Conservation and restoration training

This is a list of Training programs for Conservation and Restoration of cultural heritage.

There are a variety of training and entry routes into the profession of conservation; for many the first step is a full-time academic course. Whereas training in Conservation has traditionally taken the form of an apprenticeship, in more recent years training in a recognized conservation course at a University has become the norm. Today it is more common for professional conservators to have taken a University course combined with a period of time as an intern.

"The scope of conservators' work has widened in recent years, and is no longer dominated by hands-on conservation. Conservators now expect to be involved with exhibitions, conservation science, preventive conservation, project management and advocacy work".^[1]

Within the various schools that teach conservation, the approach differs according to the educational and vocational system within the country, and the focus of the school itself.^[2]

Many of the Conservation Associations and Professional Organizations also provide additional information about the schools in their respective fields and locations.

Australia

• The University of Canberra

Bachelor of Heritage, Museums and Conservation, Major in Conservation This major is for students who wish to gain detailed understanding of the knowledge and techniques of cultural heritage materials conservation. The major is open to students of the Bachelor of Heritage Museums and Conservation and can also be taken as an elective major by any student. The major is not restricted. It should be noted that students wishing to pursue a career in heritage conservation should also take the Minor in Conservation Science as part of their electives for the Bachelor of Heritage, Museums and Conservation.^[3]

• The University of Melbourne

Master of Cultural Materials Conservation (2 years full-time) The Master of Cultural Materials Conservation offers a professional qualification, combining both theory and practice, and emphasising the philosophical, intellectual and scientific aspects of cultural materials conservation. Students will benefit from the Centre for Cultural Materials Conservation’s strong industry links and will gain access to the University of Melbourne’s vast and varied cultural collections, including the Ian Potter Museum of Art, and the University’s library, archive and school collections. Students will also have access to industry links with leading museums, galleries, archives and libraries, across Australia and overseas, with opportunities to develop research in relation to broader issues of cultural preservation for communities and cultures within the Asian-Pacific region.

The option to specialise in areas including conservation treatment of paintings, works on paper, frames, and some object and architectural conservation, can be combined with an internship. In consultation with an academic supervisor, students can arrange to undertake a placement in a conservation department or practice, which deals directly in the conservation of materials of their specialisation. Students have the opportunity to undertake internships across Australia, and overseas (for example, in the UK, USA, New Zealand, India, Malaysia, Greece and East Timor).^[4]

Canada

Algonquin College

• Algonquin College
  • Applied Museum Studies (3 Year Diploma) which "provides students with a sound background in museum work and the technical areas common to all museums. These include: collection management, exhibit preparation, conservation, educational programming, and museum management".^[5]
• Fleming College previously known as Sir Sandford Fleming College.
  • Collections Conservation and Management Diploma^[6]

Queen's University Main Campus, behind Gordon Hall

• Queen's University, Ontario
  • MAC (Master of Art Conservation).^[7] Established in 1974, Queen's University is the only university in Canada that offers a graduate degree in art conservation and one of four in North America that offer a graduate degree in this discipline.
• Ryerson University
  • MA Photographic Preservation and Collections Management^[8]

China

• Conservation and Restoration Academy, Xi’an, China

Croatia

• Academy of Fine Art, University of Split
  • Conservation of easel paintings and polychrome plastic, conservation of wall paintings and mosaics, stone conservation, conservation of metals, conservation of archaeological material, BA + MA
• Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb,
  • Conservation of easel paintings and polychrome plastic, conservation of wall paintings and mosaics, stone conservation, BA + MA
• University of Dubrovnik
  • Conservation restoration of textiles, ceramics, paper, metal and wood

