Osteosclerosis

Osteosclerosis
Sclerosis of the bones of the pelvis due to prostate cancer metastases
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	M85.8, Q77.4
ICD-9-CM	756.52
DiseasesDB	15823
MeSH	D010026

Osteosclerosis is a type of osteopetrosis that involves abnormal hardening of bone^[1] and an elevation in bone density.^[2] It can be a pathology, normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity; that is, where more mineral is present in the bone to absorb or deflect the X-ray beam. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by injuries that compress the bone, by osteoarthritis, and osteoma.

It is associated with:

• Prostate cancer metastasis
• Melorheostosis
• Osteopetrosis
• Osteopoikilosis
• Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis
• Skeletal fluorosis
• Schnitzler syndrome^[3]
• Monoclonal IgM Kappa cryoglobulinemia^[4]

It can also be associated with Hepatitis C.^[5]

In the animal kingdom there also exists a non-pathological form of osteosclerosis, resulting in unusually solid bone structure with little to no marrow. It is often seen in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters,^[6] providing ballast as an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle. It makes bones heavier, but also more fragile. In those animal groups osteosclerosis often occurs together with bone thickening (pachyostosis). This joint occurrence is called pachyosteosclerosis.

• 
  Sclerosis of the bones of the thoracic spine due to prostate cancer metastases (CT image)
• 
  Sclerosis of the bones of the thoracic spine due to prostate cancer metastases (CT image)

See also

• Pachyostosis
• Pachyosteosclerosis

References

1. "Osteosclerosis - Pediatrics". Retrieved 2015-09-29.
2. "Medcyclopaedia - Osteosclerosis". Retrieved 2007-12-23.
3. Niederhauser, BD; Dingli, D; Kyle, RA; Ringler, MD (July 2014). "Imaging findings in 22 cases of Schnitzler syndrome: characteristic para-articular osteosclerosis, and the "hot knees" sign differential diagnosis.". Skeletal radiology. 43 (7): 905–15. doi:10.1007/s00256-014-1857-y. PMID 24652142.
4. Soubrier, M; Dubost, JJ; Jouanel, P; Tridon, A; Flori, B; Leguille, C; Ristori, JM; Bussière, JL (1994). "[Multiple complications of monoclonal IgM].". La Revue de medecine interne / fondee ... par la Societe nationale francaise de medecine interne. 15 (7): 484–6. doi:10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81474-2. PMID 7938961.
5. Fiore CE, Riccobene S, Mangiafico R, Santoro F, Pennisi P (2005). "Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO): report of a new case with involvement of the OPG/RANKL system". Osteoporos Int. 16 (12): 2180–4. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1858-8. PMID 15983730.
6. Houssaye, A. (2009). "Pachyostosis" in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4(4): 325-340.