List of U.S. states by incarceration and correctional supervision rate

This article has lists of U.S. states by adult incarceration and correctional supervision rates according to United States Department of Justice figures. Incarceration numbers include sentenced and unsentenced inmates in jails and state prisons, but not persons in federal prisons. It does not include youth held in juvenile detention.

A map of U.S. states by adult incarceration rate per 100,000 adult population. State prisons and local jails. Excludes federal prisoners.

Incarceration rate by state

U.S. states by incarceration rate under state prison or local jail jurisdiction per 100,000 population. Rates are for yearend 2013. Federal prison inmates are not included in the state rates. The table below has all 50 states plus the District of Columbia.

Note: There are 2 incarceration rate columns: One per 100,000 adults, and one per 100,000 of all ages.^[1]^[2]

Note: The rate columns can be sorted in ascending or descending order. The row number column on the left sorts separately. This way the states can be ranked by incarceration rate. Sort the state column to return to alphabetical order.






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Jurisdiction	Yearend 2013. In prison or jail	2013 rate per 100,000 adults	2013 rate per 100,000 of all ages
State	2,012,400	830	636
Federal	215,100	90	68
U.S. total	2,227,500	910	704

Alabama	46,000	1,230	951
Alaska	5,100	940	691
Arizona	55,200	1,090	831
Arkansas	22,800	1,010	770
California	218,800	750	569
Colorado	32,100	790	608
Connecticut	17,600	620	488
Delaware	7,000	960	756
District of Columbia	2,400	450	369
Florida	154,500	990	788
Georgia	91,600	1,220	916
Hawaii	5,600	510	397
Idaho	10,200	860	632
Illinois	69,300	700	537
Indiana	45,400	910	690
Iowa	12,700	530	410
Kansas	16,600	760	573
Kentucky	32,100	950	729
Louisiana	50,100	1,420	1,082
Maine	3,800	350	285
Maryland	32,700	710	550
Massachusetts	21,400	400	318
Michigan	60,200	790	608
Minnesota	15,700	380	289
Mississippi	28,800	1,270	962
Missouri	44,500	950	736
Montana	6,000	760	591
Nebraska	8,500	600	454
Nevada	19,900	930	712
New Hampshire	4,800	460	362
New Jersey	37,600	540	421
New Mexico	15,500	980	742
New York	81,400	530	413
North Carolina	55,300	730	561
North Dakota	2,700	470	373
Ohio	69,800	780	603
Oklahoma	37,900	1,300	983
Oregon	22,900	740	582
Pennsylvania	85,500	850	668
Rhode Island	3,400	400	322
South Carolina	32,600	880	683
South Dakota	5,300	820	626
Tennessee	48,100	960	740
Texas	221,800	1,130	836
Utah	12,500	620	430
Vermont	2,100	410	335
Virginia	58,800	910	710
Washington	29,700	550	425
West Virginia	9,700	660	523
Wisconsin	34,800	780	605
Wyoming	3,800	840	651

Comparison with other countries

Main article: Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries

The stats source is the World Prison Population List. 8th edition. Prisoners per 100,000 population.^[3]

The United States has the largest prison population in the world,^[4]^[5]^[6] and the second-highest per-capita incarceration rate, behind Seychelles (which in 2014 had a total prison population of 735 out of a population of around 92,000).^[4]^[7]

On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail.^[8]^[9] Total US incarceration peaked in 2008.^[1]

In addition to overall incarceration rates, the United States is also leading in rates of female incarceration. In the United States, women make up more than one tenth of the whole prison population.^[10] In most countries, the proportion of female inmates to the larger population is closer to one in twenty. Australia is the exception where the rate of female imprisonment increased from 9.2 percent in 1991 to 15.3 percent in 1999.^[11]

