Bethesda, Gwynedd

Bethesda
The former Capel Bethesda from Penybryn Road.
Bethesda Bethesda shown within Gwynedd
Population	4,735 (2011)^[1]
OS grid reference	SH624667
Community	Bethesda
Principal area	Gwynedd
Ceremonial county	Gwynedd
Country	Wales
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BANGOR
Postcode district	LL57
Dialling code	01248
Police	North Wales
Fire	North Wales
Ambulance	Welsh
EU Parliament	Wales
UK Parliament	Arfon
Welsh Assembly	Arfon
List of places UK Wales Gwynedd

Coordinates: 53°10′44″N 4°03′36″W / 53.179°N 4.060°W / 53.179; -4.060

Bethesda is a town on the River Ogwen and the A5 road on the edge of Snowdonia, in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, colloquially called Pesda by the locals.

History

It all started in 1823 when the Bethesda Chapel was built and the town grew around it. The chapel was rebuilt in 1840 and has now been converted into flats and is known as Arafa Don.

The town grew around the slate and stone quarrying industries; the largest of the local quarries is the Penrhyn Quarry. At its peak, the town was exporting its purple slate all over the world, and in doing so gained a reputation for being the world's best. The town was the site of a three-year strike led by the North Wales Quarrymen's Union from 1900. This led to the creation of the nearby village of Tregarth, built by the quarry owners, which housed the families of those workers who had not struck.

Most of the town is to the east and north east of the A5 road, with housing packed onto the hillside in irregular rows. This was due to the A5 marking the border between Lord Penrhyn's land, and the freehold land. This can still be seen in the layout of the current high street, where all the public houses are found on one side of the road.

Railways

In 1884 a branch of the London and North Western Railway's network from Bangor was opened. The line closed to passengers in 1951 and to freight in 1963.

These days the trackbed of the Penrhyn Quarry Railway towards Porth Penrhyn is taken over by the Lôn Las Ogwen cycle path.

Modern Bethesda

In its heyday, the population of Bethesda peaked at 10,000; it is currently around 4,327 people (2001 census), there are also the villages of Rachub and Tregarth nearby. Current opportunities for employment in the town are limited: there are a few manufacturing businesses; most businesses are in the low-paid service sector and hospitality industry. For employment with higher earning potential, residents tend to commute to towns along the North Wales coast. Bangor is the most popular destination, but some will commute daily as far as Cheshire. Because of the lack of degree-based employment opportunities, many young people move out of the area to places such as Cardiff and Manchester as soon as they are qualified.

Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen ("Ogwen Valley School") is a bilingual comprehensive school, with 374 pupils, established in 1951.

Zip World Velocity in Penryn Quarry is the longest zipline in Europe, at just over 1600 meters long, and brings the town hundreds of visitors.^[2]

Architecture

Jerusalem Chapel

The architecture and layout of the town is largely utilitarian. Most of the buildings are constructed of stone with slate roofs. Some are constructed wholly of slate blocks, although such buildings tend to suffer from damp and structural slippage because the very flat and smooth surfaces of slate do not bind well to mortar.

The town has 40 Grade II listed buildings, including three pubs, in addition to the substantial and imposing Grade I listed Calvinistic Methodist Jerusalem Chapel.^[3]

The upper parts of Carneddi, Cilfodan and Tan y Foel owe more to stone quarrying on the nearby hills rather than slate quarrying that supported the lower end of the town. At the eastern limits, the town is bounded by the rising land of the Carneddau mountains which form some of the more remote landscapes of Snowdonia. Much of Bethesda once consisted of discrete villages such as Gerlan, Rachub and Braichmelyn; their names are retained as districts of the town.

Religion

Bethesda is noted for both the number of chapels (mostly dating from the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival) and pubs in the town. The town was named after the Bethesda Chapel, which was recently converted into residential flats.

