Laylat al-Qadr

"Night of Power" redirects here. For the novel by Spider Robinson, see Night of Power (novel).
Laylat al-Qadr

Reading Qur'an is one of the key observances of the Qadr night.
Official name ليلة القدر (Night of Decree)
Also called Night of Power, Night of Value, Night of Destiny, or Night of Measure
Observed by Muslims
Significance Night the Quran was revealed;
Angels descend to the earth and the annual decree is revealed to them;
Better than 1000 months of worship
Observances Night prayers, Reading Quran, Making Dua, Doing Dhikr, Observing Iʿtikāf
Date See text

Laylat al-Qadr (Arabic: لیلة القدر‎‎) (also known as Shab-e-Qadr , loaned from Persian), variously rendered in English as the Night of Decree, Night of Power, Night of Value, Night of Destiny, or Night of Measures, is in Islamic belief the night when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is one of the odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadan. Muslims believe that on this night the blessings and mercy of Allah are abundant, sins are forgiven, supplications are accepted, and that the annual decree is revealed to the angels who also descend to earth.

Revelation to Muhammad

Muslims believe that Laylat al-Qadr was the night when the Quran[1] was revealed to Muhammad from Allah. Most Muslims believe that revelation of the Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the angel Gabriel (Jibril in Arabic) in the lowest heaven, and then the subsequent verse-by-verse revelation to Muhammad by Gabriel, across 23 years. The revelation started in 610 CE at the Hira cave on Mount Nur in Mecca. The first Sura that was revealed was Sūrat al-ʿAlaq (in Arabic العلق). During the first revelation the first five verses of this Sura, or chapter, were revealed.

Sunnah

Muslims often offer extra prayers, particularly the night prayer. They hold a vigil, pray, seek Allah's forgiveness and mercy, and hope that their supplications will be accepted on this night. Mostly, they perform tilawat (reading the Quran).

Those who can afford to devote their time in remembrance of Allah stay in the mosque for the final ten days of Ramadan. This worship is called Iʿtikāf (retreat). They fast during the day and occupy themselves with the remembrance of Allah, performing voluntary prayers and studying the Quran, day and night, apart from the obligatory prayers which they perform with the congregation. Food and other necessities of life are provided for them during their stay in the mosque. By devoting time to remember Allah, Muslims also hope to receive divine favors and blessings connected to Laylat al-Qadr.

Date

Sunni Islam

Laylat al-Qadr is to be found in the last five odd nights occurring during the final 10 days of Ramadan. There is no mention in the Quran as to when the specific date is.[2][3] Therefore, in Islamic countries and Sunni communities all over the world, Laylat al-Qadr is found to be on the last nights of Ramadan, mostly in on one of the odd nights (21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th) whereby night precedes day. Many traditions insist particularly on the night before the 27th of Ramadan.[4][5][6]

27th of Ramadan Gregorian date [7]
1435 23 July 2014
1436 13 July 2015
1437 2 July 2016

Shia Islam

Similarly Lailatul Qadr' is to be found in the last ten odd nights of Ramadan but mostly on the 19th, 21st or 23rd of Ramadan. The 19th, according to the Shia belief coincides with the night Ali was attacked in the Mihrab while worshipping in the Great Mosque of Kufa, and died on the 21st of Ramadan. Shia Muslims worship and regard these three nights as greatly rewarding.

Many Shia Muslims, who make up the largest minority of Islamic followers — including the Ismailis and Dawoodi Bohras —.[8] observe Laylat al-Qadr on the 23rd night of Ramadan, in keeping with traditions received through Ali and his wife Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter and the Fatimid Imams The tradition is also said to have been articulated by Ja'far al-Sadiq and other Shia Imams.[9][10][5]

23rd of Ramadan Greogrian date [11]
1436 10 July 2015
1437 27 June 2016

Mahdavi Muslims

Mahdavi Muslims observe Laylat al-Qadar on the 27th night of Ramadan as Dougana Laylat al-Qadr (in Persian, the word Dogana means "double"; here the word Dougana symbolizes the two rak'ahs of prayer performed during this night). Following the practice and traditions of their promised Mahdi, Muhammad Jaunpuri, the Mahdavis dress in colorful traditional attire and converge at Mahdavia mosques in their respective localities. Past midnight, between 26 and 27 Ramadan they collectively offer two rak'ahs of thanksgiving prayers, led by their Murshids.

Mahdavis believe that God blessed them with this most valued night of might/power, by the virtue of Muhammad Jaunpuri while travelling from Thatta (now in Pakistani province of Sindh) towards Farah (now in Afghanistan). During his stay in Makran, Imam Mahdi, in compliance with divine order, offered Dogana Laylat al-Qadr past midnight of 27 Ramadan 908 AH along with his family members and companions at the nearby mountain, which was later named after him as Koh-e-Murad.[12][13]

Religious importance

Quran

We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power:
And what will explain to thee what the night of power is?
The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.
Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's permission, on every errand:
Peace!...This until the rise of dawn!
— Sura 97 (Al-Qadr), āyāt 1-5[14]

The verses above regard the night as better than one thousand months. The whole month of Ramadan is a period of spiritual training wherein believers devote much of their time to fasting, praying, reciting the Quran, remembering Allah, and giving charity. However, because of the revealed importance of this night, Muslims strive [give more effort] harder in the last ten days of Ramadan since the Laylat al-Qadr could be one of the odd-numbered days in these last ten (the first, third, fifth, seventh or ninth). Normally, some Muslims from each community perform iʿtikāf in the mosque: they remain in the mosque for the last ten days of the month for prayers and recitation. Women also observe i'tikaf. They remain in prayer and meditation mostly, although they are allowed to do the minimum domestic work to run the family. When Muhammed observed i'tikaf in a tent, he saw a few tents around his. His wives joined him by pitching tents.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dr. Muhammad Nayef Lau Sulayman mentioned in the holy book of the Almighty, Allah said about Sohuf: Indeed, this Qur'an guides to that which is most suitable and gives good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a great reward. Qur'an V17:09
  2. ↑ Islam and state in Sumatra: a study of seventeenth-century Aceh. p.128.
  3. ↑ Marjo Buitelaar. Fasting and feasting in Morocco: women's participation in ramzan. p.64
  4. ↑ Night of 27 Ramadan
  5. 1 2 Mohammad Younes, Arefi. "The importance of Qadr night and the secret behind it's being hidden". The message of Woman (in farsi). Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  6. ↑ Parsa, Farvardin. "Laylat al-Qadr from the viewpoint of Sunni Muslims". Andisheh Club. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  7. ↑ http://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/islam/laylat-al-kadr.php
  8. ↑ "The Ismaili: Laylat al-Qadr". Retrieved 2015-07-08.
  9. ↑ Staff. "Qadr night from the view point of Allamah Tabtabaei". Allamah Tabtabaei University. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  10. ↑ SUPPLICATIONS FOR THE MONTH OF RAMADHAN. Tayyiba Publishers & Distributors. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University". Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  12. ↑ Koh e Murad
  13. ↑ Dogana laytul qadr reference.
  14. ↑ Quran 97:1–5
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