Sherwood Foresters

Sherwood Foresters (Derbyshire Regiment)
Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)

Cap Badge of the Sherwood Foresters
Active 1881–1970
Country  United Kingdom
Branch British Army
Type Infantry
Role Line infantry
Size 1-2 Regular battalions
2 Militia and Special Reserve battalions
2-4 Territorial and Volunteer battalions
Up to 13 Hostilities-only battalions
Garrison/HQ Normanton Barracks, Derby
Anniversaries Badajoz (6 April)
Alma (20 September)

The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence for just under 90 years, from 1881 to 1970. In 1970 the regiment was amalgamated with the Worcestershire Regiment to form the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment which was later, in 2007, amalgamated with the Cheshire Regiment and the Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) to form the present Mercian Regiment. The lineage of the Sherwood Foresters is now continued by the 2nd Battalion, Mercian Regiment.

Early history

The regiment was formed on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms.[1] The 45th (Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot (raised in 1741) and the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot (raised in 1823) were redesignated as the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Sherwood Foresters (Derbyshire Regiment).[2] The Derbyshire and Royal Sherwood Foresters (Militia regiments became the 3rd (Reserve) and 4th (Extra Reserve) battalions respectively. These were joined by the 1st and 2nd (Derbyshire) and the 3rd (Robin Hood) and 4th (Nottinghamshire) Volunteer battalions.[2]

Memorial for G Collins of the Sherwood Foresters, giving the full title of the regiment

Following the amalgamation, the Sherwood Foresters saw action in Egypt during the Anglo-Egyptian War and in South Africa during the Second Boer War.[3]

The 2nd Battalion served in India from 1882 to 1898, and saw action in the Sikkim Expedition 1888 and the North West Frontier campaign 1897-1898, after which they transferred to Aden. They were stationed at Malta from February 1900 until returning home in May 1902.[4][5]

In 1902, the Nottinghamshire association was made explicit, the name changing to the Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment).[2]

When the Territorial Force was created in 1908, the four Volunteer Battalions became the 5th (Derbyshire), 6th, 7th (Robin Hoods) and 8th Battalions respectively.

First World War

Regular Army

Bomb carrying party of the 1st Battalion, Sherwood Foresters going up to the front line at La Boisselle, France, 6 July 1916.

The 1st battalion landed at Le Havre as part of the 24th Brigade in the 8th Division in November 1914 for service on the Western Front.[6]

The 2nd battalion landed at Saint-Nazaire as part of 18th Brigade in the 6th Division in September 1914 also for service on the Western Front.[6]

Territorial Force

The 1/5th, 1/6th, 1/7th and 1/8th battalions landed in France as part of the Sherwood Foresters Brigade in the North Midland Division (later 139th (Sherwood Foresters) Brigade and 46th (North Midland) Division respectively) in February 1915 for service on the Western Front.[6][7] The 2nd-Line TF battalions formed on the outbreak of war, the 2/5th, 2/6th, 2/7th and 2/8th battalions, moved to Ireland as part of the 178th (2/1st Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire) Brigade in the 59th (2nd North Midland) Division in April 1916.[6] During the Easter Rising in Ireland, the 2/7th and 2/8th battalions lost over two hundred men killed or wounded at Mount Street on 26 April and at the South Dublin Union on 27 April.[8] The 2/5th, 2/7th and the 2/8th battalions transferred to Le Havre in February 1917 for service on the Western Front while the 2/6th battalion transferred to Boulogne-sur-Mer in February 1917 also for service on the Western Front. 3rd-Line TF battalions (3/5h, 3/6th, 3/7th and 3/8th) were also formed to train drafts for the battalions overseas. The 21st Battalion was formed from Home Service men of the TF.[6]

New Armies

Men of the Sherwood Foresters following up the Germans near Brie, March 1917.

