Pulp and paper industry

Paper mill Mondi SCP in Ružomberok, Slovakia.

The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.

The industry is dominated by North American (United States and Canada), northern European (Finland, Sweden, and North-West Russia) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea). Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009.^[1]

The industry is criticized by environmental groups like the Natural Resources Defense Council for unsustainable deforestation and clearcutting of old-growth forest.^[2] The industry trend is to expand globally to countries like Russia, China and Indonesia with low wages and low environmental oversight.^[3] According to Greenpeace, farmers in Central America illegally rip up vast tracts of native forest for cattle and soybean production without any consequences,^[4] and companies who buy timber from private land owners contribute to massive deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest.^[5]

Considering that the pulp and paper industry is a practitioner of nanotechnology,^[6] then it is easily the world's largest.^[7]

List of main countries by production quantity

According to statistic data by RISI, main producing countries of paper and paperboard, not including pulp, in the world are as follows:^[8]

Rank 2011	Country	Production in 2011 (1,000 ton)	Share 2011	Rank 2010	Production in 2010 (1,000 ton)
1	China	99,300	24.9%	1	92,599
2	United States	75,083	18.8%	2	75,849
3	Japan	26,627	6.7%	3	27,288
4	Germany	22,698	5.7%	4	23,122
5	Canada	12,112	3.0%	5	12,787
6	South Korea	11,492	2.9%	8	11,120
7	Finland	11,329	2.8%	6	11,789
8	Sweden	11,298	2.8%	7	11,410
9	Brazil	10,159	2.5%	10	9,796
10	Indonesia	10,035	2.5%	9	9,951
	World Total	398,975	100.0%		394,244

List of main company groups by production quantity

The world's main paper and paperboard company groups are as follows. (Some figures are estimates.):^[9]

Rank	Company Group	Country	Production in 2010 (1,000 ton)	Rank by Sales
1	Asia Pulp and Paper	Indonesia	19,000	1
1	International Paper	United States	11,922	2
2	Stora Enso	Finland	10,812	3
3	UPM	Finland	9,914	7
4	Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget	Sweden	8,948	6
5	Smurfit Kappa Group	Ireland	7,650	9
6	Nippon Paper	Japan	7,292	5
7	Nine Dragons Paper	China	7,280	31
8	Sappi	South Africa	6,900	11
9	Oji Paper	Japan	6,861	4
10	Smurfit-Stone Container	United States	5,896	13
11	Abitibi Bowater	Canada	5,318	20
12	NewPage	United States	4,400	23
13	Norske Skog	Norway	3,998	30
14	Mondi	United Kingdom/ South Africa	3,697	10
15	Temple-Inland	United States	3,660	28
16	Lee & Man Paper	China	3,500	46
17	Domtar	Canada	3,482	15
18	Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings	China	3,350	35
19	Cascades	Canada	3,330	22
20	Siam Cement (SCC)	Thailand	3,191	51

List by net sales

2007

In 2007, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:^[10]

Rank	Company	Country	2007 Net Sales (US$M)	2007 Net Income (Loss) (US$M)
1	International Paper	USA	21,890	1,168
2	Stora Enso	Finland	18,322	(291)
3	Kimberly-Clark	USA	18,266	1,822
4	SCA	Sweden	15,675	1,056
5	Weyerhaeuser	USA	13,949	462
6	UPM	Finland	13,748	111
7	Oji Paper	Japan	10,439	146
8	Metsäliitto	Finland	10,507	(12)
9	Nippon Unipac	Japan	9,990	195
10	Smurfit Kappa	Ireland	9,963	202

2008

In 2008, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:^[11]

Rank	Company	Country	2008 Net Sales (US$M)	2008 Net Income (Loss) (US$M)
1	International Paper	United States	24,829	(1,282)
2	Kimberly-Clark	United States	19,415	1,690
3	SCA	Sweden	16,965	857
4	Stora Enso	Finland	16,227	(991)
5	UPM	Finland	13,920	(263)
6	Oji Paper	Japan	12,788	114
7	Nippon Unipac	Japan	11,753	55
8	Smurfit Kappa	Ireland	10,390	(73)
9	Metsäliitto	Finland	9,335	(313)
10	Mondi Group	UK/ South Africa	9,466	(310)

Leading manufacturers of capital equipment with over $1 billion in annual revenue for the pulp and paper industry include:

References

↑ De Sisti, Mike (12 December 2012). "China's Paper Operation". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
↑ "NRDC: Paper Industry Laying Waste to North American Forests". www.nrdc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ "A crumpling paper industry". Oregon Local News. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ "Amazon draught speeds up destruction The WE News Archives". www.thewe.cc. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ Phillips, Tom (2011-05-20). "Brazil forms 'crisis cabinet' following unexpected deforestation surge". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ Pira International Ltd. Nanotechnology in Paper Production. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. ISBN 184735811X.
↑ Hubbe, M.A. (2006). "Does production of the world's highest-tonnage manufactured item often involve nanotechnology?". Nanotechnology Perceptions. 2 (3): 263–265. ISSN 1660-6795.
↑ "Japan in the World (according to the figure in Annual Review of Global Pulp and Paper Statistics by RISI)" (in Japanese). Japan Paper Association. Retrieved Dec.17, 2011 and Nov.15, 2012. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "The PPI Top 100 - most companies in the black". RISI. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
↑ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2008 Edition – Survey of 2007 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 7. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
↑ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2009 Edition - Survey of 2008 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 12. Retrieved 2011-02-24.

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