Comparing other English-speaking developed countries,^[4] whereas the incarceration rate in the US is 704 per 100,000 (as of 2013), the incarceration rate of Canada is 106 per 100,000 (as of 2014),^[12] England and Wales is 148 per 100,000 (as of 2015),^[13] and Australia is 151 per 100,000 (as of 2015).^[14] Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain is 141 per 100,000 (as of 2015),^[15] Greece is 120 per 100,000 (as of 2013),^[16] Norway is 71 per 100,000 (as of 2015),^[17] Netherlands is 75 per 100,000 (as of 2013),^[18] and Japan is 49 per 100,000 (as of 2014).^[19]

In addition, the United States has striking statistics when observing the racial dimension of mass incarceration. According to Michelle Alexander, the United States "imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid."^[20]

Correctional supervision rate by state

Chart below has numbers for people in adult facilities, and for people on probation and on parole.^[1] The incarceration numbers in the main part of the chart below are for sentenced and unsentenced inmates in adult facilities in local jails and state prisons, but not for people in federal prisons.

The bottom of the chart has totals and average rates for each column.

Federal prison numbers are added at the end of the chart. So the total number (local, state, and federal) under adult correctional supervision is 6,906,200. That is a correctional supervision rate of 2,830 per 100,000 U.S. adult residents. That rounds off to 2.8% of US adult residents.

Jurisdiction	Total		Community supervision		Incarcerated
Jurisdiction	Total, 12/31/2013	Rate per 100,000 adults	Probation or Parole, 12/31/2013	Rate per 100,000 adults	In prison or jail, 12/31/2013	Rate per 100,000 adults
Alabama	115,600	3,100	70,800	1,900	46,000	1,230
Alaska	14,600	2,670	9,500	1,730	5,100	940
Arizona	132,300	2,620	79,200	1,570	55,200	1,090
Arkansas	69,900	3,100	50,200	2,220	22,800	1,010
California	600,400	2,050	381,600	1,300	218,800	750
Colorado	120,700	2,970	89,700	2,210	32,100	790
Connecticut	62,900	2,230	45,400	1,610	17,600	620
Delaware	23,700	3,260	16,700	2,300	7,000	960
District of Columbia	13,700	2,540	12,600	2,330	2,400	450
Florida	389,400	2,490	237,800	1,520	154,500	990
Georgia	624,200	8,290	536,200	7,120	91,600	1,220
Hawaii	28,900	2,630	23,300	2,120	5,600	510
Idaho	45,500	3,820	35,200	2,960	10,200	860
Illinois	222,700	2,250	153,400	1,550	69,300	700
Indiana	179,400	3,580	134,000	2,680	45,400	910
Iowa	45,900	1,930	34,700	1,460	12,700	530
Kansas	37,100	1,710	20,500	940	16,600	760
Kentucky	97,600	2,880	65,900	1,940	32,100	950
Louisiana	115,700	3,280	70,700	2,010	50,100	1,420
Maine	10,500	980	6,700	630	3,800	350
Maryland	74,800	1,620	46,300	1,010	32,700	710
Massachusetts	91,100	1,710	70,000	1,310	21,400	400
Michigan	253,700	3,310	195,200	2,550	60,200	790
Minnesota	123,500	2,970	107,800	2,590	15,700	380
Mississippi	67,400	2,980	38,600	1,710	28,800	1,270
Missouri	114,900	2,460	70,400	1,510	44,500	950
Montana	14,800	1,870	9,500	1,190	6,000	760
Nebraska	23,200	1,640	14,800	1,050	8,500	600
Nevada	37,500	1,750	17,600	820	19,900	930
New Hampshire	11,100	1,050	6,300	590	4,800	460
New Jersey	164,100	2,380	128,100	1,860	37,600	540
New Mexico	34,200	2,170	18,700	1,180	15,500	980
New York	228,100	1,470	151,400	980	81,400	530
North Carolina	156,000	2,050	100,600	1,320	55,300	730
North Dakota	8,100	1,430	5,500	960	2,700	470
Ohio	335,500	3,750	267,400	2,990	69,800	780
Oklahoma	67,700	2,320	unk	unk	37,900	1,300
Oregon	84,100	2,720	61,100	1,980	22,900	740
Pennsylvania	355,600	3,530	275,800	2,730	85,500	850
Rhode Island	24,600	2,930	23,400	2,790	3,400	400
South Carolina	73,500	1,980	40,900	1,100	32,600	880
South Dakota	14,800	2,310	9,500	1,490	5,300	820
Tennessee	122,500	2,440	77,900	1,550	48,100	960
Texas	711,900	3,640	508,000	2,600	221,800	1,130
Utah	25,200	1,250	14,500	720	12,500	620
Vermont	8,600	1,710	6,900	1,370	2,100	410
Virginia	114,600	1,780	55,800	870	58,800	910
Washington	139,200	2,570	111,100	2,060	29,700	550
West Virginia	20,500	1,390	11,000	750	9,700	660
Wisconsin	98,100	2,200	65,300	1,470	34,800	780
Wyoming	9,700	2,180	6,000	1,340	3,800	840
State	6,559,200	2,690	4,619,400	1,900	2,012,400	830
Federal	347,000	140	131,900	50	215,100	90
U.S. total	6,906,200	2830	4,751,400	1950	2,227,500	910

