Jahandar Shah

Muhammad Azhar-ud-Din Bahadur
A'az-ud-Din Wali Ahd Bahadur
Muhammad Aziz-ud-Din Bahadur Alamgir II
Izz-ud-Din Bahadur
Said-un-Nisa Begum
Iffat Ara Begum
Rabi Begum

Full name
Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beig Mohammed Khan Jahandar Shah Bahadur

Dynasty

Timurid

Father

Bahadur Shah I

Mother

Nizam Bai

Religion

Islam

Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beig Mohammed Khan also called Jahandar Shah (10 May 1661 – 12 February 1713) was a Mughal Emperor who ruled for a brief period in 1712–1713, "a worthless debauch, became emperor after liquidating his three brothers."^[1] His title was Shahanshah-i-Ghazi Abu'l Fath Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Sahib-i-Quran Padshah-i-Jahan (Khuld Aramgah).

Early life

Prince Jahandar Shah was born on 10 May 1661 in Deccan Subah, to emperor Bahadur Shah I and Nizam Bai, daughter of Mirza Raja Jai Singh. He was appointed Vizier of Balkh in 1671 by his grandfather Aurangzeb.

Upon the death of their father on 27 February 1712, he and his brother Azim-ush-Shan both declared themselves emperor and battled for the succession. Azim-us-Shan was killed on 17 March 1712 and Jahandar Shah was able to rule for a eleven months. Before coming to the throne, Jahandar Shah had sailed around the Indian ocean, and had been a very prosperous trader, and was later appointed Subedar of Sindh. He fathered three sons, including Aziz-ud-Din who reigned as Mughal emperor between 1754 and 1759.

Reign

Lal Kunwar

Mughal Army commander Abdus Samad Khan Bahadur being received by Jahandar Shah

Jahandar Shah, was very frivolous in lifestyle, his court was enlivened by dancing and entertainment. He chose a favourite wife, Lal Kunwar who was a mere dancing girl before her elevation to the position of Queen Consort. Together they shocked the Mughal Empire and were even opposed by Aurangzeb's surviving daughter Zinat-un-Nissa.

His authority was rejected by the third Nawab of the Carnatic Muhammed Saadatullah Khan I, who killed De Singh of Orchha, mainly because the Nawab believed that he was the righteous commander of the Gingee Fort, and began a smear campaign referring to Jahandar Shah as an usurper to the Mughal throne. To further strengthen his authority Jahandar Shah sent gifts to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III.^[2]

Rebellion

The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah died in 1712 and he was succeeded by Jahandar Shah, the puppet Mughal ruler. Banda Singh Bahadur knew his weaknesses and between his region he captured Punjab region,east of Lahore along with the Mughal territories near trans-Yamuna region.

Death

Silver coin issued from Shahjahanabad, during the reign of Jahandar Shah.

He was defeated in the battle at Agra on 10 January 1713 by Farrukhsiyar, his nephew and the second son of Azim-ush-Shan, with the support of the Syed Brothers. He fled to Delhi, from where he was captured and handed over to the new Emperor, who confined him along with Lal Kunwar. He lived in confinement for a month, until 11 February 1713, when professional stranglers were sent to murder him. His eldest son Prince Aazuddin died on 12 December 1744.

Coins

Jahandar Shah reintroduced couplets and issued coins in Gold, Silver and copper. Two couplets i.e Abu al-Fateh and Sahab Qiran were used. Copper coins were issued in both weight standard i.e 20 grams and 14 grams.

Silver Rupee of Abu al-Fateh couplet, Khujista Bunyaad, AH1124 Ry.Ahd
Silver Rupee of Sahab Qiran couplet, Itawa, AH1124 Ry.Ahd
Copper paisa of 20.21 grams from Surat mint
Copper paisa of 13.85 grams from Surat mint

References

↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
↑ Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989-01-01). Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jahandar Shah.

Jahandar Shah Timurid dynasty
Preceded by Bahadur Shah I	Mughal Emperor 1712–1713	Succeeded by Farrukhsiyar

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 75439929 LCCN: n89101992

Mughal Empire

Emperors	Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb (Alamgir) Muhammad Azam Shah Bahadur Shah I Jahandar Shah Farrukhsiyar Rafi ud-Darajat Shah Jahan II Muhammad Shah Ahmad Shah Bahadur Alamgir II Shah Jahan III Shah Alam II Akbar II Bahadur Shah II

Battles and conflicts	Battle of Panipat (1526) Battle of Khanwa Battle of Ghaghra Siege of Sambhal Battle of Panipat (1556) Battle of Thanesar Siege of Chittorgarh Siege of Ranthambore Battle of Tukaroi Battle of Raj Mahal Battle of Haldighati Battle of Bhuchar Mori Siege of Kandahar Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23) Siege of Orchha Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53) Battle of Samugarh Battle of Khajwa Suppression of Tilpat rebellion Mughal conquest of Chittagong Ahom–Mughal conflicts Siege of Purandhar Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War Mughal–Maratha Wars Siege of Bijapur Siege of Jinji Child's War Siege of Golconda Battle of Karnal Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Buxar Siege of Delhi

Architecture	Taj Mahal Gardens of Babur Fatehpur Sikri Tomb of Salim Chishti Humayun's Tomb Red Fort Lahore Fort Jahangir Mahal Lalbagh Fort Akbar's Tomb Agra Fort Chawk Mosque Shalimar Gardens Achabal Gardens Jahangir's Tomb Bibi Ka Maqbara Badshahi Mosque Shahi Bridge Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta Sheesh Mahal Sunehri Masjid Tipu Sultan Mosque Wazir Khan Mosque more

Adversaries	Ibrahim Lodi Rana Sanga Sher Shah Suri Hemu Maharana Pratap Malik Ambar Gokula Pratapaditya Shivaji Lachit Borphukan Khushal Khattak Sir Josiah Child Guru Gobind Singh Henry Every Nader Shah Hector Munro

Provinces	Bengal Subah

See also	Art Cuisine Culture Flag Gardens Language Military Painting Persians Tribe Weapons Timurid dynasty family tree

Successor states	Marathas Durranis Mysore Sikhs Bengal Awadh Hyderabad Carnatic Rajputs Jats Bangash Pathans Rohilkhand

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