Bouyei minority Shitou village, west Guizhou
A Bouyei woman in front of her house
The Bouyei (also spelled Puyi, Buyei and Buyi; self called: Buxqyaix [puʔjai], or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; Chinese: 布依族; Pinyin: Bùyīzú; Vietnamese: người Bố Y) are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Some Bouyei also live in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. Despite the Chinese considering them a separate group, they consider themselves Zhuang (Tai peoples).
The Bouyei live in semi-tropical, high-altitude forests of Guizhou province, as well as in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and speak a Tai language.
Names
The Bouyei consist of various subgroups. Below are their autonyms written in the International Phonetic Alphabet with numerical Chao tones.[2]
- pu42 ʔjɐi42 濮越
- pu42 ʔji22 濮夷
- pu42 noŋ31 布侬
- pu42 loŋ31 补笼
- pu42 na31 布那
- pu42 tu42 布土、布都
- pu42 ʔjaŋ33 布央
- pu42 zoŋ31 xa35 布笼哈
Some clans within the Bouyei groups include:
- pu42 wu42 布武
- pu42 wei31 布韦
- pu42 lo24 布鲁
In Congjiang County, Guizhou, there is a group that refer to themselves as "Buyeyi 布也益", but are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Zhuang.[3]
Distribution
In China by county
- County-level distribution of the Bouyei 2000 Chinese census
(Only includes counties or county-equivalents containing >0.1% of China's Bouyei population.)
| Province |
Prefecture |
County |
Bouyei Population |
% of China's Bouyei Population |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Dushan (独山县) |
194,468 |
6.54 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Duyun (都匀市) |
190,347 |
6.41 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Wangmo (望谟县) |
174,806 |
5.88 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Luodian (罗甸县) |
158,494 |
5.33 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Ceheng (册亨县) |
158,019 |
5.32 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Anlong (安龙县) |
139,930 |
4.71 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Huishui (惠水县) |
135,943 |
4.58 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Zhenning Buyei and Miao (镇宁布依族苗族自治县) |
131,962 |
4.44 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Zhenfeng (贞丰县) |
125,058 |
4.21 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Xingyi (兴义市) |
124,901 |
4.2 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Pingtang (平塘县) |
107,473 |
3.62 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Libo (荔波县) |
93,681 |
3.15 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Guiding (贵定县) |
92,607 |
3.12 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Ziyun Miao and Buyei (紫云苗族布依族自治县) |
86,513 |
2.91 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Changshun (长顺县) |
81,022 |
2.73 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Guanling Buyei and Miao (关岭布依族苗族自治县) |
68,967 |
2.32 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Qinglong (晴隆县) |
64,001 |
2.15 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Xixiu (西秀区) |
62,497 |
2.1 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Xingren (兴仁县) |
50,210 |
1.69 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Sandu Shui (三都水族自治县) |
49,877 |
1.68 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Huaxi (花溪区) |
41,446 |
1.4 % |
| Guizhou |
Liupanshui |
Shuicheng (水城县) |
41,255 |
1.39 % |
| Guizhou |
Liupanshui |
Liuzhi (六枝特区) |
35,772 |
1.2 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Longli (龙里县) |
34,259 |
1.15 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Majiang (麻江县) |
33,958 |
1.14 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Pingba (平坝县) |
29,452 |
0.99 % |
| Yunnan |
Qujing |
Luoping (罗平县) |
25,152 |
0.85 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Qingzhen (清镇市) |
25,017 |
0.84 % |
| Guizhou |
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao |
Pu'an (普安县) |
23,639 |
0.8 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Wudang (乌当区) |
23,597 |
0.79 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Kaiyang (开阳县) |
22,611 |
0.76 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Nanming (南明区) |
20,608 |
0.69 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Fuquan (福泉市) |
19,520 |
