U.S. Route 11 in Louisiana

U.S. Highway 11
Route of US 11 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Louisiana DOTD
Length:	31.146 mi[1] (50.125 km)
Existed:	1939 – present
Major junctions
South end:	US 90 in New Orleans
	I-10 in New Orleans US 190 in Slidell I-12 in Slidell I-59 in Pearl River
North end:	I-59 / US 11 at Mississippi state line south of Nicholson
Location
Parishes:	Orleans, St. Tammany
Highway system
United States Numbered Highway System List Bannered Divided Replaced Louisiana Highway System Interstate US State ← LA 10 I-12 →

U.S. Highway 11 in Louisiana (US 11) runs 31.11 miles (50.07 km) from the national southern terminus at US 90 in New Orleans to the Mississippi state line south of Picayune. The route parallels Interstate 10 (I-10) across Lake Pontchartrain and into Slidell, serving as that city's major north–south arterial. After crossing I-12, it parallels I-59 to Pearl River, at which point the two highways proceed concurrently across the state line.

The portion of US 11 between Slidell and Pearl River was once part of the Old Spanish Trail, an early auto trail that largely became the route of US 90 when the numbered U.S. Highway System was implemented in 1926.^[2] US 11 originally terminated in Mississippi just northwest of what is now the John C. Stennis Space Center.^[3][2] In 1937, US 90 was relocated onto a new route bypassing Slidell and Pearl River, significantly reducing the distance between New Orleans and the Mississippi Gulf Coast.^[4] US 11 was extended into Louisiana two years later over the former alignment of US 90, and the two routes proceeded concurrently into Downtown New Orleans.^[4] In 1951, US 11 was cut back to its current southern terminus at US 90 in Eastern New Orleans.^[5][6]

Until the construction of the Interstate Highway System in the area during the late 1950s to mid 1960s, US 11 was one of two major routes eastward out of New Orleans, the other being US 90. Both still serve as important alternate routes to I-10 when hurricanes threaten the area, as was perhaps most evident when, in August 2005, Hurricane Katrina heavily damaged the nearby I-10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain, rendering the crossing completely impassable for over six weeks.^[7] (The US 11 Bridge, constructed in 1928, had sustained only minor damage.) North of Pearl River, US 11 does not serve a similar function, however, since it was moved onto I-59 in 1965 and no longer retains a separate crossing over the west and east branches of the Pearl River.^[8][9]

Route description

From the south, US 11 begins at an intersection with US 90 (Chef Menteur Highway) in Eastern New Orleans between Michoud and Venetian Isles. It proceeds north as an undivided two-lane highway for 5.5 miles (8.9 km) through an area known as Irish Bayou to Point Aux Herbes, where it passes through an interchange with I-10 at Exit 254. US 11 immediately continues northeast onto the Maestri Bridge, a 4.8-mile-long (7.7 km) span across Lake Pontchartrain that parallels the I-10 Twin Span Bridge.^[3][10][11]

About midway across the lake, US 11 crosses from Orleans Parish (coextensive with the city of New Orleans) into St. Tammany Parish and begins to closely follow along the east side of the Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) trestle. Making landfall in North Shore, US 11 becomes known as Pontchartrain Drive and passes through the community of Eden Isle. US 11 gains a center turning lane at Oak Harbor Boulevard, and immediately afterward, the highway enters the city of Slidell and widens to accommodate a second lane in either direction.^[3][9][12]

In Slidell, US 11 curves to the northwest and intersects LA 433 (Old Spanish Trail). The center lane disappears, and the two highways become concurrent for a short distance until an intersection with Front Street. Here, US 11 turns back to the northeast alongside the Norfolk Southern Railway tracks while LA 433 continues straight ahead across the rail line. US 11 follows Front Street through Slidell's historic district and intersects US 190 Business at Fremaux Avenue, beginning a brief concurrency for several blocks to an intersection with mainline US 190 at Gause Boulevard. Here US 190 Business reaches its western terminus, and US 11 continues northward along Front Street, narrowing again to an undivided, two-lane highway. Just beyond Indiana Avenue, a local street, US 11 crosses to the west side of the Norfolk Southern tracks via an overpass. Proceeding north for 1.0 mile (1.6 km), US 11 reaches the northern limit of Slidell and enters a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-12 at Exit 83, briefly widening to a divided, four-lane highway. I-12 heads west toward Mandeville and Covington and east to a major interchange with I-10 and I-59.^[3][9][12]

