Gulf Tower
| Gulf Tower | |
|---|---|
|
Gulf Tower, from US Steel Tower | |
| General information | |
| Type | Offices |
| Architectural style | Art Deco |
| Location |
707 Grant Street Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°26′33″N 79°59′43″W / 40.44250°N 79.99528°WCoordinates: 40°26′33″N 79°59′43″W / 40.44250°N 79.99528°W |
| Construction started | 1930 |
| Completed | 1932 |
| Cost |
US$10.05 million ($142.6 million today) |
| Height | |
| Roof | 177.4 m (582 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 44 |
| Floor area | 409,320 sq ft (38,027 m2) |
| Lifts/elevators | 15 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect |
Trowbridge & Livingston Edward Mellon |
| Developer | Andrew W. Mellon |
| Structural engineer | McClintic-Marshall Construction Company |
| Main contractor | Mellon-Stuart |
| Designated | 1973[1] |
| References | |
| [2][3][4] | |
Gulf Tower is a 44-story, 177.4 m (582 ft) Art Deco skyscraper in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[5] The tower is one of the major distinctive and recognizable features of the city and is named for the Gulf Oil Corporation, which was one of the leading multinational oil companies of its time, consistently ranking among the largest 10 corporations in the country. In 1984, Gulf and Chevron took part in the world's largest merger ($13.3 billion or $30.3 billion today) to that time.
Built as the headquarters for the Gulf Oil Company, and known as the Gulf Building, the structure was designed by the firm of Trowbridge & Livingston and completed in 1932 at a cost of $10.05 million ($142.6 million today). As late as 1981 Gulf Oil employed 3,100 within the building.[6] Now called Gulf Tower, it has 44 floors and rises 177.4 m (582 ft) above Downtown Pittsburgh. The crown of the skyscraper is modeled after the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus in the style of a step pyramid. The building was listed as a Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark in 1973.[7]
On June 13, 1974, a bomb was detonated on the 29th floor of the Gulf Tower.[8] The Weather Underground Organization took credit for the attack claiming it was in protest to Gulf Oil's involvement in the oil rich regions affected by the Angolan War of Independence.
Lighting
Prior to the late 1970s, the entire multistory "step-pyramid/mausoleum" structure at the top of the building was neon-illuminated, changing colors to provide a weather forecast that could be seen for many miles.[9] This concept was developed by the building manager Edward H. Heath. He used the Gulf Oil colors to create a simplified forecast: steady blue meant colder and fair; flashing blue meant colder with precipitation; steady orange meant warmer and fair; flashing orange meant warmer with precipitation. Subsequently, in an effort to conserve energy, the weather forecasting role had been limited to the weather beacon at the pinnacle of the pyramid, which would glow blue for precipitation and red for fair weather. Although the terraced sides were once again illuminated at night (by means of spotlights), the entire pyramid structure no longer changed color with the weather (the pinnacle beacon still had that function).
| Blue – steady | – | precipitation & rising temperature | |
| Blue – flashing | – | precipitation & falling temperature | |
| Orange red – steady | – | fair weather & rising temperature | |
| Orange red – flashing | – | fair weather & falling temperature |
Since 2001, the opening of PNC Park across the Allegheny River, fans have noticed that after Pittsburgh Pirates home-runs, the "beam" light flashes in celebration. Recently it was revealed that the afternoon and evening receptionist at the lobby desk was the one responsible for this fan favorite, following the games on her cabinet radio. The slogan "Flash the beam, Regina – that one's out of here!" has gained popularity among Pirates fans recently.[10]
The KDKA Weather Beacon, the most recent weather beacon to adorn the pyramid atop the tower, was officially dedicated on July 4, 2012. In partnership with KDKA-TV, the Gulf Tower has been retrofit with a modern, automated LED weather beacon that will tell a more complete forecast than ever before. It will also feature holiday displays. Hearkening back to the original 1950's beacon, the entire pyramid will once again change colors at night depending on the current weather conditions. The new color-coded, tiered system works as such:[11]
Floor By Floor Breakdown
- 44th floor – temperature
- 43rd floor – temperature
- 42nd floor – temperature
- 41st floor – precipitation
- 40th floor – humidity
- 39th floor – wind speed
| Dark blue | – | <0 °F (−18 °C) | |
| Med blue | – | 0 to 32 °F (−18 to 0 °C) | |
| Light blue | – | 33 to 49 °F (1 to 9 °C) | |
| Amber | – | 50 to 65 °F (10 to 18 °C) | |
| Orange | – | 66 to 79 °F (19 to 26 °C) | |
| Red | – | >80 °F (27 °C) |
| Red purple | – | >.25 in (0.64 cm) | |
| Blue purple | – | ≤.25 in (0.64 cm) |
| Light green | – | <50% | |
| Dark green | – | ≥50% |
| Magenta | – | >10 mph (16 km/h) | |
| Pink | – | ≤10 mph (16 km/h) |
See also
References
- ↑ Historic Landmark Plaques 1968–2009 (PDF). Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ↑ Gulf Tower at Emporis
- ↑ "Gulf Tower". SkyscraperPage.
- ↑ Gulf Tower at Structurae
- ↑ Conti, John (May 4, 2013). "Art Deco style survives in Pittsburgh — if you look around". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Beaver County Times – Google News Archive Search". Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ↑ "Historic Landmark Plaques: 1968–2009" (PDF). Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ↑ Craig Smith (March 27, 2010). "Ayers' talk kept quiet at Pitt". The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Gulf Building 1930–1932". City of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ↑ "A paperweight maybe?". Postgazette.com. 2005-06-13. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "How To Read The KDKA-TV Weather Beacon Atop Gulf Tower". 2 July 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Further reading
- Toker, Franklin (2007). Buildings of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: Chicago: Society of Architectural Historians; Santa Fe: Center for American Places ; Charlottesville: In association with the University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-2650-5.
- 1987 feature on Tower's history and transition from Gulf Oil
- 1989 news feature
- 1990 news feature
External links
Media related to Gulf Tower at Wikimedia Commons
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Philadelphia City Hall |
Tallest building Pennsylvania 177 metres (581 ft) 1932–1970 |
Succeeded by U.S. Steel Tower |
| Preceded by Grant Building |
Tallest building in Pittsburgh 177 metres (581 ft) 1932–1970 |
Succeeded by U.S. Steel Tower |
| Preceded by Tower at PNC Plaza |
Pittsburgh Skyscrapers by Height 582 feet (177 m) 44 floors |
Succeeded by Oxford Centre |
| Preceded by Grant Building |
Pittsburgh Skyscrapers by Year of Completion 1932 |
Succeeded by Cathedral of Learning |