Juvenile detention

Further information: Youth incarceration in the United States

Juvenile detention totals from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.^[21]

References

1 2 3 Correctional Populations In The United States, 2013. Published December 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Lauren E. Glaze and Danielle Kaeble, BJS Statisticians. The numbers are from Appendix Table 1 in the PDF.
↑ State Totals: Vintage 2014. By U.S. Census Bureau. See: "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 (NST-EST2014-01)". 2013 state populations were taken from that. Also, the 2013 national population. See the CSV and FactFinder links. The 2013 populations were used to calculate the incarceration rate per 100,000 of all ages.
↑ Walmsley, Roy (30 Jan 2009). World Prison Population List (8th Edition). From World Prison Population Lists. By International Centre for Prison Studies. "The information is the latest available in early December 2008. … Most figures relate to dates between the beginning of 2006 and the end of November 2008." According to the summary on page one there were 2.29 million U.S. inmates and 9.8 million inmates worldwide. The U.S. held 23.4% of the world's inmates. The U.S. total in this report is for December 31, 2007 (see page 3), and does not include inmates in juvenile detention facilities.
1 2 3 Entire world – Prison Population Rates per 100,000 of the national population. Highest to Lowest Rates. For more details about the figures of any country, click on the name of that country. World Prison Brief. International Centre for Prison Studies. See this page for breakdowns by region, whole world, prison population total, prison population rate, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate.
↑ Mahapatra, Lisa (19 March 2014). Incarcerated In America: Why Are So Many People In US Prisons? (CHARTS). International Business Times. Chart showing incarceration rates of 50 most populous countries. Another chart showing what the inmates in the USA are in for (does not indicate reasons for probation and parole violations. Those offenses, such as drug tests, etc. change the breakdown of what inmates are in for).
↑ National Research Council. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014: "The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons."
↑ Seychelles. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008. February 28, 2008. The Pew Center on the States.
↑ Liptak, Adam (28 Feb 2008). 1 in 100 U.S. Adults Behind Bars, New Study Says. New York Times.
↑ Carlen, Pat (2004). Analysing Women's Imprisonment. Portland: Willan Publishing. p. 43.
↑ Carlen, Pat (2004). Analysing Women's Imprisonment. Portland: Willan Publishing. p. 42.
↑ Canada. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ United Kingdom: England & Wales. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Australia. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Spain. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Greece. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Norway. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Netherlands. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Japan. International Centre for Prison Studies.
↑ Alexander, Michelle (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. p. 7.
↑ Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement". Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all the years. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

External links

Incarceration of adults in the United States

This template pertains only to agencies that handle sentenced felons (with sentences over 1-2 years). In many states pre-trial, misdemeanor, and/or those sentenced under state law with sentences of fewer than one year are in county jails instead of state prisons.

Federal Bureau of Prisons	List of U.S. federal prisons Federal Prison Industries

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Federal District	Felons: Federal Bureau of Prisons, Misdemeanants: District of Columbia DOC

Insular Areas	American Samoa Guam Guantanamo Bay Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Military prisons

US state prisons	List of U.S. state prisons

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