Returning to two-lane capacity, US 11 continues north through a sparsely-developed area known as Alton and intersects LA 1091 (Robert Boulevard). 1.0 mile (1.6 km) later, US 11 enters the town of Pearl River and intersects LA 41 (Watts Road), which heads north toward Bogalusa. From this intersection, LA 3081 continues north along Main Street while US 11 turns southeast onto Concord Boulevard. Shortly afterward, US 11 enters an interchange with I-59 at Exit 3, which also marks the northern terminus of LA 1090 (Military Road). US 11 turns north to follow the on-ramp to I-59 and utilizes the interstate's alignment for the remainder of the distance in Louisiana.^[3][9][12]

After 1.5 miles (2.4 km), I-59/US 11 reaches Exit 5A, which forms the northern terminus of LA 3081 and provides another connection to Pearl River. Immediately following this interchange, the highway crosses the northern town limit and proceeds onto a bridge over the West Pearl River. Just north of the bridge is Exit 5B, an interchange with a local road known as Old US 11, part of the pre-interstate alignment that now serves the Pearl River Wildlife Management Area. I-59/US 11 proceeds northward through the Honey Island Swamp and, after 5.3 miles (8.5 km), reaches its final interchange, Exit 11 (Pearl River Turnaround). It then crosses the main branch of the Pearl River into Mississippi at a point 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Picayune.^[3][9][12]

Route classification and data

US 11 is generally classified as a rural or urban minor arterial by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD). However, the section in Slidell between LA 433 and I-12 serves as an urban principal arterial. Daily traffic volume in 2013 ranged between 12,000 and 18,500 vehicles for most of the route, peaking at 21,700 through downtown Slidell. The lowest figure reported was 3,900 vehicles through Irish Bayou, south of the Maestri Bridge. The posted speed limit is generally 55 mph (90 km/h) in rural areas, reduced to between 35 mph (55 km/h) and 45 mph (70 km/h) through town.^[13][3]

The portion of US 11 utilizing the route of I-59 is classified as an urban interstate through Pearl River and as a rural interstate northward to the state line. Daily traffic volume in 2013 peaked at 35,300 vehicles, and the posted speed limit is 70 mph (115 km/h).^[13][3]

History

Mississippi termini

As originally designated in November 1926, the southern terminus of US 11 was located in Santa Rosa, Mississippi^{[lower-alpha 1]} at a junction with US 90, the present intersection of Mississippi Highway 607 (MS 607) and Old US 11.^[2][4] At that time, US 90 followed the general route of US 11 through Slidell and Pearl River. After crossing the state line into Mississippi, US 90 intersected US 11 then curved back to the south, bypassing Pearlington on the way to Bay St. Louis.^[2] This route duplicated that of the Old Spanish Trail, an auto trail designated in 1916,^{[lower-alpha 2]} pre-dating the numbered U.S. Highway System. Since 1921, the Louisiana portion had also carried the designation of State Route 2, as did all of US 90 throughout the state.^{[lower-alpha 3][2][14]}

In December 1935, the current route of US 90 running directly between the Rigolets Bridge and Pearlington was opened, shortening the distance from New Orleans to the Mississippi Gulf Coast by 22 miles (35 km).^[15] Once US 90 was officially shifted onto the cutoff in June 1937,^{[lower-alpha 4][4]} US 11 was extended south to meet it at the present intersection of MS 604 and MS 607.^[16] The following year, a second cutoff was opened, placing US 90 on its current alignment between Pearlington and MS 607 west of Waveland.^[17][18] US 11 was again extended to intersect US 90, following MS 604 southward into Pearlington.^[18]

