Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect

Not to be confused with Orsmaal-Gussenhoven Dutch or an Orsmaal-Gussenhoven accent, the accent/regional variety of Standard Dutch spoken in Orsmaal-Gussenhoven.

Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect
Native to	Belgium
Region	Linter
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Low Franconian Dutch Brabantian dialect Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

The Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect is a subdialect of Brabantian spoken in Orsmaal-Gussenhoven, a village in the Linter municipality.^[1]

Phonology

Main article: Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes^[2]
		Labial	Alveolar		Postalveolar	Dorsal		Glottal
		Labial	hard	soft	Postalveolar	hard	soft	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t	tʲ		k	kʲ
Stop	voiced	b	d
Fricative	voiceless	f	s		ʃ	x		h
Fricative	voiced	v	z		ʒ	ɣ
Approximant		β	l				j
Rhotic			r

/h/ is restricted to morpheme-initial position. It may be dropped by some speakers, either sometimes or always.^[3]
/r/ has a few possible realizations:
- Apical trill [r] or an apical fricative [ɹ̝] before a stressed vowel in word-initial syllables.^[3]
- Intervocalically and in the onset after a consonant, it may be a tap [ɾ].^[3]
- Word-final /r/ is highly variable; the most frequent variants are an apical trill fricative [r̝], an apical fricative [ɹ̝] and an apical rhotic affricate [ɾ͡ɹ̝]. The last two variants tend to be voiceless ([ɹ̝̊, ɾ̥͡θ̠]) in pre-pausal position.^[3]
- The sequence /ər/ can be realized as [ɐ], as in many varieties of German. Alternatively, /r/ can be dropped: [ə].^[4]
/β, j/ appear only word-initially and intervocalically.^[3]

Vowels

Monophthongs of the Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect, from Peters (2010:241)

Non-centering diphthongs of the Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect, from Peters (2010:241)

Centering diphthongs of the Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect, from Peters (2010:241). /ɔə/ is not shown.

Monophthong phonemes^[5]
	Front				Central		Back
	unrounded		rounded		unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close		iː	(y)	yː				uː
Near-close	j		ʏ				ʊ
Close-mid		eː		øː			(o)	oː
Open-mid	ɛ	ɛː	œ	œː	ə		ɔ
Open					a	aː	ɒ	ɒː

Short /y, o/ occur only in a few loanwords from French.^[6]
Among the open-mid vowels, only /ɛː, œː/ are open-mid [ɛː, œː], whereas /ɛ, œ, ə, ɔ/ are actually mid [ɛ̝, œ̝, ə, ɔ̝].^[5]
- /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.^[7]
When stressed, short vowels cannot occur in open syllables. Exceptions to this rule are high-frequency words like [βa] 'what', and loanwords from French, such as [dəˈpo] 'depot'.^[6]

Diphthong phonemes^[8]
Starting point	Ending point
Starting point	Front	Central	Back
Close	uɪ	iə
Close-mid	ei øy	eə
Mid			əʊ
Open-mid	ɛɪ œʏ	ɛə ɔə	ɞʊ
Open	aɪ		aʊ

/iə, eə, ɛə/ occur syllable-finally and before labial and alveolar consonants, where they contrast with /iː, eː, ɛː/.^[6]
/ɔə/ appears only before tautosyllabic /t, d/.^[6]

References

↑ Peters (2010), p. 239.
↑ Peters (2010), pp. 239–240.
1 2 3 4 5 Peters (2010), p. 240.
↑ Peters (2010), p. 245.
1 2 Peters (2010), p. 241.
1 2 3 4 Peters (2010), p. 242.
↑ Peters (2010), pp. 240–241.
↑ Source for /ɔə/: Peters (2010), p. 242. Source for the rest: Peters (2010), p. 241.

Bibliography

Peters, Jörg (2010), "The Flemish–Brabant dialect of Orsmaal–Gussenhoven", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 239–246, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000083

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