Isotopes of yttrium

Natural yttrium (Y) is composed of a single isotope ⁸⁹Y. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and ⁹¹Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-six unstable isotopes have been characterized.

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

Relative atomic mass: 88.90585(2)

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)[1][n 1]	daughter isotope(s)[n 2]	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)
	excitation energy
^76Y	39	37	75.95845(54)#	500# ns [>170 ns]
^77Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	p (>99.9%)	^76Sr	5/2+#
					β^+ (<.1%)	^77Sr
^78Y	39	39	77.94361(43)#	54(5) ms	β^+	^78Sr	(0+)
^78mY	0(500)# keV			5.8(5) s			5+#
^79Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β^+ (>99.9%)	^79Sr	(5/2+)#
					β^+, p (<.1%)	^78Rb
^80Y	39	41	79.93428(19)	30.1(5) s	β^+	^80Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s			(1−)
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) µs			(2+)
^81Y	39	42	80.92913(7)	70.4(10) s	β^+	^81Sr	(5/2+)
^82Y	39	43	81.92679(11)	8.30(20) s	β^+	^82Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			268(25) ns			4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			147(7) ns			6+
^83Y	39	44	82.92235(5)	7.08(6) min	β^+	^83Sr	9/2+
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	β^+ (60%)	^83Sr	(3/2−)
					IT (40%)	^83Y
^84Y	39	45	83.92039(10)	4.6(2) s	β^+	^84Sr	1+
^84mY	−80(190) keV			39.5(8) min	β^+	^84Sr	(5−)
^85Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β^+	^85Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	β^+ (99.998%)	^85Sr	9/2+
					IT (.002%)	^85Y
^85m2Y	266.30(20) keV			178(6) ns			5/2−
^86Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β^+	^86Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	IT (99.31%)	^86Y	(8+)
					β^+ (.69%)	^86Sr
^86m2Y	302.2(5) keV			125(6) ns			(7−)
^87Y	39	48	86.9108757(17)	79.8(3) h	β^+	^87Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	^87Y	9/2+
					β^+ (1.56%)	^87Sr
^88Y	39	49	87.9095011(20)	106.616(13) d	β^+	^88Sr	4−
^88m1Y	674.55(4) keV			13.9(2) ms	IT	^88Y	(8)+
^88m2Y	392.86(9) keV			300(3) µs			1+
^89Y[n 3]	39	50	88.9058483(27)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	^89Y	9/2+
^90Y[n 3]	39	51	89.9071519(27)	64.053(20) h	β^−	^90Zr	2−
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	IT (99.99%)	^90Y	7+
					β^− (.0018%)	^90Zr
^91Y[n 3]	39	52	90.907305(3)	58.51(6) d	β^−	^91Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT (98.5%)	^91Y	9/2+
					β^− (1.5%)	^91Zr
^92Y	39	53	91.908949(10)	3.54(1) h	β^−	^92Zr	2−
^93Y	39	54	92.909583(11)	10.18(8) h	β^−	^93Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	^93Y	7/2+
^94Y	39	55	93.911595(8)	18.7(1) min	β^−	^94Zr	2−
^95Y	39	56	94.912821(8)	10.3(1) min	β^−	^95Zr	1/2−
^96Y	39	57	95.915891(25)	5.34(5) s	β^−	^96Zr	0−
^96mY	1140(30) keV			9.6(2) s	β^−	^96Zr	(8)+
^97Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β^− (99.942%)	^97Zr	(1/2−)
					β^−, n (.058%)	^96Zr
^97m1Y	667.51(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β^− (99.3%)	^97Zr	(9/2)+
					IT (.7%)	^97Y
					β^−, n (.08%)	^96Zr
^97m2Y	3523.3(4) keV			142(8) ms			(27/2−)
^98Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β^− (99.669%)	^98Zr	(0)−
					β^−, n (.331%)	^97Zr
^98m1Y	170.74(6) keV			620(80) ns			(2)−
^98m2Y	410(30) keV			2.0(2) s	β^− (86.6%)	^98Zr	(5+,4−)
					IT (10%)	^98Y
					β^−, n (3.4%)	^97Zr
^98m3Y	496.19(15) keV			7.6(4) µs			(2−)
^98m4Y	1181.1(4) keV			0.83(10) µs			(8−)
^99Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β^− (98.1%)	^99Zr	(5/2+)
					β^−, n (1.9%)	^98Zr
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.6(8) µs			(17/2+)
^100Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β^− (98.98%)	^100Zr	1−,2−
					β^−, n (1.02%)	^99Zr
^100mY	200(200)# keV			940(30) ms	β^−	^100Zr	(3,4,5)(+#)
^101Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β^− (98.06%)	^101Zr	(5/2+)
					β^−, n (1.94%)	^100Zr
^102Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β^− (95.1%)	^102Zr
					β^−, n (4.9%)	^101Zr
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β^− (94%)	^102Zr	high
					β^−, n (6%)	^101Zr
^103Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β^− (91.7%)	^103Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n (8.3%)	^102Zr
^104Y	39	65	103.94105(43)#	180(60) ms	β^−	^104Zr
^105Y	39	66	104.94487(54)#	60# ms [>300 ns]	β^−	^105Zr	5/2+#
^106Y	39	67	105.94979(75)#	50# ms [>300 ns]	β^−	^106Zr
^107Y	39	68	106.95414(54)#	30# ms [>300 ns]			5/2+#
^108Y	39	69	107.95948(86)#	20# ms [>300 ns]

1. Abbreviations:
   EC: Electron capture
   IT: Isomeric transition
2. Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
3. Fission product

Notes

• Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
• Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

1. "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).

• Isotope masses from:
  • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
  • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  • N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
  • E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.). The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi: 354–355.