Timeline of Lima

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lima, Peru.

Prior to 19th century

• 1535
  • Ciudad de los Reyes founded by Francisco Pizarro.^[1]
  • Cathedral of Lima construction begins.^[2]
• 1541
  • 26 June: Francisco Pizarro assassinated.^[1][3]
  • Catholic Diocese of Lima established.^[4]
• 1542 – Spanish Real Audiencia established.^[5]
• 1548 – Jerónimo de Loayza becomes Catholic Archbishop of Lima.^[6]
• 1549 – Municipal Palace of Lima built.
• 1551 – University of San Marcos founded.^[2]
• 1555 - Artisan guilds established (approximate date).^[7]
• 1565 – Casa de Moneda de Lima (mint) established.^[2]
• 1581 – Antonio Ricardo sets up printing press.^[8]
• 1586 – 1586 Lima–Callao earthquake.^[9]
• 1613 - Consulado (merchant guild) begins operating.^[10][11]
• 1625 – Cathedral of Lima consecrated.^[2]
• 1655 - 13 November: 1655 Peru earthquake.^[12]
• 1671
  • Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados (Lima) (church) built.^[6]
  • Rose of Lima canonized as a religious saint.^[12]
• 1687
  • 1687 Peru earthquake.
  • Lima City Walls built.
• 1700 – Population: 37,234.^[13]
• 1746 – 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake.^[2]
• 1768 – Plaza de toros de Acho (bullring) constructed.^[2]
• 1791 – Population: 52,627.^[13]
• 1799 – Callao-Lima highway constructed.^[13]

19th century

• 1808 – Public cemetery established.^[13]
• 1812 – Population: 63,900.^[13]
• 1820 – Treasure of Lima reputedly removed from city.
• 1821 - Lima taken by forces of José de San Martín; Peruvian independence from Spanish Empire declared.^[14]
• 1822 - National Library of Peru founded.^[15]
• 1828 – Earthquake.^[16]
• 1838 – July: Political unrest.^[16]
• 1839 – El Comercio newspaper begins publication.^[17]
• 1854
  • Medical Society founded.^[18]
  • Yellow fever epidemic.^[16]
• 1856 – Saint Cecilia Philharmonic Society formed.^[18]
• 1860
  • April: Earthquake.^[16]
  • Lima Stock Exchange and Artisan Mutual Aid Society^[18] founded.
• 1861 – Peru National Archive established.^[19]
• 1865 - November: City taken by anti-Spanish forces during the Chincha Islands War.^[3]
• 1867 - Fabrica de Chocolate Cavenago y Cortazar established.^[20]
• 1868 – Club de la Union founded.
• 1870 – Lima City Walls dismantled.^[9]
• 1872 – Palacio de la Exposición built;^[2] International Exposition held.^[3]
• 1876
  • Escuela Especial de Construcciones Civiles y Minas established.^[21]
  • Population: 101,488.^[1]
• 1881 – Occupation of Lima by Chilean forces begins.^[1][22]
• 1883 – Occupation of Lima by Chilean forces ends.^[1]
• 1886
  • Ateneo de Lima established.^[21]
  • Teatro Olimpo (theatre) inaugurated.^[23][24]
• 1888 – Sociedad Geografica de Lima founded.^[21]
• 1897 – Estadio Guadalupe opens.
• 1898 – Instituto Tecnico e Industrial del Peru inaugurated.^[21]

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1903 – Sociedad Empleados de Comercio organized.^[25]
• 1906
  • Museo de Historia Nacional opens.^[21]
  • Lima Cricket and Football Club active.
• 1907 – Lima Philharmonic Society founded.
• 1908 - Population: 140,884.^[26]
• 1914 – Teatro Colón (theatre) inaugurated.^[24]
• 1918 - Museum of Natural History, Lima established.
• 1923 – Museum of Italian Art inaugurated.
• 1924 – Archbishop's Palace of Lima built.
• 1929 – Teatro Municipal established.
• 1933 - Jardín botánico Octavio Velarde Núñez (garden) established.^[27]
• 1935 – Lima Municipal Library established.^[19]
• 1936 – Cine Metro (cinema) opens.^[28]
• 1938
  • Government Palace built.
  • National Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1939 – Legislative Palace built on Paseo Colón (Lima).
• 1940 – Avenida Abancay constructed.^[9]
• 1944 – Municipal Palace of Lima rebuilt.