Czech republic

• Brno: Higher professional school of restoration in Brno^[9]
  • Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics, foundation degree
  • Conservation and Restoration of Painting and Decorative Techniques, foundation degree
  • Conservation and Restoration of Furniture and Non-Polychromed Wood Carving, foundation degree
• Brno: Faculty of Science at Masaryk university:
  • Chemistry of conservation - restoration
• Písek: Higher professional school of restoration in Písek:^[10]
  • Restoration of Furniture and Non-Polychromed Wood Carving
  • Restoration of metalwork
• Plzeň: Private Secondary School of Applied Arts - Zámeček:
  • Conservation and restoration of stone, matura
• Pardubice: Faculty of Restoration at University of Pardubice:^[11]
  • Restoration and conservation of stone and related materials
  • Restoration and conservation of wall paintings and sgraffito
  • Restoration and conservation of paper, bookbindings and documents
  • Restoration and conservation of arts on paper and related Materials
  • Restoration and conservation of works of wall paintings, sculpture works and architectural surfaces
  • Restoration and conservation of works of written culture
• Praha:
  • Faculty of Chemical Technology at University of Chemical Technology Prague:^[12]
    • Conservation and restoration of glass and ceramics
    • Conservation and restoration of metalworks
    • Conservation and restoration of textile materials
    • Technology of conservation and restoration
  • Academy of Fine Arts in Prague:^[13]
    • Restoring of paintings and polychromed woodcarvings
    • Restoring of sculptural works
• Turnov: Střední uměleckoprůmyslová škola a Vyšší odborná škola:^[14]
  • Restoration of metals, minerals and organolites

Denmark

• The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts - School of Conservation, Copenhagen.

Bachelor in 5 programs incl. common lectures in chemistry and conservation ethics and theory:
1: Paper, books, photographic, audio and visual materials and digital media. 2: Easel and interior painting. 3: Mural paintings, sculpture, monuments and architectural facades. 4: Archaeological and cultural history objects. 5: Natural history objects.
One common master program including advanced conservation ethics and theory, heritage/museum science, specific material science and advanced chemistry.

France

• Écoles de Condé, Paris : Bachelor / Master in Art restoration in Paintings, Paper and Ceramics^[15]
• École supérieure d'art, Avignon : BFA in Painting Restoration^[16]
• École supérieure des beaux-arts, Tours : Diploma in Sculpture Restoration.^[17]
• Institut national du patrimoine, Saint-Denis : MSc in Art Restoration.^[18]
• Pantheon-Sorbonne University, Paris : MSc in Art Restoration, BSc in Art Restoration, MSc, in Art Conservation.

Germany

• Berlin: Conservation-Restoration / Field Archaeology University of applied science Berlin^[19]
• Cologne: CICS - Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences at Cologne University of Applied Sciences^[20]
• Dresden: College of Fine Arts in Dresden, study of art technology, conservation and restoration of artistic and cultural heritage.
• Erfurt: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Conservation / Restoration of University of applied science Erfurt^[21]
• Hildesheim: Faculty of Architecture, Engineering and Conservation, HAWK Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of Applied Sciences and Arts) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen^[22]
• Munich:
  • Chair for Conservation, Art Technology and Conservation Science, Institute for History of Architecture, History of Art and Conservation at Technical University Munich^[23]
  • Goering Institut e.V. - Staatlich anerkannte Fachakademie zur Ausbildung von Restauratoren - restoration of furniture and wooden objects^[24]
• Potsdam: Conservation/Restoration at University of applied science Potsdam^[25]
• Stuttgart: Stuttgart State Academy of Art and Design

Greece

• Athens: Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art^[26]
• Thessaloniki: University Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki, Management and Preservation of Cultural and Ecclesiastical Relics Department^[27]

Hong Kong

• The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • Postgraduate degree programme in Architectural Conservation and Design
• University of Hong Kong
  • Graduate/Postgraduate degree programme in architectural conservation
  • Graduate/Postgraduate degree programme in science in conservation (MSc Conservation)

India

• Delhi Institute of Heritage Research and Management, New Delhi, India
  • Graduate degree programme in Conservation, Preservation and Heritage Management
• National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property - NRLC, Lucknow, India
  • Graduate courses in conservation of works of art.
• Sinhgad College of Architecture, Pune, India
  • Graduate/Postgraduate degree programme in Architectural Conservation