Commerce and industry

Llanllechid, on the outskirts of Bethesda, is the home of the Popty Bakery, the origins of which date back to the bakery opened by O. J. Williams in the early 1900s. The product range focuses mainly on traditional Welsh cakes and Bara Brith and these lines are retailed throughout Wales and parts of England through outlets including Aldi, Asda, Co-Op, Morrisons and Tesco.^[4]

Public houses

Considered by some infamous for its pubs, there are no fewer than ten public establishments that serve alcohol in the Bethesda area (excluding Tregarth). It is noted throughout the surrounding area that the busiest night in Bethesda is Sunday, not the typical Saturdays or Fridays. One of the High Street pubs, the Douglas Arms, was named after the family which owned the nearby Penrhyn Quarry. Others include the Tŷ Isaf ("Lower House"), The Bull, The Kings Head, Y Sior ("The George"), The Victoria Arms, and the Llangollen.

Language and culture

Welsh is the dominant language of the town, and can be seen written and heard spoken in most settings. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 77.0% of the residents are Welsh-speaking, higher than the average for both Gwynedd and Wales as a whole.

The S4C series Amdani! ("about her") was based on a fictitious women's rugby team in Bethesda, and many of the location shots were filmed in the area. The series was based on the novel of the same name, by Bethan Gwanas, who lived in the town at the time.

In June 2012 Tabernacl (Bethesda) Cyf., a non-profit co-operative based in the town, was awarded a grant of around £1 million to renovate Neuadd Ogwen, a performance venue on the High Street. It was due to reopen as a community arts centre in June 2013.

In the 1970s and 1980s Bethesda developed a reputation as a hub of musical creativity. Jam sessions and small home studios abounded alongside a burgeoning pub rock scene. As well as the now well-established 'Pesda Roc' festival, Bethesda has nurtured the Welsh language bands Maffia Mr Huws and experimentalists Y Jeycsyn Ffeif. In more recent years it continues to spring up bands from the local community such as Radio Rhydd.

Gallery

Bethesda & the Quarry in Winter.
Bethesda & the Quarry at Night.
Slate tips on outer edges of Penrhyn Quarry at Mynydd Llandegai, the view looks out to Bethesda in the distance
Flooded pit at the Penrhyn Quarry from Y Fronllwyd

The A5 going through Bethesda.
Hardware shop
War memorial and Jerusalem Chapel, the biggest of the many chapels built in Bethesda during the Age of Slate.
A slate memorial to commemorate the Strike at the Penrhyn Slate Quarry, in the grounds of Jerusalem Chapel.

Notable people with a connection to Bethesda

Is the birthplace of Welsh novelist and poet Caradog Prichard, author of Un Nos Ola' Leuad
Is the birthplace of the singer Leila Megane.
Was the childhood home of Gruff Rhys, the lead singer of Super Furry Animals who grew up in the area known as Rachub or Llanllechid. as well as his older brother Dafydd, rhythm guitarist in the Aberystwyth-based 1980s politico-rockers Chwarter i Un who has recently re-surfaced with the proto-geriatric Bethesda based post-punk collective "Ceffylau Lliwgar".
The Breton language writer Mikael Madeg was a French language assistant at Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen for the school year 1971–72.
John Ogwen the actor.
Idris Foster Jesus Professor of Celtic Studies at the University of Oxford
William John Parry first general secretary of the North Wales Quarrymen's Union.
David Ffrangcon-Davies a Welsh operatic baritone
Bethan Gwanas the author lived and worked in Bethesda.
Esyllt Harker singer, actress and storyteller.

References

↑ "Community population 2011". Retrieved 15 May 2015.
↑ "The 100 MPH slide; Riding Europe's Longest Zipline". Retrieved 3 Jul 2016.
↑ Gwynedd Listed Building Register Archived 8 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "POPTY BAKERY ABOUT". caegroes.co.uk. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bethesda, Gwynedd.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bethesda (Wales).

www.geograph.co.uk : photo of Bethesda and surrounding area

Gwynedd

Principal settlements	Bala Bangor Barmouth Bethesda Blaenau Ffestiniog Caernarfon Criccieth Dolgellau Ffestiniog Harlech Nefyn Porthmadog Pwllheli Tywyn

