Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose

Stephen Melrose and Nick Spanos

Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose were Australian tourists shot dead in the Netherlands by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on 27 May 1990, which claimed to have mistaken them for off-duty British soldiers.[1] The attack was part of an IRA campaign in mainland Europe.

Background

British military personnel had been stationed in West Germany since the end of World War II. The Provisional IRA had been carrying out attacks in mainland Europe since 1979. Between 1988 and 1990 it intensified its operations there. On 1 May 1988, three members of the Royal Air Force (RAF) were killed in two IRA attacks in the Netherlands. One of the attacks took place in Roermond.[2] In August, a British sergeant-major was shot dead at Ostend, Belgium.[3] In June 1989, a British base in Osnabrück was bombed[4] and the following month a British soldier was killed by an IRA booby trap bomb in Hanover.[5]

Cars owned by British military personnel in Germany had distinctive licence plates, which helped the IRA identify targets.[6][7] In August 1988, following the killing of the three RAF members, they were replaced with standard British licence plates.[8][9] Critics of the move warned that British tourists would be at risk as their cars would be indistinguishable from soldiers' cars.[8]

On 7 September 1989 German civilian Heidi Hazell, the wife of a British soldier, was shot dead as she sat in a car outside a British Army married quarter in Unna.[5] The car had British licence plates.[10] The IRA expressed regret for the death and claimed she had been shot "in the belief that she was a member of the British army garrison at Dortmund".[10][11]

On 28 October 1989, IRA members opened fire on the car[5][12] of RAF corporal Mick Islania. The corporal had just returned to the car from a petrol station snack bar[13] in Wildenrath. Also in the car were his wife Smita and their six-month-old daughter Nivruti.[12] Corporal Islania was hit by multiple rounds and died instantly; his daughter was killed by a single shot to the head. Smita Islania suffered shock.[12] The IRA expressed regret for the child's death and claimed its members did not know she was in the car.[14]

The shooting

Nick Spanos (28) and Stephen Melrose (24) were Australian lawyers, based in London. They were in the Netherlands on a four-day holiday with Vicky Coss (Spanos's girlfriend) and Lyndal Melrose (Stephen's wife). On the night of 27 May 1990, the two couples had a meal at a restaurant in the town of Roermond, near the border with Germany. The town was popular with off-duty British servicemen stationed in Germany;[15] the Royal Air Force (RAF) bases of RAF Wildenrath, RAF Bruggen and JHQ Rheindahlen are nearby. As they returned to their car,[1] at about 11PM, Spanos and Melrose were shot dead by two men clad in black with automatic weapons.[15] The women were unhurt.[15][16] The car used by the gunmen was found burnt-out in Belgium.[15]

Aftermath

The IRA claimed responsibility the next day. Its statement said that its members mistook the two men for off-duty British soldiers and called the shooting "a tragedy and a mistake".[15] The car used by Spanos and Melrose had British licence plates, and Dutch police believed this may have led to them being targeted.[1] Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke described the statement of regret as "twisted, too late and meaningless."[17]

Five days after the attack, the IRA shot dead Michael Dillon-Lee, a British Army major, in Dortmund. Two weeks later, it bombed a British Army base at Hanover.[18]

Paul Hughes (born Newry, 1958), Donna Maguire (born Newry, 1963), Sean Hick (born Glenageary, 1956), and Gerard Harte (born Lurgan, 1956)[16] were arrested in Belgium in June 1990, and were later charged with the murders of Spanos, Melrose and Major Dillon-Lee.[19] Harte was convicted of the murders of Spanos and Melrose and sentenced to 18 years in prison, but his conviction was overturned on appeal.[16] The other three were acquitted of the Roermond murders, but then extradited to Germany and tried for the murder of Major Dillon-Lee. All three were acquitted as well, although Maguire was remanded and later convicted of taking part in bombing a British Army base in the Osnabrück mortar attack.[20][21] Evidence also linked Desmond Grew, an IRA volunteer later shot dead by the Special Air Service, to the group.[22]

It emerged during the German trial of Hughes, McGuire, Hick and Harte that the AK47 assault rifle used to kill Major Dillon-Lee had also been used in the attack on the Islanias. An AK47 was also used in the attack on Hazell.

Australian ban on Gerry Adams

In 1996, Gerry Adams attempted to travel to Australia to promote a book. On 8 November of that year, immigration minister Phillip Ruddock announced that Adams would be denied entry to Australia because, in the opinion of the Australian Government, he was still associated with the IRA. Ruddock said that the IRA "conducted criminal terrorist acts and bombings", and that the Immigration Act allowed him to refuse entry to members of criminal organizations.[23] It has been speculated[24] that Adams was banned due to the killings of Spanos and Melrose, which caused widespread revulsion in Australia.

Subsequent activity by Melrose family

In August 2010, Stephen Melrose's parents and sister visited Stormont to "find answers about his murder". They were greeted by Ulster Unionist Party MLA, David McNarry, but denied a meeting by both deputy First Minister, Martin McGuinness and Sinn Féin President, Gerry Adams.[25] Speaking to the Belfast Telegraph, Melrose's sister, Helen Jackson, said the refusals of McGuinness and Adams "spoke volumes." She went on to say that:

"We feel that, basically, justice was never done. The people who killed Stephen are walking the street, living life, like us. How can that happen? We are just wondering how the system works, that that can be allowed to happen. Stephen was a lawyer, he deserves justice, everybody does.

