South African Class 19B 4-8-2

South African Class 19B & 19BR 4-8-2

No. 1412 taking water at Blouwater, c. 2001

Type and origin
♠ Class 19B as built with a round-topped firebox ♥ Class 19BR rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler ♣ Type MT tender - ♦ Type MP1 tender
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways (Col F.R. Collins DSO)
Builder	Berliner Maschinenbau
Serial number	9827-9840
Model	Class 19B
Build date	1930
Total produced	14

Specifications
Configuration	4-8-2 (Mountain)
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	28 ¹⁄₂ in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.	54 in (1,372 mm)
Trailing dia.	34 in (864 mm)
Tender wheels	♣♦ 34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase	♦ 58 ft 8 ³⁄₄ in (17,901 mm)
• Engine	32 ft 3 in (9,830 mm)
• Leading	6 ft 4 in (1,930 mm)
• Coupled	14 ft 5 in (4,394 mm)
• Tender	♣ 20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm) ♦ 16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
• Tender bogie	♣ 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) ♦ 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Wheel spacing (Asymmetrical)	1-2: 4 ft 10 in (1,473 mm) 2-3: 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) 3-4: 4 ft 10 in (1,473 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	♦ 67 ft 3 ¹⁄₂ in (20,510 mm)
Height	♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥ 12 ft 10 ⁷⁄₈ in (3,934 mm)
Frame type	Bar
Axle load	♠ 13 LT 16 cwt (14,020 kg) ♥ 13 LT 6 cwt (13,510 kg)
• Leading	14 LT 4 cwt (14,430 kg)
• 1st coupled	12 LT 15 cwt (12,950 kg)
• 2nd coupled	12 LT 16 cwt (13,010 kg)
• 3rd coupled	12 LT 19 cwt (13,160 kg)
• 4th coupled	12 LT 14 cwt (12,900 kg)
• Trailing	♠ 13 LT 16 cwt (14,020 kg) ♥ 13 LT 6 cwt (13,510 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: ♣ 32 LT 18 cwt (33,430 kg) ♦ 27 LT 10 cwt (27,940 kg) Bogie 2: ♣ 33 LT 2 cwt (33,630 kg) ♦ 23 LT 11 cwt (23,930 kg)
• Tender axle	♣ 16 LT 11 cwt (16,820 kg) ♦ 13 LT 15 cwt (13,970 kg)
Adhesive weight	51 LT 4 cwt (52,020 kg)
Loco weight	78 LT 14 cwt (79,960 kg)
Tender weight	♣ 66 LT (67,060 kg) ♦ 51 LT 1 cwt (51,870 kg)
Total weight	♣ 144 LT 14 cwt (147,000 kg) ♦ 129 LT 15 cwt (131,800 kg)
Tender type	MT (2-axle bogies) MP1 (2-axle bogies) MP, MP1, MR, MT, MX, MY, MY1 permitted
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	♣ 12 LT (12.2 t) ♦ 10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap	♣ 6,000 imp gal (27,300 l) ♦ 4,250 imp gal (19,300 l)
Firebox type	Round-top
• Firegrate area	♠ 37 sq ft (3.4 m²) ♥ 36 sq ft (3.3 m²)
Boiler:
• Model	Watson Standard no. 1A
• Pitch	8 ft (2,438 mm)
• Diameter	5 ft (1,524 mm)
• Tube plates	20 ft 2 in (6,147 mm)
• Small tubes	♠ 120: 2 ¹⁄₄ in (57 mm) ♥ 76: 2 ¹⁄₂ in (64 mm)
• Large tubes	♠ 21: 5 ¹⁄₂ in (140 mm) ♥ 24: 5 ¹⁄₂ in (140 mm)
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,379 kPa)
Safety valve	Pop
Heating surface	♠ 2,176 sq ft (202.2 m²) ♥ 1,839 sq ft (170.8 m²)
• Tubes	♠ 2,036 sq ft (189.2 m²) ♥ 1,700 sq ft (160 m²)
• Arch tubes	♠ 13 sq ft (1.2 m²) ♥ 16 sq ft (1.5 m²)
• Firebox	♠ 127 sq ft (11.8 m²) ♥ 123 sq ft (11.4 m²)
Superheater:
• Heating area	♠ 506 sq ft (47.0 m²) ♥ 404 sq ft (37.5 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	21 in (533 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts (1401–1413) Caprotti (1414)
Valve type	Piston
Couplers	AAR knuckle

Performance figures
Tractive effort	31,850 lbf (141.7 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 19B, 19BR
Number in class	14
Numbers	1401–1414
Nicknames	Baby
Delivered	1930
First run	1930
Withdrawn	c. 1977

The South African Railways Class 19B 4-8-2 of 1930 is a steam locomotive.