Iran

• Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran^[28]
  • Brief history of cultural heritage conservation and restoration and opening of first Iranian school of conservation

art university of Isfahan is one of accredited art universities in Iran that has graduated many students in different fields of art. This university at first established by the name of "Pardis Faculty of Isfahan" as a branch of Farabi University in Tehran in 1978 to educate and provide conservation and restoration specialists for dealing with historic objects and Persian urban textures. It acted as the first school of conservation in Iran and with time it expanded to other fields like Archaeology, Painting, Architecture, Industrial Design and other branches of art in BA level. With growing the faculty, it converted to the Art University of Isfahan in 1999 and Faculty of Conservation remained at the same place. This school of conservation has developed a methodology for scientific restoration in Iran. At present, it has two departments, one for conservation and restoration of historic cultural property and another for conservation and restoration of historic monuments and textures. It is offering B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in both departments and accepts students not only from Iran but also from all over the world. Today, this university with a strong background in conservation and with up-to-date equipments, instruments and knowledge is one of the most important educational and research oriented centers for cultural heritage conservation and most of the specialists involved in different sites of cultural heritage are graduated from this school. ^[29]

• Tabriz Islamic Arts University - Tabriz, IRAN^[30]
  • B.A cultural heritage conservation and restoration and M.A Archeaometry

Israel

Despite its rich archaeological heritage, Israel has only begun to develop conservation education. The Israel Antiquities Authority recently established a training program in 2009 in the Old City of Akko (Acre), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, utilizing the expertise of the Israel Antiquities Authority, and the relationship with the Italian municipality of Rome.

• International Conservation Center - Citta di Roma, Akko^[31]

Italy

Since 1944 there has been a state school for art conservation training in the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro (formerly the Central Institute of Restoration) in Rome.^[32] The institute and the school were founded by the art historian Cesare Brandi. The other state conservation school, with a similar training program, is the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence.^[33]

Since 2006 their diploma is equivalent to a degree course, similar to a master's degree in the US. The courses are limited: to access one must pass an appropriate public contest announced by the Ministry of Heritage and Culture. The training lasts five years and the diploma is subject to the acquisition of 300 credits.
The list of the schools accredited to carry out the Training of Restorers is defined by a Commission composed by Ministry of Heritage and Culture and Ministry of Education, Universities and Research.^[34]

Private schools (not accredited) also exist, such as the Istituto per l'Arte e il Restauro "Palazzo Spinelli"^[35] in Florence, the Istituto Italiano Arte Artigianato e Restauro^[36] in Rome or the San Gemini Preservation Studies (SGPS) in San Gemini, Umbria.

Mexico

• Guadalajara, Escuela de Conservación y Restauración de Occidente (ECRO)^[37]
  • Bachelor of Restoration of Furniture
• Mexico City, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Escuela Nacional de Conservación Restauración y Museografía "Manuel del Castillo Negrete" (ENCRyM)^[38]
  • Bachelor of Restoration of Furniture
  • Masters in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage Properties
• San Luis Potosi, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad del Hábitat^[39]
  • Bachelor of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage

Netherlands

• University of Amsterdam^[40]
  • The University of Amsterdam is the only Dutch university to offer training in the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Entry to this programme is given by any relevant Humanities or Science bachelor's degree. This may include the five-month Conservation and Restoration Minor offered in Dutch. This optional Minor is followed by a two-year Master’s and a two-year Post-Master’s programme.
  • MS Heritage Studies: Preservation and Presentation of the Moving Image^[41]

Qatar

• University College London^[42]
  • MSc Conservation Studies
  • Specialist short courses in Conservation
• UCL, in partnership with Qatar Foundation and Qatar Museums Authority has created UCL Qatar, a center of excellence within the Gulf region for the study of cultural heritage, conservation, archaeology and museum studies. The two-year MSc Conservation Studies programme allows for a number of specializations including objects (metals, stone, ceramics), textiles and archaeological sites.