Extension into Louisiana

In June 1939, the Louisiana Highway Commission successfully petitioned the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) to have US 11 moved onto the former route of US 90 through Pearl River and Slidell and joined with US 90 to the intersection of Canal and North Broad Streets in New Orleans.^[4] From the original southern terminus at Santa Rosa, US 11 then followed what is known as Old US 11, now a largely abandoned local road, to the state line where it crossed a now-demolished bridge over the Pearl River. It then continued onto Old US 11 in Louisiana, locally maintained today as part of the Pearl River State Wildlife Management Area, to the site of the interchange with I-59 and the current route of US 11. Continuing southwest, US 11 crossed a second demolished bridge over the West Pearl River, entering the town of Pearl River. It then followed Main Street through town, state-maintained today as part of LA 3081 and LA 3081 Spur, and rejoined the present alignment at LA 41 (Watts Road).^[19][20] Maps from 1939 indicate that US 11 briefly continued along the former route of US 90, turning southeast onto LA 433 to an intersection with current US 90 at the Rigolets Bridge.^[19] Including the concurrency with US 90 into Downtown New Orleans, this routing would have represented the longest expanse of US 11 in Louisiana, totaling 51.8 miles (83.4 km).^[20]

The permanent re-routing of US 11 as approved by AASHO became effective on January 1, 1940.^[21] At this time, US 11 assumed its present routing across Lake Pontchartrain via the Maestri Bridge. Originally known as the Pontchartrain Bridge (or Watson-Williams Bridge, after its backers), the nearly 5 mile (8 km)-long span was opened on February 18, 1928 and initially operated as a toll bridge.^[22] The bridge was the subject of much controversy and was a hot issue in several political campaigns during the 1920s.^[23] Louisiana Governor Oramel H. Simpson successfully advocated for free bridges to be constructed for US 90 across Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets, and though the route was 7.0 miles (11.3 km) longer, the completion of the free spans in 1929 and 1930 led to the financial ruin of the toll bridge.^[23] In December 1938, the state of Louisiana purchased the Pontchartrain Bridge at auction,^{[lower-alpha 5]} eliminated the tolls, and re-named it after New Orleans' mayor, Robert S. Maestri.^{[lower-alpha 6][24]} Once US 11 was routed onto the Maestri Bridge, it continued south through Irish Bayou to its present southern terminus at US 90 and continued into town co-signed with US 90. The contemporary route of US 90 followed the current route from US 11 to Michoud; Old Gentilly Road to a point formerly known as Lee Station, where it rejoined Chef Menteur Highway; Chef Menteur Highway across the Industrial Canal and onto Gentilly Boulevard; Gentilly Boulevard to Paris Avenue; then south onto Paris and St. Bernard Avenues to North Broad Street; and finally, southwest onto North Broad Street to Canal Street.^[19][25] This routing of US 11 in Louisiana totaled 44.7 miles (71.9 km).^[26]

In May 1942, the opening of the Michoud Cutoff on Chef Menteur Highway bypassed the portion of Old Gentilly Road between Lee Station and Michoud, straightening the route of US 11-90 and eliminating two grade crossings.^[27][28] In 1951, the Louisiana Department of Highways eliminated several U.S. Highway concurrencies. US 51 and US 65 were removed from their concurrencies with US 61 into New Orleans, and US 11 was truncated to its present southern terminus near Irish Bayou. The number of U.S. Highway designations intersecting at Canal and North Broad Streets was thus reduced from five to two (US 61 and US 90).^[5][6][29]

Interstate 59

In July 1963, construction of I-59 was completed from Pearl River northward across the Mississippi state line with the opening of the I-59 West Pearl River Bridge.^[30] The US 11 West Pearl River Bridge, originally opened in 1926,^[31] was closed due to safety reasons in 1964 and slated for demolition.^[32] US 11 traffic was detoured onto I-59 via Exit 3 at LA 1090 (Military Road). This detour became permanent the following year with US 11 assuming its current routing co-signed with I-59 between Pearl River and Nicholson, Mississippi.^[33] The move was unpopular with the St. Tammany Parish police jury and with residents of Pearl River who would now have to travel several miles out of their way to reach Picayune, Mississippi.^[34] In response, the Louisiana Department of Highways reopened the bridge to local traffic only to declare it unsafe again in 1968.^[35] After further protests, the state made temporary repairs to the bridge to serve local traffic until an additional interchange was constructed to better connect the town with northbound I-59.^[36] Exit 5A on I-59/US 11 was opened in 1971 as part of LA 41 Spur (now LA 3081), and the old US 11 bridge was demolished.^[9][37]