Eighty-year-old Roy Melrose stated:

"We just wanted to find out if we could get any answers as to why the murderers of our son were let off. We feel that time heals a lot. We’ve looked at it that our son is a hero, that helps us a lot, thinking that way. He is a hero. I think there seems to be a lot of forgotten victims."

Before traveling to Northern Ireland, the family visited the murder scene in the Netherlands for the first time.[26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "IRA says it mistakenly killed two Australian tourists". Associated Press. 28 May 1990. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "3 British Servicemen Are Killed In I.R.A. Attacks in Netherlands". The New York Times. 2 May 1988. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  3. ↑ Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland: 1988. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN)
  4. ↑ "Suspected IRA volunteer charged over German bomb". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 22 February 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland: 1989, CAIN.ulst.ac.uk; accessed 6 August 2014.
  6. ↑ Secret squad sent in to track down IRA killers, Glasgow Herald, May 3, 1988
  7. ↑ "IRA ATTACK BRINGS CALL FOR CHANGES". The Miami Herald, 3 May 1988; retrieved 8 March 2013.
  8. 1 2 "BRITAIN HOPES NEW AUTO PLATES WILL COUNTER ATTACKS BY IRA". St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 August 1988. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  9. ↑ "IRA guerrillas kill Navy officer". Lewiston Daily Sun, 24 August 1988; retrieved 8 March 2013.
  10. 1 2 "I.R.A. Gunman Kills Wife of a Briton", The New York Times, 9 September 1989; retrieved 4 March 2013.
  11. ↑ "Woman's Killing A Mistake, IRA Says". Los Angeles Times, 9 September 1989; retrieved 4 March 2013.
  12. 1 2 3 Taylor, Peter (2001). Brits: The War Against the IRA. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 303. On 26 October 1989, two IRA gunmen with automatic weapons opened fire on a car at Wildenrath, in Germany, as it stopped at a petrol station snack bar. The driver, Corporal Maheshkumar Islania, was not a soldier but a member of the Royal Air Force, supervising the RAF communications centre at Wildenrath. Corporal Islania tried to drive away but was pursued by the gunmen, firing repeatedly. He was not alone in the car. With him was his wife and six-month-old baby daughter, Nivruti Mahesh. She was shot once through the head and became one of the youngest victims to die in the conflict. Her father was hit many times. Her mother survived, although in deep shock.
  13. ↑ Operation Banner 1969-2007, Roll of Honour; retrieved 5 March 2013. Quote: "Maheshkumar was a member of the Royal Air Force (RAF) when killed. The brief circumstances of the death are as follows: Shot during gun attack on his family car, Wildenrath, West Germany. His 6 month old daughter (Nivruti Mahesh Islania) was also killed from a single shot during the IRA attack. His wife survived the attack physically uninjured, but in great shock. Mahesh (known to colleagues as Mick) was a Cpl in the RAF (joined in 1974) and had just collected a meal from a takeaway beside a petrol station when 2 men approached on foot, opening fire with automatic weapons. West German police suspected the attackers included Desmond Grew who was later shot by the SAS in 1990."
  14. ↑ "IRA kills British airman, daughter". Los Angeles Times. 28 October 1989. Retrieved 1 March 2013. The outlawed Irish Republican Army claimed responsibility for the killing of a British airman and his 6-month-old daughter in West Germany. In a statement issued in Dublin, the guerrilla group expressed regret for the infant's death and said its members were unaware of her presence when they opened fire. West German police are hunting two IRA gunmen after Royal Air Force Cpl. Maheshkumar Islania, 34, and his daughter were shot in a car parked outside a gas station near the RAF base at Wildenrath.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "IRA Admits 2 Killings Were a Tragic Mistake". Deseret News. 29 May 1990. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  16. 1 2 3 "Twenty Years On, A Family's Question Still Remains: Why Did The IRA Kill Our Sons?". Sunday Tribune. 22 August 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  17. ↑ Ruth Dudley Edwards (16 October 2011). "Ruth Dudley Edwards: Victims of Troubles haven't gone away, you know". Irish Independent. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  18. ↑ "Bomb explodes at British Army training area". Associated Press, 15 June 1990; retrieved 4 March 2013.
  19. ↑ MacKinnon, Ian (1 June 1994). "Court set to clear suspected IRA terrorist". The Independent. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  20. ↑ "German court frees IRA bomber Donna Maguire", The Independent, 29 June 1995; retrieved 4 March 2013.
  21. ↑ "Bomber Donna's Fury as IRA Shoot Brother". The Guardian. 12 November 2000. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  22. ↑ "Dutch prosecutor urges court to 'give IRA killers 20 years'". The Herald. 13 March 1991. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  23. ↑ The Independent, 9 November 1996, "Australia bans Gerry Adams over IRA links"; retrieved 6 March 2013.
  24. ↑ The Irish Independent, 16 October 2011, "Victims of Troubles haven't gone away, you know"; retrieved 6 March 2013.
  25. ↑ "Parents of 'forgotten' IRA victim in appeal for justice". The Belfast Telegraph, 7 August 2010; retrieved 2 March 2013.
  26. ↑ "Parents of IRA victim in appeal for justice", belfasttelegraph.co.uk; accessed 6 August 2014.

Further reading

External links

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