List of Jewish ethnonyms
An ethnonym is the name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms or endonyms (self-designation; where the name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). This article does not cover ethnic slurs.
List
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| Albanian | çifut (i/ja) (ethnic) |
| hebre (u/ja) (ethnic) | |
| izraelit (i/ja) | |
| Arabic | يهودي Yahūdī (sl.); يهود Yahūd (pl.) بنو إسرائيل Banū Isra’il عبري ʕibrī |
| Armenian | հրեա hrea (sing.); հրեաներ (pl.); ջհուդ jhud (sing., pejorative) |
| Basque | Judu or judutar |
| Bengali | Yeuhudi |
| Bulgarian | Евреин, evrein (masc.); еврейка, evreika (fem.); евреи, evrei (pl.); юдеи, yudei (pl., archaic) |
| Bosnian | Jevrej,Jevrejin, Židov, Ćifut, Ćifo/Ćifko (probably from Turkish (Çıfıt) or Kurdish (Cihû), derogatory) |
| Catalan | Jueu (masc. sig.); jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.); jueves (fem. pl.) |
| Chinese | 猶太人, Chinese, Traditional |
| 犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén | |
| Cornish | Yedhoweth |
| Croatian | Židov |
| Czech | Žid (as a member of nation) or žid (as a confessor of Judaism) |
| Danish | Jøde (sing.); Jøder (pl.) |
| Dutch | Jood |
| English | Jews, see Jew (word)1, old formal term israélite (as in the Crémieux Decree) |
| Hebrews2 | |
| Israelites or Children of Israel3 | |
| Esperanto | Judoj. L.L. Zamenhof described himself as hebreo. |
| Estonian | Juut |
| Finnish | Juutalainen |
| French | Juif (masc.); Juive (fem.) |
| Galego | Xudeu (masc. sing.); Xudía (fem. sing.); Xudeus (masc. pl.); Xudías (fem. pl.) |
| Georgian | ებრაელი, Ebraeli |
| German | Jude (masc.); Jüdin (fem.); Juden (pl.) |
| Greek | Ἰουδαῖος, Ioudaios1 |
| Ἑβραῖος, Hebraios (from Evrei)2 | |
| Ἰσραηλίτης, Israelites (from Israel)3 | |
| Hebrew | יהודי, Yehudi (sl.m); יהודיה, Yehudia (sl.f);יהודים, Yehudim/Yehudioth (pl.) 1 |
| עברי, Ivri (sl.m); עבריה, Ivria (sl.f); עברים, Ivrim/Ivrioth2 | |
| בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael (pl.)3 | |
| Hindi | Yahudi |
| Hungarian | Zsidó |
| Icelandic | gyðingur (sl.) |
| Indonesian/Malay | Yahudi, Banī Israel |
| Irish | Giúdach |
| Italian | Giudeo (masc. sing.); giudei (masc. pl.); [1] |
| Ebreo (masc. sing.); ebrei (masc. pl.); ebrea (fem. sing.); ebree (fem. pl.) | |
| Japanese | ユダヤ人, Yudayajin |
| Korean | 유태인, Yutae-in |
| Kurdish | Cihû, Mûsayî/مووسایی, Cûleke/جوله که |
| Ladino | djudio, Judio (singular) |
| los ebreos (the Jews) | |
| Latin | Iudaeus1 |
| Latvian | Ebrejs (sg.), Ebreji (pl.) |
| Lithuanian | Žydas (sg.), Žydai (pl.) |
| Norwegian | Jøde |
| Ojibwe | Zhoodawi (from the French: judéité) or Joowiwi (from the English: Jew) |
| Persian | جهود or يهود -- Johud (Persian) or Yahūdī (from Arabic); former sometimes considered pejorative. |
| کلیمی, Kalimi (religious) a follower of Kalim Allah, also a euphemism for Johud. | |
| Polish | Żyd (sg.), Żydzi (pl. neutral), , Żydowie (pl. respectful), Żydy (pl. contemptuous)[2] |
| Portuguese | Judeu ; judeus (masc. pl.); judia ; judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.) |
| Romanian | Evreu, israelit, jidov(archaic), ovrei (archaic and demeaning), jidan (highly pejorative) |
| Russian | Еврей, Yevrey (sg.); Евреи, Yevrei2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity; жид, zhid (masc. sing, pejorative), жидовка, zhidovka (fem. sing., pejorative); Russian language being rich in inflection, there is a large number of pejorative forms derived from the two basic ones. |
| Иудей, Iudey (sg.); Иудеи, Iudei1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism. | |
| Serbian | Јевреј Jevrej |
| Slovak | Žid |
| Spanish | Judío (m. sing) Judía (f. sing) Judíos (plu) Judías (f. plu) |
| Hebreo (m. sing) Hebrea (f. sing) Hebreos (plu) Hebreas (f. plu) | |
| Israelita (sing) Israelitas (plu) as in "Alianza Israelita Argentina". | |
| Swahili | Yahudi |
| Swedish | Jude |
| Tagalog | Hudyo, Israelita (both derived from Spanish) |
| Thai | คนยิว, khon yiu (from the English: Jew) |
| Tibetan | Yahutapa |
| Ukrainian | Жид (sl.); Жиди (pl.) |
| Urdu | Yahudi (sl.); Yahud (pl.) |
| Vietnamese | người Do Thái |
| Turkish | Yahudi, Çıfıt (religious) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative. |
| Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, also a euphemism for Yahudi. | |
| İbrani, (ethnic) a Hebrew. | |
| Welsh | Iddewon |
| Yiddish | איד,ייִד Yid1 (pronounced [ˈjɪd]) (sing.); ייִדן, Yidn (pronounced [ˈjɪdn̩]) (pl.) |
Obsolete
- Jews were often called (and occasionally called themselves) Palestinians, but after the emergence of Arab Palestinian nationalism and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the term "Palestinians" came to be used almost exclusively for Palestinian Arabs. (See Definitions of Palestinian)
See also
Footnotes
- 1 Ioudaios, Yehudi, Jewish, a "Judaean", "from the land of Yehuda (Judah, Judea)".
- 2 Ivri, Hebrew, "one who passes over", a reference to the Biblical patriarch Abraham (or possibly Eber).
- 3 Israel, "one who has struggled with God", the name given to the Biblical patriarch Jacob.
References
- ↑ http://www.wordreference.com/iten/giudeo
- ↑ Anna Wierzbicka, The Semantics of Grammar, ISBN 9027230196, 1988, p. 456
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