The 9th (Service) Battalion landed at Suvla Bay as part of the 33rd Brigade in the 11th (Northern) Division in August 1915; it was evacuated from Gallipoli to Egypt in December 1915 and then moved to France in July 1916 for service on the Western Front.[6] The 10th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 51st Brigade in the 17th (Northern) Division in July 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[6] The 11th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 70th Brigade in the 23rd Division in August 1915 before transferring to Italy in November 1917 and then to France in September 1918.[6] The 12th (Service) Battalion (Pioneers) landed in France as pioneer battalion for the 24th Division in August 1915 for service on the Western Front.[6] The 15th (Service) Battalion (Nottingham) landed in France as part of the 105th Brigade in the 35th Division in February 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[6] The 16th (Service) Battalion (Chatsworth Rifles), which had been formed by the Duke of Devonshire, and the 17th (Service) Battalion (Welbeck Rangers), which had been formed by the Lord Mayor of Nottingham, both landed at Le Havre as part of the 117th Brigade in the 39th Division in March 1916 also for service on the Western Front. There were three other short-lived New Army battalions of the regiment: the 18th (Service) Battalion (a Bantam unit), the 19th (Reserve) Battalion and the 20th (Labour) Battalion.[6]

Between the wars

In 1920 Sherwood Foresters were in Flensburg-Mürwik at the Naval Academy Mürwik to supervise the elections to the Schleswig plebiscites.[9][10]

In December 1936 the 46th (North Midland) Division was disbanded and its headquarters was reconstituted as 2nd Anti-Aircraft Division to control the increasing number of anti-aircraft (AA) units being created north of London. At the same time, several of its infantry battalions were converted into searchlight battalions of the Royal Engineers (RE). The 6th and 7th Bns Sherwood Foresters were among these, becoming 40th (The Sherwood Foresters) Anti-Aircraft Battalion and 42nd (The Robin Hoods, Sherwood Foresters) AA Bn respectively, forming part of 32nd (South Midland) Anti-Aircraft Group in 2 AA Division.[11]

Second World War

After garrison service in the interwar years, the Sherwood Foresters next saw action in the Second World War. The regiment served in the Norwegian Campaign, the Battle of France, Dunkirk, the North African and the Italian campaigns. They also saw action in the Far East. Nearly 27,000 men served in the regiment's 17 battalions, suffering officers and men 1,500 killed in action. The regiment won 10 battle honours and 400 decorations, including a Victoria Cross. Other battalions saw service in Italy and North Africa.[12]

1st Battalion

The 1st Battalion was serving in the Middle Eastern theatre and fought in the North African Campaign and the Western Desert Campaign on the outbreak of war, and was assigned to many different brigades and divisions until late June 1942 when, fighting in Tobruk, the battalion was captured. The few survivors of the battalion returned to the United Kingdom. In September the 1st Battalion was reformed, by the redesignation of the 16th Battalion, a hostilities-only battalion.[13] In August 1944 the new 1st Battalion was transferred to the 183rd Infantry Brigade, part of the 61st Infantry Division and in June 1945 it transferred to the 184th Infantry Brigade, again part of 61st Infantry Division.[14]

2nd Battalion

Men of the 2nd Battalion, Sherwood Foresters firing a captured German MG 42 machine gun, Tunisia, 27 April 1943.

The 2nd Battalion, Sherwood Foresters was serving in the 3rd Infantry Brigade, part of the 1st Infantry Division, with which the battalion would remain with throughout the war. The division was sent to France in September 1939 shortly after the outbreak of the war, joining the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The battalion remained in France until May 1940 when the Germans invaded the Low Countries. They took part in the short but bitter fighting and were forced to be evacuated at Dunkirk as the BEF was in danger of being surrounded and overrun. They were evacuated to England and spent the next two years on home defence and in preparation for a German invasion which never arrived. In early 1943 the division was sent to North Africa where it became part of the British First Army and took part in the final stages of Tunisian Campaign. In January 1944 they took part in the landings at Anzio, under command of U.S. Fifth Army, where they suffered extremely heavy casualties in some of the fiercest fighting of the Italian Campaign so far, and later fighting during Operation Diadem and on the Gothic Line. They fought in Italy until January 1945 when they were sent to Palestine and remained there until the end of the war.[15]