Towns and villages	Aberangell Aberdaron Aberdesach Aberdyfi Abererch Abergeirw Abergwyngregyn Abergynolwyn Aberllefenni Abersoch Abertrinant Afon Wen Anelog Arthog Beddgelert Bethania Bethel Bethesda Betws Garmon Bodferin Boduan Bontddu Bontnewydd Botwnnog Bryncroes Bryn-crug Brynrefail Buan Bwlch-derwin Caeathro Capel Celyn Carmel Carnguwch Ceidio Chwilog Clwt-y-bont Clynnog Fawr Corris Uchaf Corris Croesor Cwm y Glo Deiniolen Dinas Dinas Dinlle Dinas Mawddwy Dinorwig Dolbenmaen Dolmelinllyn Dwygyfylchi Edern Efailnewydd Eisingrug Fairbourne Friog Frongoch Ganllwyd Garndolbenmaen Garneddwen Gellilydan Glasinfryn Groeslon Llan Ffestiniog Llanaber Llanaelhaearn Llanarmon Llanbedr Llanbedrog Llanberis Llandanwg Llandegwning Llandeiniolen Llandudwen Llandwrog Llandygai Llanegryn Llanelltyd Llanengan Llanfaelrhys Llanfaglan Llanfair Llanfihangel Bachellaeth Llanfihangel-y-Pennant Llanfihangel-y-Pennant, Dolbenmaen Llanfrothen Llangelynnin Llangian Llangwnnadl Llangybi Llaniestyn Llanigian Llanllechid Llanllyfni Llannor Llanrug Llanuwchllyn Llanwnda Llanymawddwy Llanystumdwy Llithfaen Llwyndyrys Llwyngwril Maentwrog Mallwyd Mellteyrn Minffordd Morfa Bychan Morfa Nefyn Mynydd Llandygai Mynydd Nefyn Mynytho Nantlle Valley Rhostryfan Nantmor Nasareth Nebo Pant Glas Penffridd Penisa'r Waun Penllech Penllyn Penmaenpool Pennal Penrhos Penrhyndeudraeth Pentre Gwynfryn Penygroes Pen-y-meinl Pistyll Pontrug Porthdinllaen Portmeirion Prenteg Rachub Rhiwddolion Rhosgadfan Rhoshirwaun Rhoslefair Rhos-y-gwaliau Rhyd Ddu Rhyd Rhyd-uchaf Rhydyclafdy Sarn Meyllteyrn Soar Talsarnau Tal-y-bont (near Bangor) Tal-y-bont (near Barmouth) Tal-y-llyn Talysarn Tanygrisiau Trawsfynydd Trefor Tregarth Tremadog Tudweiliog Tywyn Waunfawr Y Felinheli Y Ffor Y Fron Y Rhiw

Education	Bangor University Coleg Harlech Coleg Meirion-Dwyfor Coleg Menai Schools

Castles and forts	Caernarfon Castle Castell y Bere Criccieth Castle Dolbadarn Castle Harlech Castle Fort Belan

Rivers	Afon Aber River Adda Afon Artro Afon Cegin Afon Cwmnantcol Afon Daron Afon Dwyfor Afon Dwyryd Afon Dysynni Afon Fathew Afon Glaslyn Afon Llyfni Afon Mawddach Afon Ogwen Afon Rhythallt Afon Seiont Afon Tryweryn

Islands	Bardsey Island Ynys Gifftan Ynys Gwylan-fawr St Tudwals Islands

Topics	Parliamentary constituencies Places SSSIs Country houses Grade I listed buildings Grade II* listed buildings History Lord Lieutenants High Sheriffs Museums

Communities of Gwynedd

Aber Aberdaron Aberdyfi Arthog Bala Bangor Barmouth Beddgelert Bethesda Betws Garmon Bontnewydd Botwnnog Brithdir and Llanfachreth Bryn-crug Buan Caernarfon Clynnog Corris Criccieth Dolbenmaen Dolgellau Dyffryn Ardudwy Ffestiniog Ganllwyd Harlech Llanaelhaearn Llanbedr Llanbedrog Llanberis Llanddeiniolen Llandderfel Llandwrog Llandygai Llanegryn Llanelltyd Llanengan Llanfair Llanfihangel-y-Pennant Llanfrothen Llangelynin Llangywer Llanllechid Llanllyfni Llannor Llanrug Llanuwchllyn Llanwnda Llanycil Llanystumdwy Maentwrog Mawddwy Nefyn Pennal Penrhyndeudraeth Pentir Pistyll Porthmadog Pwllheli Talsarnau Trawsfynydd Tudweiliog Tywyn Waunfawr Y Felinheli

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