Aborted extensions

Early expressway plans in New Orleans called for an "Eastern Expressway" branching off of US 11 at the foot of the Maestri Bridge and running parallel to US 90 toward Downman Road. During the 1950s and early 1960s, the projected route was labelled on some maps as "Alternate Route US 11." However, this designation was dropped once plans for the Interstate Highway System progressed, and the expressway was later constructed as a section of I-10. The portion from US 11 west to Paris Road was opened on April 24, 1967,^[38] and the portion from there west toward Downman Road was opened on October 18, 1972.^[39]

Another proposal in the 1960s was much grander in scale and called for US 11 to be extended along existing highways from New Orleans through Texas to the Mexican border. As the northern terminus of the highway has always been located at the Canadian border at Rouses Point, New York, US 11 would have been part of an international route connecting three countries. The proposed route through southwestern Louisiana was to be part of a revival and extension of an early auto trail known as the Hug the Coast Highway. Heading west from New Orleans, the route would have been concurrent with US 90 through Houma and Morgan City to New Iberia. It would then follow LA 14 to Abbeville and LA 82 to the Texas state line at Port Arthur. The route would then proceed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico through Galveston and Corpus Christi toward the Mexican border.^[40]

The Hug the Coast Highway Association worked with the Louisiana Department of Highways and the Texas Department of Transportation for over a decade to get the project off the ground. Louisiana made several improvements to its part of the route, most notably a high-level bridge across the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in Vermilion Parish. A 1964 press release by the Louisiana Department of Highways indicated that the designation was anticipated by the following year and that the highway would be available for travel to the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. However, other improvements necessary to meet the standards set by the AASHTO for U.S. Highway numbering did not come to fruition, and the project fizzled during the 1970s.^[40]

Major intersections

Note: Exit numbers reflect I-59 mileage only.

Parish	Location	mi[1]	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Orleans	New Orleans	0.000	0.000		US 90 (Chef Menteur Highway) – New Orleans, Gulfport	Southern terminus; location also known as Irish Bayou
		5.174– 5.833	8.327– 9.387		I-10 – New Orleans, Slidell	Exit 254 on I-10; at Point Aux Herbes
Lake Pontchartrain		5.891– 10.621	9.481– 17.093	Maestri Bridge
St. Tammany	Slidell	14.763	23.759		LA 433 east (Old Spanish Trail) to I-10	South end of LA 433 concurrency
		15.054	24.227		LA 433 west (Bayou Liberty Road)	North end of LA 433 concurrency
		15.782	25.399		US 190 Bus. east (Fremaux Avenue) to I-10	South end of US 190 Business concurrency
		16.419	26.424		US 190 (Gause Boulevard) to I-10	North end of US 190 Business concurrency; western terminus of US 190 Business (unsigned)
		17.982– 18.293	28.939– 29.440		I-12 – Hammond, Bay St. Louis	Exit 83 on I-12
	​	20.679	33.280		LA 1091 south (Robert Boulevard) – Haaswood	Northern terminus of LA 1091
	Pearl River	21.780	35.052		LA 41 north (Watts Road) – Bogalusa LA 3081 north (Main Street)	Southern terminus of LA 41 and LA 3081
	​	22.397– 23.244	36.044– 37.408	3	I-59 south – New Orleans LA 1090 south (Military Road)	South end of I-59 concurrency; northern terminus of LA 1090
	Pearl River	24.258– 24.724	39.039– 39.789	5A	LA 3081 south – Pearl River	Northern terminus of LA 3081
	​	24.804– 25.311	39.918– 40.734	Bridge over West Pearl River
	​	25.352– 25.853	40.800– 41.606	5B	Honey Island Swamp	Via Old US 11 (local road)
	​	30.726– 31.045	49.449– 49.962	11	Pearl River Turnaround	To Honey Island Swamp Road (local road)
	​	31.058– 31.133	49.983– 50.104	Bridge over Pearl River
	​	31.146	50.125		I-59 / US 11 north – Hattiesburg	Continuation in Mississippi
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus

Notes

1. This location is shown on some maps as Tigerville, Mississippi.
2. Though the route was conceived in 1915, its founding was observed in 1916, and the route was mapped that year.
3. The route also carried the hidden designation of State Route 1092, which overlapped all of the original alignment of State Route 2.
4. The original state designation for the Rigolets–Pearlington cutoff was State Route C-1334.
5. Now under state control, the bridge and its approaches was designated State Route C-1580.
6. Adding to the list of names, the bridge is primarily referred to locally as the Five-Mile Bridge or simply the Highway 11 Bridge.