0.66 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Qianxi (黔西县) |
17,447 |
0.59 % |
| Guizhou |
Liupanshui |
Pan (盘县) |
16,072 |
0.54 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Baiyun (白云区) |
15,116 |
0.51 % |
| Guizhou |
Anshun |
Puding (普定县) |
15,083 |
0.51 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Zhijin (织金县) |
14,512 |
0.49 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Yunyan (云岩区) |
14,293 |
0.48 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Xiaohe (小河区) |
12,138 |
0.41 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao (威宁彝族回族苗族自治县) |
7,484 |
0.25 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Nayong (纳雍县) |
7,222 |
0.24 % |
| Guangxi |
Hechi |
Nandan (南丹县) |
6,822 |
0.23 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Xiuwen (修文县) |
6,397 |
0.22 % |
| Yunnan |
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao |
Maguan (马关县) |
6,085 |
0.21 % |
| Guangdong |
Dongguan |
none |
5,584 |
0.19 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Dafang (大方县) |
5,294 |
0.18 % |
| Guizhou |
Liupanshui |
Zhongshan (钟山区) |
4,075 |
0.14 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Jinsha (金沙县) |
3,804 |
0.13 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Guandu (官渡区) |
3,582 |
0.12 % |
| Yunnan |
Zhaotong |
Qiaojia (巧家县) |
3,063 |
0.1 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Hezhang (赫章县) |
2,773 |
0.09 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Kaili (凯里市) |
2,573 |
0.09 % |
| Sichuan |
Liangshan Yi |
Ningnan (宁南县) |
2,353 |
0.08 % |
| Yunnan |
Honghe Hani and Yi |
Hekou Yao (河口瑶族自治县) |
2,190 |
0.07 % |
| Zhejiang |
Ningbo |
Cixi (慈溪市) |
2,155 |
0.07 % |
| Guizhou |
Guiyang |
Xifeng (息烽县) |
1,846 |
0.06 % |
| Guangxi |
Hechi |
Huanjiang Maonan (环江毛南族自治县) |
1,833 |
0.06 % |
| Guangdong |
Foshan |
Shunde (顺德区) |
1,796 |
0.06 % |
| Guangdong |
Shenzhen |
Bao'an (宝安区) |
1,777 |
0.06 % |
| Guangdong |
Shenzhen |
Longgang (龙岗区) |
1,745 |
0.06 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Xishan (西山区) |
1,668 |
0.06 % |
| Sichuan |
Liangshan Yi |
Huidong County, Sichuan (会东县) |
1,534 |
0.05 % |
| Zhejiang |
Jinhua |
Yongkang (永康市) |
1,363 |
0.05 % |
| Guizhou |
Zunyi |
Honghuagang (红花岗区) |
1,323 |
0.05 % |
| Guangdong |
Huizhou |
Huiyang (惠阳区) |
1,227 |
0.04 % |
| Zhejiang |
Jinhua |
Dongyang (东阳市) |
1,222 |
0.04 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Dongchuan (东川区) |
1,150 |
0.04 % |
| Yunnan |
Qujing |
Fuyuan (富源县) |
1,097 |
0.04 % |
| Zhejiang |
Ningbo |
Yuyao (余姚市) |
1,059 |
0.04 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiannan Buyei and Miao |
Weng'an (瓮安县) |
1,019 |
0.03 % |
| Guangxi |
Hechi |
Tian'e (天峨县) |
1,017 |
0.03 % |
| Sichuan |
Liangshan Yi |
Mili Tibetan (木里藏族自治县) |
988 |
0.03 % |
| Guangdong |
Huizhou |
Boluo (博罗县) |
983 |
0.03 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Rongjiang (榕江县) |
981 |
0.03 % |
| Zhejiang |
Quzhou |
Jiangshan (江山市) |
854 |
0.03 % |
| Zhejiang |
Jinhua |
Yiwu (义乌市) |
846 |
0.03 % |
| Jiangsu |
Wuxi |
Yixing (宜兴市) |
820 |
0.03 % |
| Zhejiang |
Huzhou |
Changxing (长兴县) |
797 |
0.03 % |
| Yunnan |
Yuxi |
Hongta (红塔区) |
790 |
0.03 % |
| Guizhou |
Bijie |
Qixingguan (七星关区) |
789 |
0.03 % |
| Zhejiang |
Shaoxing |
Shangyu (上虞市) |
785 |
0.03 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Danzhai (丹寨县) |
778 |
0.03 % |
| Zhejiang |
Taizhou |
Wenling (温岭市) |
760 |
0.03 % |
| Guangdong |
Foshan |
Nanhai (南海区) |
737 |
0.03 % |
| Guangdong |
Guangzhou |
Baiyun (白云区) |
641 |
0.02 % |
| Guangdong |
Guangzhou |
Panyu (番禺区) |
638 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Hangzhou |
Fuyang (富阳市) |
632 |
0.02 % |
| Fujian |
Quanzhou |
Jinjiang (晋江市) |
596 |
0.02 % |
| Yunnan |
Xishuangbanna Dai |
Mengla (勐腊县) |
596 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Wenzhou |
Rui'an (瑞安市) |
594 |
0.02 % |
| Yunnan |
Qujing |
Qilin (麒麟区) |
589 |
0.02 % |
| Guangdong |
Zhongshan |
none |
585 |
0.02 % |
| Guizhou |
Zunyi |
Renhuai (仁怀市) |
575 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Jinhua |
Pujiang (浦江县) |
548 |
0.02 % |
| Guangxi |
Bose |
Tianlin (田林县) |
538 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Wenzhou |
Ouhai (瓯海区) |
506 |
0.02 % |
| Guangxi |
Yulin |
Rong (容县) |
506 |
0.02 % |
| Guangxi |