Russian Federation

• St. Petersburg State Academy, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
  • Professional development internships in conservation of paintings on canvas, wooden supports, icons.
• Conservation Chair of Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
  • BSc of Restoration
  • MSc of Restoration
  • Conservation of applied arts, archaeological conservation, scientific examination

Spain

• Escola Superior de Conservació i Restauració de Bens Culturals de Catalunya - ESCRBCC, BARCELONA, Spain
  • BA degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculpture, archaeology and paper (240 ECTS credit, 4 years).
• Escola Superior de Conservación e Restauración de Bens Culturais de Galicia, Pontevedra, Spain
  • BA degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculpture, paper, textiles and archaeology (240 ECTS credit, 4 years).
• Escuela Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales, Madrid, Spain
  • BA degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculpture, paper, textiles and archaeology (240 ECTS credit, 4 years).
• Escuela Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de Aragón, Huesca, Spain
  • BA degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculpture, paper, textiles and archaeology (240 ECTS credit, 4 years).

Also the universities of Barcelona, Granada, Sevilla, Vizcaya, Valencia and La Laguna - Tenerife offer the BA degree (240 ECTS credit, 4 years).

• • Polytechnic University of Valencia offer the BA degree in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage http://www.upv.es/titulaciones/GCRBC/index-en.html http://www.upv.es/entidades/BBAA/ and also offer a MA programme in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage (120 ECTS credit, 2 years) http://www.upv.es/titulaciones/MUCRBC/indexi.html
• Escola de Conservació i Restauració d'Obres d'Art - ECORE, BARCELONA, Spain
  • Diploma programme in conservation of furniture, paint, polychrome sculpture, archaeological objects, paper, fosils, texitles, wood, stone
• Escuela de Arte y Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes, Culturales "Mariano Timón- CRBC, Palencia, Spain
  • Diploma programme in Conservation and restoration
• Escuela de Arte y Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes, Culturales de Salamanca - CRBC, Salamanca, Spain
  • Diploma programme in conservation and restoration, specialization in graphic documents
• Escuela de Arte y Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de Valladolid - CRBC, Valladolid, Spain
  • Diploma programme in conservation and restoration, specialization sculpture
• Escuela de Arte y Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de Ávila - CRBC, Ávila, Spain
  • Diploma programme in Conservation and restoration, specialization in archaeology

South Africa

South Africa enjoys a national conservation training resource, with a research and training campus located in Twee Riviere, Langkloof, Eastern Cape. At this location, the South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation maintains a training program in four specialisms of conservation, namely Metals Conservation, Paper Conservation, Stone & Mortar Conservation (in the built environment) and Ceramics Conservation.

A number of conservation internships or placements (6 – 18 weeks) are also extended annually, to accommodate graduate and post-graduate students from formal conservation study programs elsewhere. Such internships permit hands-on participation in remedial conservation work, either in studio or within the outdoor, architectural environment and under the supervision of senior faculty staff.

• The South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation ^[43]
  • Summer School program (mid-career, short courses)
  • Internships (6 – 18 weeks)
  • Post-graduate Diploma in Technical Conservation Studies (Applications: May - November 2016). Postgraduate program currently awaits accreditation. Scheduled to commence: February 1, 2017
  • M.Sc Program in Conservation Studies (scheduled introduction: 2020/21, subject to future accreditation bid, as appropriate)

Taiwan

• TNNUA - Tainan National University of the Arts, Graduate Institute of Conservation of Cultural Relics and Museology
  • Graduate degree programme in conservation of paper based objects, paintings and polychrome wooden objects.

Turkey

• Middle East Technical University - METU, Ankara, Turkey
  • Graduate degree programme in architectural conservation.

Ukraine

• Lviv Academy of Arts, Lviv, Ukraine
  • Undergraduate/Graduate degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculptures, glass, metal, wood, textile, dress design, leather, interior decoration, black-and-white art

United Kingdom

There are numerous training facilities for conservators in the United Kingdom. Whereas training in the United States tends towards an overview of the conservation profession as a whole, in the UK each institution tends towards their own area of specialism.

