South African Class 16A 4-6-2

No. 852, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, June 1936

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways (D.A. Hendrie)
Builder	North British Locomotive Company
Serial number	20956-20957
Model	Class 16A
Build date	1915
Total produced	2

Specifications
Configuration	4-6-2 (Pacific)
Driver	1st coupled axle (Inner cylinders) 2nd coupled axle (Outer cylinders)
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	30 in (762 mm)
Coupled dia.	60 in (1,524 mm)
Trailing dia.	33 in (838 mm)
Tender wheels	34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase	57 ft 7 ¹⁄₄ in (17,558 mm)
• Engine	31 ft 1 in (9,474 mm)
• Leading	6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)
• Coupled	10 ft 9 in (3,277 mm)
• Tender	16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	65 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in (20,107 mm)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
Axle load	16 LT 18 cwt (17,170 kg)
• Leading	16 LT 8 cwt (16,660 kg)
• Coupled	16 LT 18 cwt (17,170 kg)
• Trailing	14 LT (14,220 kg)
• Tender bogie	27 LT 10 cwt (27,940 kg) Bogie 2: 23 LT 11 cwt (23,930 kg)
• Tender axle	13 LT 15 cwt (13,970 kg)
Adhesive weight	50 LT 14 cwt (51,510 kg)
Loco weight	81 LT 2 cwt (82,400 kg)
Tender weight	51 LT 1 cwt (51,870 kg) w/o
Total weight	132 LT 3 cwt (134,300 kg) w/o
Tender type	MP1 (2-axle bogies) MP, MP1, MR, MS, MT, MT1, MT2, MX, MY, MY1 permitted
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap	4,250 imp gal (19,300 l)
Firebox type	Belpaire
• Firegrate area	36 sq ft (3.3 m²)
Boiler:
• Pitch	7 ft 9 in (2,362 mm)
• Diameter	5 ft 1 ⁵⁄₈ in (1,565 mm)
• Tube plates	19 ft 9 in (6,020 mm)
• Small tubes	119: 2 ¹⁄₄ in (57 mm)
• Large tubes	21: 5 ¹⁄₂ in (140 mm)
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,379 kPa)
Safety valve	Ramsbottom
Heating surface	2,121.5 sq ft (197.09 m²)
• Tubes	1,975.5 sq ft (183.53 m²)
• Firebox	146 sq ft (13.6 m²)
Superheater:
• Heating area	459.5 sq ft (42.69 m²)
Cylinders	Four
Cylinder size	14 in (356 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Valve type	Piston
Couplers	Bell link-and-pin

Performance figures
Tractive effort	25,480 lbf (113.3 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 16A
Number in class	2
Numbers	851-852
Delivered	1915
First run	1915
Withdrawn	1944

The 2nd coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 16A 4-6-2 of 1915 was a steam locomotive.

In 1915, the South African Railways placed two experimental four-cylinder simple expansion steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service. They were designated Class 16A.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Manufacturer

The Class 16A 4-6-2 Pacific type locomotive was designed by D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1910 to 1922, and was built in 1915 by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) in Glasgow, Scotland. Two locomotives were delivered in November 1915, numbered 851 and 852.^[2]^[3]

Except that they had four cylinders instead of the usual two, they were identical in most respects to their predecessors, the Class 16, which were delivered by NBL a year earlier. They were also superheated, with Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes, and were also delivered with Type MP1 tenders with a 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes) coal capacity and a 4,250 imperial gallons (19,300 litres) water capacity.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Four-cylinder experiment

With the Class 16A, Hendrie experimented with four-cylinder simple expansion (simplex) steam power. All four cylinders were arranged in line below the smokebox. The Walschaerts valve gear had rocker arms attached to the tail ends of the outer piston valves, which passed through the frames and then actuated the adjacent inner piston's valves. It operated in the simplex configuration, whereby steam is fed directly to all four cylinders and spent steam is exhausted by all cylinders directly through the smokebox and up the chimney.^[2]^[3]

D.A. Hendrie

All four cylinders were the same size, with a 14 inches (356 millimetres) bore and 26 inches (660 millimetres) stroke, which presented a number of problems which had to be overcome to arrange two of these in the limited space between the frames. The outer cylinders drove the centre pair of coupled wheels, while the inner cylinders operated on a cranked leading coupled wheel axle, with each inside crank arranged at an angle of 180 degrees with its adjacent outside crank.^[1]^[2]

The arrangement made for a very smooth-running locomotive, capable of very fast running, since the shouldering effect which occurs on two-cylinder locomotives was completely absent. They were very popular with their crews because of their smooth and steady running.^[1]

They did, however, have less tractive effort than the two-cylinder Class 16. Even though the Class 16A experiment was successful, the available space on a Cape gauge locomotive for four equal-sized in-line cylinders would prevent larger diameter cylinders from being fitted, and the four-cylinder design was therefore never repeated by the SAR.^[2]^[7]

Service

The two locomotives were placed in service on the Reef, where they operated with reasonable success. Their biggest disadvantage was the difficult access to the inner cylinders. The last of these locomotives was withdrawn from service and scrapped during 1944.^[2]^[3]

Illustration

The main picture shows no. 852 on train no. 75, departing Braamfontein in June 1936, while a side view is shown in the builder's picture below.

No. 852 in the SAR battleship grey livery

References

1 2 3 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, August 1945. pp. 594-595.
1 2 3 4 5 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 65–66. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
↑ South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.
↑ South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43.
↑ Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. pp. 17–18. ISBN 0715386387.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 16A (4-6-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

South African steam locomotive tenders

Cape gauge	Type CL Type CZ Type ET Type ET1 Type EW Type EW1 Type EW2 Type FT Type GT Type HT Type JT Type JT1 Type JV Type KT Type LP Type MP Type MP1 Type MR Type MS Type MT Type MT1 Type MT2 Type MX Type MY Type MY1 Type SH Type SK Type TJ Type TL Type TM Type WE Type WG Type X-17 Type X-20 Type XC Type XC1 Type XD Type XE Type XE1 Type XF Type XF1 Type XF2 Type XJ Type XM Type XM1 Type XM2 Type XM3 Type XM4 Type XP1 Type XS Type YB Type YC Type YE Type YE1 Type ZA Type ZB Type ZC Type ZE

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

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