1950s-1990s

• 1958 – Cine El Pacifico (cinema) in Miraflores built.^[28]
• 1959
  • Cementerio El Ángel (cemetery) established.
  • Pastelería San Antonio in business.^[29]
• 1962 – University of Lima founded.
• 1964 - 24 May: Estadio Nacional disaster.^[30]
• 1966 – 17 October: 1966 Peru earthquake.^[9]
• 1969 - Perú Negro (musical group) formed.^[31]
• 1981 - City partnered with Austin, Texas, USA.^[32]
• 1984 - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement active.
• 1988 – Historic Centre of Lima designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[9]
• 1991 – November 3: Barrios Altos massacre.
• 1992
  • 16 July: Tarata bombing.
  • La Cantuta massacre.
• 1996
  • 17 December: Japanese embassy hostage crisis begins.
  • Alberto Andrade Carmona becomes mayor.
• 1997 – Jockey Plaza shopping centre in Surco in business.
• 1998 - Orchestra of the University of Lima founded.
• 1999 – Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne becomes Catholic Archbishop of Lima.

21st century

• 2001 – Chocavento Tower built.
• 2002 – 21 March: Bombing near U.S. embassy.^[14]
• 2003 – Luis Castañeda Lossio becomes mayor.
• 2004
  • 25 July: 2004 Copa América Final football tournament held.
  • Camisea Gas Project begins operating.^[14]
• 2007 – Population: 7,605,742; metro 8,472,935.
• 2010 – El Metropolitano bus transit system begins operating.
• 2011
  • Lima Metro begins operating.
  • Susana Villarán becomes mayor.
• 2013 - Air pollution in Lima reaches annual mean of 48 PM2.5 and 88 PM10, more than recommended.^[33]

See also

• History of Lima
• List of mayors of Lima
• Years in Peru

References

1. Chambers 1901.
2. Britannica 1910.
3. Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Peru", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via Hathi Trust
4. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Peru". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
5. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 615, OL 5812502M
6. Osorio 2008.
7. "Central and Southern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
8. Antonio Rodriguez-Buckingham (1978). "Establishment, Production, and Equipment of the First Printing Press in South America". Harvard Library Bulletin. 26.
9. "Historic Centre of Lima". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
10. Ralph Lee Woodward Jr. (2013) [2005], "Merchant Guilds", in Cynthia Clark Northrup, Encyclopedia of World Trade, Routledge, ISBN 9780765682680
11. Marks 2004.
12. "South America, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
13. Marley 2005.
14. "Peru Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
15. Sergio Chaparro-Univazo (2011), "Peru", Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd ed.), Taylor & Francis(subscription required)
16. Townsend 1867.
17. "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
18. García-Bryce 2003.
19. Robert Wedgeworth, ed. (1993). "Peru". World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services. American Library Association. p. 655+. ISBN 978-0-8389-0609-5.
20. William Gervase Clarence-Smith (2003). Cocoa and Chocolate, 1765-1914. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-60778-5.
21. Carnegie Institution 1908.
22. Christine Hunefeldt (2004). "Chronology". A Brief History of Peru. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-0828-5.
23. Yori 1990.
24. David Pino (ed.). "Lima La Única (blog)" (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 March 2014.
25. Parker 1992.
26. "Peru". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
27. "Garden Search: Peru". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
28. "Movie Theaters in Lima, Peru". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles, California: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
29. Darra Goldstein, ed. (2015). Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-931362-4.
30. Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
31. "Peru's African Heritage, Celebrated With Gusto", New York Times, 25 February 2004 – via LexisNexis Academic (subscription required)
32. "Sister and Friendship Cities Program". USA: City of Austin. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
33. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva

This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Portrait of Manuel Atanasio Fuentes, Lima historian, 19th century

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Amédée-François Frézier (1735), "Description of the City of Lima", A Voyage to the South-Sea, and Along the Coasts of Chili and Peru, in the Years 1712, 1713, and 1714, London: Christian Bowyer
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Lima", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• Richard Brookes (1820), "Lima", General Gazetteer (17th ed.), London: F.C. and J. Rivington
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Lima". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "Lima", Peru and Chile, The Modern Traveller, 28, London: J.Duncan
• Clements R. Markham (1856), Cuzco ... and Lima, London: Chapman and Hall, OCLC 5299560
• Manuel Atanasio Fuentes (1866), Lima, London: Trübner & Co., OCLC 3435633
• Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Lima". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. 3. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
• George Henry Townsend (1867), "Lima", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• William Eleroy Curtis (1888), "Lima", The Capitals of Spanish America, New York: Harper & Bros.

