Triangular bipyramid

For the related molecular geometrical structure, see Trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry.
Triangular bipyramid
TypeBipyramid
and
Johnson
J11 - J12 - J13
Schläfli symbol{ } + {3}
Coxeter diagram
Faces6 triangles
Edges9
Vertices5
Face configurationV3.4.4
Symmetry groupD3h, [3,2], (*223) order 12
Rotation groupD3, [3,2]+, (223), order 6
DualTriangular prism
PropertiesConvex, face-transitive
Net

In geometry, the triangular bipyramid (or dipyramid) is a type of hexahedron, being the first in the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids. It is the dual of the triangular prism with 6 isosceles triangle faces.

As the name suggests, it can be constructed by joining two tetrahedra along one face. Although all its faces are congruent and the solid is face-transitive, it is not a Platonic solid because some vertices adjoin three faces and others adjoin four.

The bipyramid whose six faces are all equilateral triangles is one of the Johnson solids, (J12). A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that have regular faces but are not uniform (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.[1] As a Johnson solid with all faces equilateral triangles, it is also a deltahedron.

Dual polyhedron

The dual polyhedron of the triangular bipyramid is the triangular prism, with five faces: two parallel equilateral triangles linked by a chain of three rectangles. Although the triangular prism has a form that is a uniform polyhedron (with square faces), the dual of the Johnson solid form of the bipyramid has rectangular rather than square faces, and is not uniform.

Dual triangular bipyramid Net of dual

The triangular bipyramid, dt{2,3}, can be in sequence rectified, rdt{2,3}, truncated, trdt{2,3} and alternated (snubbed), srdt{2,3}:

The triangular bipyramid can be constructed by augmentation of smaller ones, specifically two stacked regular octahedra with 3 triangular bipyramids added around the sides, and 1 tetrahedron above and below. This polyhedron has 24 equilateral triangle faces, but it is not a Johnson solid because it has coplanar faces. It is a coplanar 24-triangle deltahedron. This polyhedron exists as the augmentation of cells in a gyrated alternated cubic honeycomb. Larger triangular polyhedra can be generated similarly, like 9, 16 or 25 triangles per larger triangle face, seen as a section of a triangular tiling.

The triangular bipyramid can form a tessellation of space with octahedra or with truncated tetrahedra.[2]


Layers of the uniform quarter cubic honeycomb can be shifted to pair up regular tetrahedral cells which combined into triangular bipyramids.
The gyrated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb has pairs of adjacent regular tetrahedra that can be seen as triangular bipyramids.

See also

Family of bipyramids
Polyhedron
Coxeter
Tiling
Config. V2.4.4 V3.4.4 V4.4.4 V5.4.4 V6.4.4 V7.4.4 V8.4.4 V9.4.4 V10.4.4

References

  1. ↑ Johnson, Norman W. (1966), "Convex polyhedra with regular faces", Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 18: 169–200, doi:10.4153/cjm-1966-021-8, MR 0185507, Zbl 0132.14603.
  2. ↑ http://woodenpolyhedra.web.fc2.com/J12.html
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