Hechi |
Jinchengjiang (金城江区) |
501 |
0.02 % |
| Yunnan |
Honghe Hani and Yi |
Gejiu (个旧市) |
501 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Shaoxing |
Shaoxing (绍兴县) |
498 |
0.02 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Wuhua (五华区) |
483 |
0.02 % |
| Guizhou |
Zunyi |
Zunyi (遵义县) |
465 |
0.02 % |
| Zhejiang |
Wenzhou |
Yueqing (乐清市) |
453 |
0.02 % |
| Jiangsu |
Changzhou |
Liyang (溧阳市) |
440 |
0.02 % |
| Guangxi |
Bose |
Leye (乐业县) |
439 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Yulin |
Xingye (兴业县) |
423 |
0.01 % |
| Hebei |
Tangshan |
Luannan (滦南县) |
416 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Bose |
Xilin (西林县) |
410 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Yulin |
Yuzhou (玉州区) |
400 |
0.01 % |
| Guangdong |
Chaozhou |
Xiangqiao (湘桥区) |
398 |
0.01 % |
| Guangdong |
Maoming |
Gaozhou (高州市) |
397 |
0.01 % |
| Zhejiang |
Ningbo |
Yinzhou (鄞州区) |
395 |
0.01 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Anning (安宁市) |
391 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Liuzhou |
Liunan (柳南区) |
389 |
0.01 % |
| Zhejiang |
Hangzhou |
Xiaoshan (萧山区) |
388 |
0.01 % |
| Fujian |
Zhangzhou |
Longhai (龙海市) |
382 |
0.01 % |
| Guangdong |
Maoming |
Dianbai (电白县) |
381 |
0.01 % |
| Guizhou |
Tongren |
Shiqian (石阡县) |
376 |
0.01 % |
| Zhejiang |
Shaoxing |
Zhuji (诸暨市) |
373 |
0.01 % |
| Hebei |
Tangshan |
Qian'an (迁安市) |
351 |
0.01 % |
| Beijing |
none |
Haidian (海淀区) |
348 |
0.01 % |
| Yunnan |
Kunming |
Panlong (盘龙区) |
347 |
0.01 % |
| Guizhou |
Tongren |
Bijiang (碧江区) |
338 |
0.01 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Liping (黎平县) |
337 |
0.01 % |
| Zhejiang |
Hangzhou |
Yuhang (余杭区) |
336 |
0.01 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Congjiang (从江县) |
336 |
0.01 % |
| Hebei |
Baoding |
Yi (易县) |
334 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Guigang |
Gangbei (港北区) |
331 |
0.01 % |
| Zhejiang |
Jinhua |
Lanxi (兰溪市) |
330 |
0.01 % |
| Guizhou |
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong |
Huangping (黄平县) |
329 |
0.01 % |
| Jiangsu |
Wuxi |
Jiangyin (江阴市) |
312 |
0.01 % |
| Guangxi |
Bose |
Longlin (隆林各族自治县) |
305 |
0.01 % |
| Guangdong |
Shenzhen |
Nanshan (南山区) |
301 |
0.01 % |
| Other |
|
|
73.219 |
2,46 % |
In Vietnam
- Province-level distribution of the Bố Y
Lao Cai 1,398,
Ha Giang 808,
TOTAL 2,273
[Source: 2009 Census]
Language
The Bouyei speak the Bouyei language, which is very close to Standard Zhuang language. There is a dialect continuum between these two. The Bouyei language has its own written form which was created by linguists in the 1950s based on the Latin alphabet and with spelling conventions similar for the Pinyin system that had been devised to romanise Mandarin Chinese.
History
The Bouyei are the native Tai peoples of the plains of Guizhou. They are one of the oldest peoples of China, living in the area for more than 2,000 years.
Prior to the establishment of the Tang dynasty, the Bouyei and Zhuang were linked together; the differences between both ethnic groups grew greater and from year 900 already they were two different groups.
The Qing dynasty abolished the system of local heads and commanded in its place to officials of the army which caused a change in the local economy; from then on, the land was in the hands of a few landowners, which caused the population to revolt. During the Nanlong Rebellion of 1797, the Bouyei underwent a strong repression that caused many of them to emigrate to faraway Vietnam.
See also
References
- ↑ "The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census: Completed Results". General Statistics Office of Vietnam: Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee. June 2010. p. 135. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].
- ↑ 贵州"六山六水"民族调查资料选编. 回族, 白族, 瑤族, 壮族, 畲族, 毛南族, 仫佬族, 满族, 羌族卷 (2008:291). 贵州民族出版社.
- Yù Cuìróng 喻翠容: Bùyīyǔ jiǎnzhì 布依语简志 (Introduction to the Buyi language; Beijing, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1980).
- Wú Qǐlù 吴启禄: Bùyī-Hàn cídiǎn 布依汉词典 (Bouyei–Chinese dictionary; Beijing, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 2002), ISBN 7-105-04965-0.
External links
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China
Vietnam 2,273 (2009)[1]