References

1. "La DOTD GIS Data". Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. September 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
2. Mileage Map of the Best Roads of Louisiana (Map). Cartography by Clason Map Company. Clason Map Company. 1927.
3. Google (April 25, 2013). "Overview Map of US 11 in Louisiana" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
4. Weingroff, Richard F. (April 7, 2011). "U.S. 11 - Rouses Point, New York, to New Orleans, Louisiana". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
5. Louisiana 1949 (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1949.
6. Louisiana Highways (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1951.
7. Rioux, Paul (October 18, 2005). "Traffic snarls lost some ferocity - but congestion still plagues Causeway". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. p. 1.
8. Louisiana (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1963.
9. St. Tammany Parish (East Section) (PDF) (Map). Cartography by La DOTD Office of Multimodal Planning. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. February 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
10. Orleans Parish (PDF) (Map). Cartography by La DOTD Office of Multimodal Planning. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. February 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
11. District 02: Official Control Section Map / Construction and Maintenance (PDF) (Map). Cartography by La DOTD Office of Multimodal Planning. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. February 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
12. District 62: Official Control Section Map / Construction and Maintenance (PDF) (Map). Cartography by La DOTD Office of Multimodal Planning. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. February 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
13. "La DOTD GIS". Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
14. "Act No. 94, House Bill No. 203". State-Times. Baton Rouge. November 29, 1921. p. 9.
15. "Coast short-cut will be opened Friday morning". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. December 19, 1935. pp. 1–2.
16. Texaco Road Map: Arkansas/Louisiana/Mississippi (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. Texaco. September 1937.
17. "Contracts for Old Spanish highway stretch paving to be awarded Tuesday". Times-Picayune New Orleans States. New Orleans. September 26, 1937. pp. 1, 22.
18. Official Road Map of Louisiana (Map). Cartography by H.M. Goushá. Conoco. 1938.
19. Official Road Map of Louisiana (Map). Cartography by H.M. Goushá Company. Louisiana Tourist Bureau. 1939.
20. Google (April 25, 2013). "Historical Map of US 11 in Louisiana (1939-1940)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
21. "Highway routing numbers changed". Times-Picayune New Orleans States. New Orleans. July 23, 1939. p. 12.
22. "Tolls on bridge are $1.25 a car plus state tax". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. February 18, 1928. sec.2, p.2.
23. "Pontchartrain Bridge ordered sold at auction". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. November 17, 1938. p. 1.
24. "Bought by state on $600,000 bid, lake span to be 'Maestri Bridge'". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. December 20, 1938. p. 1.
25. Road Map of Louisiana (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1941.
26. Google (April 25, 2013). "Historical Map of US 11 in Louisiana (1940-1942)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
27. "Michaud[sic] short cut open to traffic; eliminates two grade crossings". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. May 9, 1942. p. 14.
28. Google (April 25, 2013). "Historical Map of US 11 in Louisiana (1942-1951)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
29. Google (April 25, 2013). "Historical Map of US 11 in Louisiana (1951-1965)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
30. "Dedication set for twin spans". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. July 1, 1963. sec.4, p.9.
31. "Bridge opening today shortens road to Mobile". Times-Picayune. New Orleans. November 22, 1926. p. 10.
32. "Burgess sees no difficulties in bridge close". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge. May 5, 1964. p. 14A.
33. Louisiana (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1965.
34. "St. Tammany persons testify in bridge case". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge. March 6, 1964. p. 6C.
35. "Dangerous condition forces closing of Pearl River bridge". State-Times. Baton Rouge. January 3, 1968. p. 2C.
36. "Hwy. 11 bridge is reconditioned". Morning Advocate. Baton Rouge. April 19, 1968. p. 2D.
37. Louisiana 1971 (Map). Cartography by Louisiana Department of Highways. Louisiana Department of Highways. 1971.
38. "N.O.-to-Slidell time cut as Interstate-10 opens". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. April 25, 1967. p. 12. ISSN 1055-3053.
39. "Opening is set of I-10 portion". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans. October 17, 1972. p. 16. ISSN 1055-3053.
40. "Redesignation of La. highway due this year". State-Times. Baton Rouge. January 28, 1964. p. 5C.

External links

Route map: Bing / Google

• La DOTD State, District, and Parish Maps