Published in the 20th century

• "Lima". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
• "Peru: Lima". Handbook of Learned Societies and Institutions: America. USA: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1908.
• C. Reginald Enock (1908), "(City of Lima)", Peru, London: Unwin
• Alexander Garland (1908), "Lima and its Environs", Peru in 1906 and after (2nd ed.), Lima: "La Industria" Printing Office, OCLC 1353043
• "Municipal Organization in the Latin-American Capitals: Lima". Bulletin of the International Bureau of the American Republics. Washington, D.C.: International Union of American Republics. 28. May 1909.
• "Lima", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Charles Warren Currier (1911), "(Lima)", Lands of the Southern Cross: a Visit to South America, Washington, D.C.: Spanish-American Publication Society
• J.C. Grey (1913). "Lima". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
• United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce (1914), "Peru: Lima", Trade Directory of South America for the Promotion of American Export Trade, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, OCLC 5821807
• Annie Smith Peck (1916), "Lima", South American Tour, New York: G.H. Doran, OCLC 4541554
• "Lure of Lima, City of the Kings", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 57, 1930
• Dietz, Henry. Poverty and problem-solving under military rule: the urban poor in Lima, Peru. Austin : University of Texas Press, 1980. ISBN 0-292-76460-X
• David S. Parker (1992). "White-Collar Lima, 1910-1929: Commercial Employees and the Rise of the Peruvian Middle Class". Hispanic American Historical Review. 72. JSTOR 2515947.

Published in the 21st century

• Ramón, Gabriel. "The script of urban surgery: Lima, 1850–1940". In Arturo Almandoz (ed.), Planning Latin America's capital cities, 1850–1950. New York: Routledge, 2002, pp. 170–192. ISBN 0-415-27265-3
• Steve J. Stein (2002). "The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima". In Joseph L. Arbena; David G. LaFrance. Sport in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2821-9.
• Iñigo García-Bryce (2003). "Politics by Peaceful Means: Artisan Mutual Aid Societies in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Lima, 1860-1879". The Americas. 59. JSTOR 1008501.
• "Lima". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
• Walker, Charles. "The upper classes and their upper stories: architecture and the aftermath of the Lima earthquake of 1746". Hispanic American Historical Review 83 (1): 53–82 (February 2003).
• Patricia H. Marks (2004). "Confronting a Mercantile Elite: Bourbon Reformers and the Merchants of Lima, 1765-1796". The Americas. 60. JSTOR 4144490.
• Higgins, James. Lima: a Cultural History. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-517891-2
• David Marley (2005), "Lima", Historic Cities of the Americas, 1, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, pp. 796+, ISBN 1576070271
• Alejandra B. Osorio (2008). Inventing Lima: Baroque modernity in Peru's south sea metropolis. Americas in the Early Modern Atlantic World. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61248-8.

in Spanish

• Mariano Felipe Paz Soldán (1877). "Lima". Diccionario geográfico estadístico del Perú (in Spanish). Imprenta del Estado.
• Guia de domicilio é industrial de Lima [Residential and Business Directory of Lima] (in Spanish). 1887.
• Memoria de la Administracion Municipal de Lima (in Spanish). 1890.
• José Toribio Medina. La imprenta en Lima (1584-1824) (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile – via HathiTrust. 1904-1907 (4 volumes of titles published in Lima, arranged chronologically)
• Alejandro Yori (1990), Breve Historia de los Teatros Municipales (in Spanish), Municipalidad de Lima Metropolitana

External links

• Items related to Lima, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Lima, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Coordinates: 12°02′36″S 77°01′42″W / 12.043333°S 77.028333°W