1/5th (Derbyshire) Battalion

The 1/5th (Derbyshire) Battalion was a 1st-Line Territorial Army formation originally serving with the 148th Infantry Brigade, part of the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division. However, in December 1939, the battalion was reassigned to the 25th Infantry Brigade and saw service with the BEF in France and Belgium in 1940 and being evacuated at Dunkirk. In late 1940 it was again reassigned to the 55th Infantry Brigade, 18th Infantry Division. The battalion, along with the rest of the 18th Division, was posted to Malaya to defend the peninsula and the island of Singapore against the Japanese. After Singapore fell to the Imperial Japanese Army, the battalion's men were among the thousands of Prisoners of war sent to work on the infamous Burma Railway.[12]

40th (Sherwood Foresters) Anti-Aircraft Battalion

see main article High Peak Rifles

In August 1940 the AA battalions of the Royal Engineers were transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) and the battalion became 40th (Sherwood Foresters) Searchlight Regiment, RA, serving through the Battle of Britain and The Blitz. In June 1943 it was converted again, becoming the 149th (Sherwood Foresters) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA and transferred to the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division in Home Forces before joining British Second Army for the Allied invasion of Europe Operation Overlord. The regiment landed in August 1944 and served through the North-West Europe campaign, particularly at the Allied Siege of Dunkirk and the Rhine crossing (Operation Plunder).[16][17]

42nd (Robin Hoods, Sherwood Foresters) Anti-Aircraft Battalion

see main article Robin Hood Rifles

Similarly,in August 1940 this battalion became the 42nd (Robin Hoods, Sherwood Foresters) Searchlight Regiment, RA, serving through The Blitz in 50th Anti-Aircraft Brigade of 2nd AA Division, covering Derby. It went to North-West Europe and served in the defence of Antwerp against V-1 flying bomb attacks during the winter of 1944–45.[18][19][20][21][22]

8th Battalion

The 8th (Nottinghamshire) Battalion was mobilised in the 148th Infantry Brigade alongside the 1/5th Battalion on the outbreak of war, attached to the 49th (West Riding) Division. It fought in Norway in 1940, and then served as a garrison in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 1942, the brigade was reorganised as a Training brigade.[23]

2/5th (Derbyshire) Battalion

The 2/5th (Derbyshire) Battalion was formed a 2nd-Line duplicate of the 1/5th Battalion, raised in 1939 when the Territorial Army was doubled in size. It was renamed the 5th Battalion after the loss of the 1/5th in Malaya in February 1942. It served in the 139th Infantry Brigade, part of the 46th (West Riding) Infantry Division, in France (see 9th Battalion), Tunisia, Italy and Greece.[2][24]

9th Battalion

On the outbreak of the Second World War, the 9th Battalion was in the process of formation as a duplicate of the 8th Battalion. Based at Bulwell near Nottingham, the battalion was commanded by Claude Lancaster, MP, a former officer in the Royal Horse Guards.[25] The battalion was assigned to the 139th Infantry Brigade, alongside the 2/5th (Derbyshire) Battalion and 2/5th Leicestershire Regiment of the 46th Infantry Division, which, like several other '2nd Line' Territorial divisions, went to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France for training and labour duties in April 1940.[26] However, when the German Army attacked and broke through the following month, 46th Division was sent into action. On 29 May, 139 Brigade joined 'Macforce' holding the canal line near Carvin. As the 'pocket' shrank towards Dunkirk, 46th Division was ordered inside the perimeter on 27 May. On 29 May, 9th Foresters were sent to reinforce the garrison at the fortified town of Bergues, 9 km south of Dunkirk.[27] The Germans were unable to enter Bergues until 2 June, and 9th Foresters was one of the last units to leave Dunkirk and be evacuated from France.[28]

The 9th Battalion left 46th Division in December 1940, and shortly afterwards became the lorried infantry element alongside the artillery of 1st Support Group in 1st Armoured Division.[29] However, on 1 November 1941, the battalion was converted to the armoured car role as 112th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps. In common with other infantry units transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, personnel would have continued to wear their Foresters cap badge on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps,[30] and the regiment continued to add the parenthesis '(Foresters)' after the RAC title.[31] Lieutenant-Colonel Lancaster remained in command during this period before returning to the House of Commons.[28]

112 RAC was assigned to the 42nd Armoured Division as its armoured car regiment. It left the division in February 1943[32] and later became a draft-finding unit for other armoured car regiments fighting in the Normandy Campaign. 112 RAC ceased to exist on 14 October 1944, when it reverted to the title of 9th Foresters, which was placed in suspended animation.[33] The last entry in the War Diary notes:

The history of this Regiment is a pure example of the complete inefficiency of 'A' Branch at the War Office, in as much as many hundreds of officers and men have wasted valuable years of their lives training for precisely nothing.[34]

10th (Home Defence) Battalion

The 10th (Home Defence) Battalion was raised for home defence in 1939 and, like most other home service units, would mainly have had consisted of men with military experience who were too old or medically unfit for active service overseas, or from younger soldiers who themselves were not old enough to be conscripted (the age for conscription being 20 at the time). The battalion was disbanded in 1941.[2]

12th Battalion

The 12th Battalion was a hostilities-only unit raised in 1940.[2] In 1942, it was sent to India, where it carried out internal security duties at Delhi. On 1 January 1944, it moved to Delawari and came under the command of the 52nd Infantry Brigade, whose role was training British infantrymen in jungle warfare.[35]

13th Battalion

The 13th Battalion was a hostilities-only unit raised in 1940.[2] In 1942, it was sent to India, where it was converted to the armoured role as 163rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps.[36] In common with other infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, the personnel of 163 RAC would have continued to wear their Foresters cap badge on the black beret of the Royal Armoured Corps.[37]

163 RAC was stationed at Rawalpindi under command of 267th Indian Armoured Brigade. However, there was a change of policy and, on 1 December 1944 (also reported as 1 December 1943), the regiment was re-converted to infantry, reverting to its previous title of 13th Sherwood Foresters and coming under command of 67th Indian Training Brigade.[38]

14th Battalion

The 14th Battalion was a hostilities-only unit raised in 1940[39] that went on to see active service in the Middle East (Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq) and Italy. It was first assigned to the 218th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), formed for Home Service in the Yorkshire Area, but was soon reassigned to be the lorried infantry[40] component alongside the artillery of 8th Support Group in the newly raised 8th Armoured Division. In 1942, the division went round by sea to Suez, but, on arrival in July, it was broken up and 14th Foresters were sent to join the 9th Independent Armoured Brigade, with which it fought at the Second Battle of El Alamein under the command of 2nd New Zealand Division.[41]

In January 1943, the 14th Foresters went to join the 7th Armoured Brigade refitting in Persia and Iraq Command. In the summer of 1943, the battalion returned to North Africa to join the 18th Infantry Brigade in the 1st Armoured Division. In February 1944, the brigade sailed to Italy and took part in the Anzio campaign (February–May 1944) under the command of the 1st Infantry Division. In August, the brigade returned to the 1st Armoured Division and was engaged in the operations at Coriano in September. By now, the brigade's infantry battalions were badly depleted and, due to the lack of replacements in the Mediterranean, the 14th Foresters was reduced to a cadre and transferred to the non-operational 168th (London) Infantry Brigade, before being disbanded.[42]

15th (Home Defence) Battalion

The 15th Battalion was raised for Home Defence in 1940 and disbanded in 1941.[2]

16th Battalion

The 16th Battalion was formed by the re-designation of the 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion in September 1942. The new 16th battalion transferred to the 162nd Infantry Brigade and later the 222nd Infantry Brigade.[43] On 1 January 1943 the 16th Battalion was re-designated as the 1st Battalion.[13]

70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion

In 1940, the 70th (Young Soldiers) Battalion was stationed at Holme Pierrepont Hall, near Radcliffe-on-Trent, Nottingham. Like all other Young Soldiers battalions, this was formed to take volunteers around the ages of 18 and 19 who had not yet reached the compulsory age of conscription, which was 20 at the time. In September 1942, the 70th was redesignated as the 16th Battalion.[44]

Postwar

In 1948 the regiment became part of the Midland Brigade, known as the Forester Brigade from 1958. In the postwar period, the 1st battalion Sherwood Foresters served in Germany, Egypt and Libya. In 1958, the battalion saw action in Malaya and, in 1963, in Cyprus. The 2nd battalion served in Palestine and Germany.[45]

Amalgamation

In 1970, the Sherwood Foresters were amalgamated with the Worcestershire Regiment to form the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment (29th/45th Foot).[46]