• Camberwell College of Arts, University of the Arts London^[44]
  • MA Conservation
• Cardiff University^[45]
  

  Cardiff University main building
  • BSc Conservation of Objects in Museums and Archaeology
  • MSc Care of Collections
  • MSc Professional Conservation
  • Msc Conservation Practice
• The Centre for Textile Conservation and Technical Art History^[46] at the University of Glasgow, previously known as the Textile Conservation Centre.
  • Making & Meaning: Approaches in Technical Art History (MLitt)
  • Textile Conservation (two years, MPhil)
• Courtauld Institute of Art^[47]
  • Conservation of Easel Painting Postgraduate Diploma
  • MA Conservation of Wall Paintings
• Department of Conservation, offers several conservation courses including:^[48]
  • Conservation Studies BA - Three years
  • Postgraduate Diploma: Conservation Studies 2 years
  • Postgraduate Diploma: Comparative Studies in Conservation Cleaning, techniques in relation to laser cleaning
• Hamilton Kerr Institute, University of Cambridge
  • Postgraduate Diploma Conservation of Easel Paintings - three years^[49]
• Institute of Archaeology at University College London
  

  The Institute of Archaeology building UCL
  • M.A. in Principles of Conservation^[50]
  • M.Sc in Conservation for Archaeology and Museums^[51]
• The London School of Picture & Frame Restoration
  • Part-time City & Guilds verified courses in Picture and Frame Conservation / Restoration and in Gilding
• Northumbria University, The Conservation Unit^[52]
  • MA Conservation of Fine Art
  • MA Preventive Conservation
• Royal College of Art
  • MA Conservation^[53]
• University of Lincoln^[54]
  • BA (Hons) Conservation & Restoration
  • MA Conservation of Historic Objects
  • Graduate Diploma Conservation Studies
• West Dean College
  • MA Conservation Studies
  • Also offers a series of Diplomas & Professional Development Courses

United States of America

Columbia University "College Walk" provides a public path between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, cutting through the main campus quad.

• Buffalo State College
  • MA and CAS (Certificate of Advanced Studies) degrees in art conservation^[55]
• Columbia College Chicago
  • BA Art and Materials Conservation
• Columbia University
  • Certificate in Historic Preservation: Conservation of Historic Architecture^[56]
• Eastern Michigan University
  • Master of Science in Historic Preservation
• New Mexico State University
  • Museum Conservation bachelor's degree^[57]
• New York University
  • MS in Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works and MA in the History of Art and Archaeology^[58]
• Savannah College of Art and Design
  • BFA in Historic Preservation^[59]
  • MA in Historic Preservation^[60]
  • MFA in Historic Preservation^[61]
• Scripps College
  • BA in Art Conservation^[62]
• The School of the Art Institute of Chicago
  • Master of Science in Historic Preservation
• Tulane University School of Architecture
  • MPS Masters in Preservation Studies^[63]
• The University of Arizona
  • Heritage Conservation Graduate Certificate – stand alone certificate or in conjunction with MS Architecture, M. Landscape Architecture, MS Planning, MA Applied Archaeology^[64]
• University of California, Los Angeles/Getty
  • MA in Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials^[65]

Winterthur Museum Building

• University of Colorado Denver
  • MS in Historic Preservation
• The University of Delaware (in association with Winterthur Museum)
  • MS in Art Conservation and a Certificate in Conservation.^[66]
  • BA in Art Conservation^[67]
  • Ph.D. in Preservation Studies^[68]
• The University of Mary Washington
  • BA in Historic Preservation^[69]
• The University of Maryland at College Park
  • MA in Historic Preservation
  • Dual MA Degree Programs: Applied Anthropology and Historic Preservation; Architecture and Historic Preservation; Community Planning and Historic Preservation; Real Estate Development and Historic Preservation
  • Certificate in Historic Preservation
  • Ph.D. in Urban and Regional Planning and Design^[70]
• The University of Oregon Historic Preservation Program
  • MS in Historic Preservation^[71]
• The University of Pennsylvania Graduate Program in Historic Preservation
  • MS in Historic Preservation
  • Advanced Certificate in Architectural Conservation^[72]
• The University of Texas at Austin
  • Certificate of Advanced Study in the conservation of library and archival materials as part of its Master of Science in Information Studies program.

