Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра (Russian)
—  Autonomous okrug  —
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Coordinates: 62°15′N 70°10′E / 62.250°N 70.167°ECoordinates: 62°15′N 70°10′E / 62.250°N 70.167°E
Political status
Country	Russia
Federal district	Urals[1]
Economic region	West Siberian[2]
Established	December 10, 1930
Administrative center	Khanty-Mansiysk
Government (as of March 2011)
• Governor	Natalya Komarova[3]
• Legislature	Duma
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[4]
• Total	534,800 km^2 (206,500 sq mi)
Area rank	9th
Population (2010 Census)[5]
• Total	1,532,243
• Rank	29th
• Density[6]	2.87/km^2 (7.4/sq mi)
• Urban	91.5%
• Rural	8.5%
Time zone(s)	YEKT (UTC+05:00)[7]
ISO 3166-2	RU-KHM
License plates	86
Official languages	Russian[8]
Official website

Map of Khantia-Mansia

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra or Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra^[9] (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra), also Khanty-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census).^[5]

The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people. The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug and along with their distant relative Hungarian are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%)^[10] of the oil produced in Russia comes from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance.

History

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak–Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.

Geography

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributary the Irtysh.

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census);^[5] 1,432,817 (2002 Census);^[11] 1,268,439 (1989 Census).^[12]

Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km², but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.

Ethnic groups

The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) is only 2.2% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2010 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:^[13]

Ethnic Group	%
Russian	68.1%
Tatar	7.6%
Ukrainian	6.4%
Bashkir	2.5%
Azeri	1.8%
Khanty	1.3%
Belarusians	1%
Kumyk	1%
Chuvash	0.9%
Lezgin	0.9%
Mansi	0.8%
Moldovan	0.7%
Uzbek	0.7%
Chechen	0.5%
German	0.5%
Armenian	0.4%
Other	5.9%

Historical population figures are shown below:

Ethnic group	1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census^1
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Khanty	12,238	13.1%	11,435	9.2%	12,222	4.5%	11,219	2.0%	11,892	0.9%	17,128	1.2%	19,068	1.3%
Mansi	5,768	6.2%	5,644	4.6%	6,684	2.5%	6,156	1.1%	6,562	0.5%	9,894	0.7%	10,977	0.8%
Nenets	852	0.9%	815	0.7%	940	0.3%	1,003	0.2%	1,144	0.1%	1,290	0.1%	1,438	0.1%
Komi	2,436	2.6%	2,803	2.3%	3,150	1.2%	3,105	0.5%	3,000	0.2%	3,081	0.2%	2,364	0.2%
Russians	67,616	72.5%	89,813	72.5%	208,500	76.9%	423,792	74.3%	850,297	66.3%	946,590	66.1%	973,978	68.1%
Ukrainians	1,111	1.2%	4,363	3.5%	9,986	3.7%	45,484	8.0%	148,317	11.6%	123,238	8.6%	91,323	6.4%
Tatars	2,227	2.4%	2,938	2.4%	14,046	5.2%	36,898	6.5%	97,689	7.6%	107,637	7.5%	108,899	7.6%
Others	1,026	1.1%	6,115	4.9%	15,629	5.8%	43,106	7.6%	163,495	12.7%	223,959	15.6%	173,536	12.6%
^1 102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[14]

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates
1970	281	5 959	2 025	3 934	21.2	7.2	14.0
1975	415	9 450	2 572	6 878	22.8	6.2	16.6
1980	649	13 901	4 116	9 785	21.4	6.3	15.1
1985	1 041	25 130	4 863	20 267	24.1	4.7	19.5
1990	1 274	21 812	5 354	16 458	17.1	4.2	12.9
1991	1 276	19 060	5 884	13 176	14.9	4.6	10.3
1992	1 270	15 849	7 132	8 717	12.5	5.6	6.9
1993	1 274	14 531	9 401	5 130	11.4	7.4	4.0	1,59
1994	1 286	15 120	9 937	5 183	11.8	7.7	4.0	1,59
1995	1 298	14 418	10 041	4 377	11.1	7.7	3.4	1,46
1996	1 310	14 469	9 508	4 961	11.0	7.3	3.8	1,39
1997	1 330	14 640	8 497	6 143	11.0	6.4	4.6	1,34
1998	1 351	15 600	8 164	7 436	11.5	6.0	5.5	1,39
1999	1 359	14 728	8 476	6 252	10.8	6.2	4.6	1,29
2000	1 372	15 579	9 426	6 153	11.4	6.9	4.5	1,34
2001	1 398	17 130	9 863	7 267	12.3	7.1	5.2	1,43
2002	1 426	19 051	9 829	9 222	13.4	6.9	6.5	1,54
2003	1 445	19 883	10 000	9 883	13.8	6.9	6.8	1,58
2004	1 456	20 377	9 828	10 549	14.0	6.8	7.2	1,59
2005	1 466	19 958	10 415	9 543	13.6	7.1	6.5	1,54
2006	1 476	20 366	10 077	10 289	13.8	6.8	7.0	1,56
2007	1 487	21 887	10 093	11 794	14.7	6.8	7.9	1,66
2008	1 500	23 197	10 215	12 982	15.5	6.8	8.7	1,74
2009	1 513	23 840	10 107	13 733	15.8	6.7	9.1	1,77
2010	1 527	25 089	10 447	14 642	16.4	6.8	9.6	1,84
2011	1 543	25 335	10 072	14 642	16.4	6.5	9.9	1,86
2012	1 558	27 686	9 949	17 737	17.6	6.3	11.3	2,02

Religion

Orthodox Church of the Resurrection in Khanty-Mansiysk. Orthodox Christianity is the main religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Religion in Yugra (2012)^[15][16]

  Russian Orthodoxy (38.1%)

  Muslim (11%)

  Unaffiliated Christian (5%)

  Rodnover and Khanty-Mansi native faiths (1%)

  Spiritual but not religious (23%)

  Atheist (11%)

  Other or undeclared (10.9%)

According to a 2012 official survey^[15] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.^[15]

Transport

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.

See also

• List of Chairmen of the Duma of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

References

1. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
2. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
3. Official website of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Natalya Vladimirovna Komarova, Governor of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
4. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
5. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
6. The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
7. Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
8. Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
9. "GENERAL INFORMATION". The official site of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra. 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
10. В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
11. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
12. Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
13. "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (XLS). 2010 Russian All-Population Census. 2010. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
14. Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
15. Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
16. 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.

External links

• Official website of Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
• The official website of the public authorities of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (Russian) (English)
• Official site of Khanty–Mansi Duma (Russian)