July 2, 1973

The Georgetown University Astronomical Observatory (also the Heyden Observatory and Francis J. Heyden Observatory) was founded in 1841 by Father James Curley of the Department of Physics at Georgetown College. Father Curley chose a site on the College grounds, planned the building, and supervised its construction to its completion in 1844.^[1] Costs were initially paid by Rev. Thomas Meredith Jenkins, S.J., and Rev. Charles H. Stonestreet, S.J., who were Georgetown professors at the time. The Observatory was used in 1846 to determine the latitude and longitude of Washington, D.C., which Curley determined to be longitude 38°54′26N and latitude 5^h8^m18.29^s.^[2]

In 1850, Benedict Sestini used the Observatory to make a series of sunspot drawings, which were engraved and published (44 plates) as "Appendix A" of the Naval Observatory volume for 1847, printed in 1853. In 1888, Johann Georg Hagen was named director. He was responsible for the installation of the 12-inch equatorial telescope with which for twenty years he observed and gathered data on variable stars. This instrument is still in continuous use. In 1928, Paul McNally became director. Francis J. Heyden, S.J. became director in 1945, and continued research into solar eclipses. In 1972, Georgetown University closed its Department of Astronomy, and the Observatory was used by the Georgetown University Astronomical Society. Light pollution from surrounding Washington, D.C. has limited viewing celestial bodies from the location.

On July 2, 1973, the Observatory was designated as a U.S. national landmark National Register of Historic Places. The Georgetown University Astronomical Society has, with support of Department of Physics and Georgetown University, periodically sponsored renovation of the Heyden Observatory, which is now primarily used by the Laboratory of Entomology and Biodiversity directed by Edward M. Barrows.^[3] The Heyden Memorial Garden is on the east and north sides of the Observatory. The Garden has a conservation garden with native species; formal gardens; ponds with fish, frogs, water plants, and other biota; and trees including American Beech, Crapemyrtle, Eastern Redcedar, and English Oak. The conservation garden is a Monarch Butterfly way station. In 1989, as part of GU's bicentennial celebration, Professor Donald M. Spoon, who had a lab in the Observatory at the time, organized the dedication of the garden. Father Heyden attended the ceremony. At the time, the garden was full of hundreds of Iris species and cultivars, including new ones that Professor Spoon bred. Currently, Observatory Hill likely has thousands of species of archaens, bacteria, and eurkaryans, including animals, fungi, plants, and protistans. About 20 pollinator species regularly visit flowers on the Hill.

Currently the Observatory is operated and maintained by the Georgetown University Astronomical Society.

List of directors

• James Curley (1843)
• Johann Georg Hagen (1888)
• Edward C. Phillips
• Paul McNally (1928)
• Francis J. Heyden (1948)

References

1. "About Us". Georgetown University Astronomical Society. 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
2. Fargis, G.A. (1895). "Georgetown College Observatory, 1843-1893". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 7 (41): 89–97. Bibcode:1895PASP....7...89F. doi:10.1086/121000.
3. "The Georgetown University Observatory". The Biodiversity Database of the Washington, D.C., Area. 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2010.

External links

• Location on Georgetown University campus