References

1. ICON - Institute of Conservation - Careers & Training
2. AIC - Becoming a Conservator
5. Algonquin College - Applied Museum Studies
6. Fleming College: Full Time Programs: Collections Conservation and Management
7. Queen's University - Department of Art
8. Ma - Photographic Preservation Archived October 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
9. http://www.ssud.cz/vosr/main.html
10. http://www.vosr.cz/
11. http://old.vscht.cz/homepage/rud-en/index
12. http://www.upce.cz/english/fr/index.html
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14. "SUPŠ a VOŠ Turnov: Vyšší odborné studium". www.sups.info. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
15. http://www.ecoles-conde.com/
16. http://esaavignon.fr/
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18. http://www.inp.fr/
19. http://krg.htw-berlin.de/
20. http://db.re.fh-koeln.de/ICSFH/index.aspx
21. http://www.fh-erfurt.de/fhe/index.php?id=1933
22. http://www.hawk-hhg.de/en/engineering/default.php
23. http://www.rkk.arch.tu-muenchen.de
24. "Goering Institut e.V. Fachakademie zur Restauratorenausbildung". www.restaurierung-goering.de. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
25. http://www.fh-potsdam.de/
26. http://www.teiath.gr/sgtks/saet/?lang=en/
27. http://web.aeath.gr/jaeath/index.php/en/
28. Isfahan University of Art
29. [Vatankhah. G. Razani,.M( 2008) "Historic House of David-Isfahan: First Iranian School of Conservation & Restoration", International Conference of Islamic Arts and Architecture, Lahore - Pakistan.14th November 2008 to 16th November 2008.]
31. International Conservation Center
32. ISCR
33. Opificio delle Pietre Dure
34. Elenco delle istituzioni formative accreditate allo svolgimento dei Corsi di Formazione dei Restauratori
35. Istituto per l'Arte e il Restauro "Palazzo Spinelli"
36. Istituto Italiano Arte Artigianato e Restauro
37. http://www.ecro.edu.mx/
38. http://www.encrym.edu.mx/
39. http://www.uaslp.mx/Spanish/Academicas/FH/Carreras/licenciatura/Paginas/Conservacion.aspx
40. nl:Universiteit van Amsterdam
41. http://www.uva.nl/en/education/master-s/master-s-programmes/item/preservation-presentation-of-the-moving-image.html?f=heritage
43. The South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation
44. Conservation
45. Cardiff School of History and Archaeology
46. http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/cca/research/instituteofarthistory/centrefortextileconservationandtechnicalarthistory/
47. Courtauld Institute of Art : Taught Degrees
48. http://www.cityandguildsartschool.ac.uk/docs/dept/cons.html
49. HKI - Courses
50. Institute of Archaeology UCL
51. Institute of Archaeology UCL
52. http://northumbria.ac.uk/sd/academic/sass/ahd/cu/
53. Royal College of Art
54. LSAD Home
55. Art Conservation Department Home Page
56. Historic Preservation Program
57. Museum Conservation
58. Institute of Fine Arts, Conservation Center
59. BFA in Historic Preservation
60. MA in Historic Preservation
61. MFA in Historic Preservation
62. http://www.scrippscollege.edu/academics/department/art-conservation/index.php
63. http://architecture.tulane.edu/programs/mps-masters-in-preservation-studies
64. http://www.capla.arizona.edu/heritage
65. UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology | Conservation Program
66. Art Conservation at the University of Delaware
69. http://cas.umw.edu/hisp/
70. "UMD School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation". www.arch.umd.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
71. http://hp.uoregon.edu/index.cfm?mode=ms
72. PennDesign :: Historic Preservation