George Walton

George Walton
United States Senator from Georgia
In office November 16, 1795 – February 20, 1796
Preceded by	James Jackson
Succeeded by	Josiah Tattnall
Acting Governor of Georgia
In office January 7, 1789 – November 9, 1790
Preceded by	George Handley
Succeeded by	Edward Telfair
Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress
In office 1776 – 1777, 1780–1781
Personal details
Born	1749 Cumberland County, Virginia
Died	February 2, 1804 (aged 54–55) Augusta, Georgia
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Relations	The Walton family of Atlanta, Georgia; North Carolina.
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	Georgia Militia
Rank	Colonel
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War Capture of Savannah

George Walton (1749 – February 2, 1804) signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Georgia and also served as the second Chief Executive of Georgia.

Life and work

George Walton was born in .The exact year of Walton's birth is unknown; it is believed that he was born in 1749. Some research has placed it as early as 1740, others as late as 1749 and 1750. The biographer of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, Della Gray Bartholomew, uses the date of 1741.^[1] His parents died when he was an infant, resulting in his adoption by an uncle with whom he entered apprenticeship as a carpenter. Walton was a studious young man, but his uncle actively discouraged all study, believing a studious boy to be an idle one. Walton continued studying and once his apprenticeship ended, he moved to Savannah, Georgia, in 1769 to study law under a Mr. Young, and was admitted to the bar in 1774. His brother was John Walton.

By the of the American Revolution he was one of the most successful lawyers in Georgia. He became an advocate of the patriot cause and was elected Secretary of the Georgia Provincial Congress and became president of the Council of Safety. In 1776 he served as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, a position he held until the end of 1778. On July 4, 1776, he signed the Declaration of Independence for Georgia along with Button Gwinnett and Lyman Hall.

During the American Revolutionary War, he was in the battalion of General Robert Howe. On January 9, 1778, Walton received a commission as colonel of the First Georgia Regiment of Militia. During the Battle of Savannah in 1778 led by Archibald Campbell, Walton was injured in the battle and taken prisoner. He was hit in the thigh by a ball that threw him from his horse. He was subsequently captured by the British, who allowed his wound to heal before sending him to Sunbury Prison, where other colonial prisoners were held. Walton was eventually exchanged in October 1779.^[2]

Walton signed the Articles of Confederation for Georgia in 1778, along with Edward Telfair and Edward Langworthy.

In October 1779, Walton was elected Governor of Georgia for the first time, a position he held for only two months. In November 1795, he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Jackson. Walton only served in that position from November 16, 1795, to February 20, 1796, until a successor, Josiah Tattnall, was officially elected.

He was a political ally of the Scottish General Lachlan McIntosh and a foe of Button Gwinnett. He and Gwinnett's political battles resulted in his expulsion from office and indictment for various criminal activities. He was later censured for his role in a duel which resulted in Button Gwinnett's death.

Walton was in favor of the Yazoo land sales, the massive real estate fraud perpetrated in the mid-1790s by Georgia governor George Mathews and the Georgia General Assembly. The scandal brought James Jackson home from the U.S. Senate to lead a reform movement. Appointed to fill the vacant seat, a feud erupted between Jackson and Walton over the sale of land to speculators. Jackson won, and Walton, who supported the sales, left the office.

In 1788, Alexander McGillivray and other Creek Indian leaders met with Georgia leaders at Rock Landing,^[3] but the meeting failed to result in a peace treaty. This lead Governor Walton to worry that "our prospects of peace have been obliged to yield to the impressions of war."^[4] Walton wrote to Colonel Jared Irwin, expressing both his concern and his surprise at the recent Indian depredations near the Oconee River.^[5] Although a treaty was not signed at Rock Landing, eventually the Treaty of New York ceded Creek lands to the state of Georgia.

During the 1780s, Walton devoted himself almost exclusively to Georgia state politics. He served not only as chief justice but also as a commissioner to negotiate a treaty with the Cherokee Indians (1783), a member of the Augusta Board of Commissioners (1784 and 1785), and a commissioner to settle the border dispute between South Carolina and Georgia (1786). He was elected as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but declined, as his commitments at the state level occupied his time to the exclusion of all else. In 1789 he was a presidential elector and served at the state convention to adopt a new constitution.^[6] Walton was elected to a second term as governor in 1789 and served for one year. During his term, Georgians adopted the new state constitution, moved the capital to Augusta (where Walton himself had moved in the 1780s), and concentrated on settling the western frontier. After completing his tenure as governor, Walton served as a judge of the superior court from 1790 until his death. He also filled the unexpired term of James Jackson in the U.S. Senate in 1795–1796. He was a founder and trustee of the Richmond Academy in Augusta and of Franklin College (now the University of Georgia) in Athens.

Offices held

The offices he held were:

• Continental Congress (1776–78)
• Colonel of the First Georgia Militia (1778)
• Governor of Georgia (1779–80)
• U.S. Congress (1780–1781)
• Chief Justice of Georgia (1783–89)
• Governor of Georgia (1789–90)
• U.S. Senator (1795–96)

Death

During his second term as governor, he built Meadow Garden, a cottage constructed on confiscated Tory land outside of Augusta, where he died. He was survived by his wife, Dorothy Camber, whom he had married in 1775, and one of his two sons. He was initially buried at Rosney, home of his nephew Robert Watkins; however, he was re-interred in 1848 beneath the Signers Monument in front of the courthouse on Greene Street in Augusta.

Legacy

Walton County, which is about 30 miles east of the city of Atlanta, is named for him. There are also at least two schools that bear his name: George Walton Comprehensive High School in Marietta, Georgia and George Walton Academy, a private school in Monroe, Georgia.

His granddaughter, Octavia Le Vert, was a noted socialite and author.^[7]

His great nephew Thomas George Walton built Creekside near Morganton, North Carolina.^[8]

References

• United States Congress. "George Walton (id: W000114)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
• Deaton, Stan. "George Walton (ca. 1749-1804)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. 6 January 2016. Web. 17 May 2016.

Notes

1. Barthelmas, Della Gray (1997). The signers of the Declaration of Independence : a biographical and genealogical reference. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 272. ISBN 0786403187.
2. Dubrulle, Elizabeth (2010). American National Biography. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195206355.
3. Forsyth, Robert. "Letter, 1789 Sept. 16, Rock Landing [Georgia to] Governor [George] Walton". Southeastern Native American Documents. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
4. Kokomoor, Kevin (November 2015). "Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic". The Journal of Southern History. 81 (4): 808.
5. Walton, George. "[Letter] 1789 Oct. 13, Augusta, [Georgia to] Colonel [Jared] Irwin". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
6. Dubrulle, Elizabeth (2010). American National Biography. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195206355.
7. Satterfield, Frances Gibson (1987). Madame Le Vert: A Biography of Octavia Le Vert. Edisto Island, S.C.: Edisto Press. ISBN 978-0-9618589-1-9.
8. John B. Wells, III (September 1971). "Creekside" (pdf). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 2014-08-01.