Left axis deviation

The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.

In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°. This is reflected by a QRS complex positive in lead I and negative in leads aVF and II.[1]

Cause

Common causes of LAD include left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left anterior fascicular block (or hemiblock) and inferior myocardial infarction.[2][3] Less commonly LAD may be a normal variant, particularly in obese or stocky individuals, or it may be associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome or an ostium primum atrial septal defect.

LVH is generally recognised as a cause of LAD,[2][3][4] although some sources claim that LVH does not cause LAD.[1][5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Jenkins, Dean (1996). "The electrical axis at a glance". www.ecglibrary.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
  2. 1 2 Lilly, Leonard (2006). Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6321-9.
  3. 1 2 Kasper D, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1314. ISBN 0-07-147760-8.
  4. ↑ Burns, Ed. "Left Axis Deviation (LAD)". LITFL: Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
  5. ↑ http://www.fpnotebook.com/cv/exam/LftAxsDvtn.htm


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