Memorial

Crich Stand

A Memorial Tower for those of the regiment who died in battle, was erected in 1923 at the summit of Crich Hill in Derbyshire. Built on the site of an older tower called Crich Stand, the Memorial Tower is the destination of an annual pilgrimage on the first Sunday in July. It is 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, and has 52 steps to the top. From there eight counties can be seen, including landmarks such as the Humber Bridge and Lincoln Cathedral.[47]

Alliances

In 1931, the Sherwood Foresters were officially allied with the Simcoe Foresters (35th Regiment of Infantry), Canadian Militia.[48]

East Midlands Universities Officer Training Corps

The Sherwood Foresters' stable belt continues to be used by the East Midlands Universities Officer Training Corps.[49]

Battle honours

Victoria Crosses

The following members of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:

Notes

  1. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24992. pp. 3300–3301. 1 July 1881.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 T.F. Mills, Regiments.org: Sherwood Foresters, accessed January 2013.
  3. ↑ "Derbyshire Regiment (Sherwood Foresters)". Anglo-Boer War. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  4. ↑ "The War - embarkation of troops". The Times (36066). London. 15 February 1900. p. 4.
  5. ↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times (36774). London. 22 May 1902. p. 8.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Sherwood Foresters". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  7. ↑ Anon, The Robin Hoods.
  8. ↑ Western Front Association (2012). "The Battle of Mount Street Bridge, Dublin, 1916".
  9. ↑ Gerhard Nowc (11 August 2010). "100 Jahre Marineschule: Geschichte der Schule - shz.de". shz. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  10. ↑ Dieter-Jürgen Mehlhorn: Architektur in Schleswig Holstein. Vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Kiel/Hamburg 2016, Seite 140
  11. ↑ 2nd AA Division at British Military History
  12. 1 2 "History". Museum of the Mercian Regiment. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  13. 1 2 "BBC - WW2 People's War - History of the Sherwood Foresters". Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "1st Bn, The Sherwood Foresters: Service". Archived from the original on 7 January 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "1st Infantry Division" (PDF). British Military History. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  16. ↑ "149 (Sherwood Foresters) Light AA Rgt RA(TA)". Blue Yonder. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  17. ↑ Routledge, pp. 314–63.
  18. ↑ "RA 1939-45 42 SL Rgt". Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  19. ↑ "RA 39-45 2 AA Div". Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "The Robin Hood Battalion, The Sherwood Foresters [UK]". Archived from the original on 27 December 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  21. ↑ Joslen, p. 463.
  22. ↑ Routledge, p. 341.
  23. ↑ Joslen, p. 333.
  24. ↑ Joslen, p. 325.
  25. ↑ Monthly Army List September 1939.
  26. ↑ Joslen, pp. 75–6, 325.
  27. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 35305. p. 5899. 10 October 1941.
  28. 1 2 Obituary to Colonel C.G. Lancaster, Times 27 July 1977.
  29. ↑ Joslen, pp. 213, 215, 325.
  30. ↑ Forty pp. 50–1.
  31. ↑ War Diary 112th Regt RAC, November–December 1941, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 166/1429.
  32. ↑ Joslen, p. 29.
  33. ↑ "Royal Armoured Corps [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  34. ↑ War Diary 112th Regt RAC, January–October 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 166/14603.
  35. ↑ Joslen pp. 292, 543.
  36. ↑ Joslen p. 497.
  37. ↑ Forty pp. 50–51.
  38. ↑ Joslen pp. 497, 543.
  39. ↑ "The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  40. ↑ "The role of lorried Infantry". Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  41. ↑ Joslen, pp. 168, 219, 381, 573.
  42. ↑ Joslen, pp. 158, 230–1, 244–5.
  43. ↑ Bellis 1994, p. 70
  44. ↑ "THIS photograph of the 70th Young Soldiers Battalion Sherwood Foresters was taken in 1940 at Holme Pierrepont Hall. - Nottingham Post". Nottingham Post. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  45. ↑ "Sherwood Foresters". British Army units1945 on. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  46. ↑ "Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment". British Army units 1945 on. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  47. ↑ Crich Memorial, official site
  48. ↑ "Regimental History". The Grey and Simcoe Foresters. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  49. ↑ "Stablebelts". Retrieved 13 February 2016.

References

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