Greek Braille

Greek Braille is the braille alphabet of the Greek language. It is based on international braille conventions, generally corresponding to Latin transliteration. In Greek, it is known as Κώδικας Μπράιγ Kôdikas Mpraig "Braille Code".

There are actually two Greek braille alphabets, which differ in the assignment of a few letters: Modern Greek Braille used in Greece, and International Greek Braille for Greek letters or words used in mathematics or otherwise embedded in English and other languages.

Modern Greek Braille

Modern Greek Braille
Type	alphabet
Languages	Greek
Parent systems	Braille English Braille Modern Greek Braille
Print basis	Greek alphabet

Modern Greek Braille runs as follows:^[1]

Letters

Basic print alphabet

α	β	γ	δ	ε	ζ	η	θ	ι	κ	λ	μ
ν	ξ	ο	π	ρ	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω

Letters for print digraphs

αι	ει	οι	υι	αυ	ευ	ηυ	ου

Punctuation and formatting

.	,	'	; ?	:	-
Parenthesis		Open quote	Close quote	Capital	Accent

The accent mark (acute accent) comes before the vowel or diphthong, but after the capitalization sign: ⠐⠁ ά, ⠨⠐⠁ Ά, ⠐⠣ αί. It's not used for diaeresis; ϊ is just ⠊.

Numbers

Digits are the same as in English Braille. Arithmetical symbols are:

+	−	*	/	=

International Greek Braille

International Greek Braille
Type	alphabet
Languages	Greek
Parent systems	Braille English Braille International Greek Braille
Print basis	Greek alphabet

International letter assignments differ somewhat from those above. In Modern Greek Braille, for example, the letter omega is written the same as Latin jay, whereas in English or French braille texts it is written as a double-u, which it resembles in print (ω ~ w). Similarly, Modern Greek upsilon is written as Latin wye, but in international Greek it's written as u, and the letter eta is inverted.

This alphabet is used, for example, in mathematical notation in an otherwise Latin-braille text. It also forms the basis for Greek letters in the Nemeth Braille and Gardner–Salinas braille codes. It is not used in Greece or Cyprus.^[2] In the table below, the letters which differ from Modern Greek Braille are highlighted.

Greek letters found in English Braille text

α	β	γ	δ	ε	ζ	η	θ	ι	κ	λ	μ
ν	ξ	ο	π	ρ	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω

The Modern Greek diphthongs are not used. In addition, there are assignments for obsolete letters used in Greek numerals:

Obsolete letters^[2][3]

ϛ[4]	ϡ[4]	ϝ	ϙ/ϟ

Polytonic

International Greek braille does, however, represent the polytonic vowels of ancient forms of the language, either as a separate accent mark with the normal vowel signs, or as a single braille cell for vowel+accent. Polytonic vowels sharing a braille pattern with obsolete letters are highlighted in the table.

Polytonic letters^[2]

	Accent	α	ε	η	ι	ο	υ	ω
Acute ´ (oxia)
Circumflex ῀ (perispomeni)			-			-
Grave ` (varia)

References

1. Kouroupetroglou & Phlôrias, "Ελληνικο συστημα Braille", in Επιστμονικα συμβολα κατα Braille στον Ελληνικο χωρο
2. UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
4. Sampi and stigma are here shown as they appear in Unesco (2013), as this makes more sense in terms of international norms than the previous reference, which has them inverted.