In 1930, the South African Railways placed fourteen Class 19B steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. One of them was later reboilered and reclassified to Class 19BR.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Manufacturer

Fourteen Class 19B 4-8-2 Mountain type steam locomotives were built in Germany by Berliner Maschinenbau AG (BMAG), the former L. Schwartzkopff, and were delivered in 1930. All but one were built with Walschaerts valve gear.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Characteristics

Col F.R. Collins DSO

The South African Class 19B locomotive, numbered in the range from 1401 to 1414, was a later model of the original Class 19, which had been designed in 1928 under the supervision of Colonel F.R. Collins DSO, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the SAR from 1922 to 1929. It was virtually identical to the Class 19, apart from the wheelbase of the front bogie, which had been increased from 6 feet 2 inches (1,880 millimetres) to 6 feet 4 inches (1,930 millimetres) to improve the clearance between the cylinders and the bogie wheels, since the bogie wheels of predecessors Classes 19 and 19A fouled the cylinder covers on sharp curves. The longer wheelbase bogie also facilitated the removal of cylinder covers at running sheds. Because of this difference, the new engines were designated Class 19B.^[1]^[2]

The first thirteen Class 19B locomotives were delivered with Walschaerts valve gear, but no. 1414 was equipped with Caprotti valve gear as an experiment. After thirteen years, however, the Caprotti valve gear was removed at the Uitenhage workshops and replaced with Walschaerts valve gear in January 1943. The experiment did result in the successor Class 19C being built with Rotary Cam Poppet valve gear.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The trailing bissel truck was constructed with three holes to enable the compensating beam to be fitted at three locations, which enabled it to be used to redistribute the engine's weight on the trailing axle. The axle load weights as shown for the Class 19B are with the trailing truck compensating beam pin in the rearmost of the three holes. The axle load weights as shown for the Class 19BR are also with the trailing truck compensating beam pin in the rearmost of the three holes.^[1]^[4]^[5]

As built, the Class 19B was delivered with Type MT tenders with a 12 long tons (12.2 tonnes) coal and a 6,000 imperial gallons (27,300 litres) water capacity, even though the axle load of 16 long tons 11 hundredweight (16,820 kilograms) of these tenders exceeded the permissible limits on the branchlines for which the Class 19B was intended. Upon delivery, their new Type MT tenders were exchanged for the smaller modified Type MP1 tenders from some of the reboilered mainline locomotives. The Type MP1 had a lighter axle load of 13 long tons 15 hundredweight (13,970 kilograms) and was therefore more suitable for branchline work. This policy was followed with all the Classes 19B, 19C and 19D, except the last batch of Class 19D which was delivered with Type MX torpedo tenders.^[1]^[4]^[5]

Watson Standard boilers

From the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type, designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.^[3]^[4]^[5]

When Class 19B no. 1410 was reboilered with a Watson Standard no. 1A boiler, it therefore became the sole member of Class 19BR. It was not equipped with a Watson cab with its distinctive inclined front in the process, but retained its original vertical fronted cab. It did, however, have the tell-tale rectangular regulator cover, just to the rear of the chimney, which identified it as a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Service

South African Railways

Some Class 19B locomotives served around Cape Town and between Kimberley and Vryburg, but most of them spent their working lives on the line between Graaff Reinet and Rosmead across the Lootsberg Pass, until they were eventually replaced by Class 19D locomotives. A couple were also allocated to Sydenham in Port Elizabeth and occasionally worked on the Grahamstown branch. By 1977, they were all withdrawn from service.^[3]^[6]

Industrial

After being retired from SAR service, several were sold into a second career in industrial service.^[6]

No. 1402 went to New Largo Colliery in Transvaal and later to the Enyati Railway.
Numbers 1407 and 1409 went to Lorraine Gold Mine in the Orange Free State.
Numbers 1410 and 1411 went to the Free State Geduld Gold Mine as numbers 8 and 7 respectively. They later became Freegold North numbers 10 and 11.
No. 1413 went to the Fluor for Sasol plant in Transvaal.

Illustration

The main picture shows the Transnet National Collection's preserved Class 19B no. 1412 taking water at Blouwater before piloting a Class GMAM Garratt and the Union Express across the Lootsberg Pass, c. 2001. When retired, no. 1412 was initially plinthed at Middelburg in the Cape Province and later restored. During 2016, she re-entered service as Bailey, restored at Voorbaai for the Ceres Rail Company.^[6]

Class 19B on a Cape suburban, c. 1940
Reboilered Class 19BR no. 1410 at Sydenham, Port Elizabeth, c. 1966
Class 19B Daisy taking water, c. 1940
No. 1413 at Secunda with Sasol-applied smoke deflectors, c. 1980

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 67–68, 93. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, Jul 1946. pp. 542.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 8, 10–11, 71. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 3 4 5 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 27, 45.
1 2 3 4 5 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 27, 45.
1 2 3 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0715386387.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 19B (4-8-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

South African steam locomotive tenders

Cape gauge	Type CL Type CZ Type ET Type ET1 Type EW Type EW1 Type EW2 Type FT Type GT Type HT Type JT Type JT1 Type JV Type KT Type LP Type MP Type MP1 Type MR Type MS Type MT Type MT1 Type MT2 Type MX Type MY Type MY1 Type SH Type SK Type TJ Type TL Type TM Type WE Type WG Type X-17 Type X-20 Type XC Type XC1 Type XD Type XE Type XE1 Type XF Type XF1 Type XF2 Type XJ Type XM Type XM1 Type XM2 Type XM3 Type XM4 Type XP1 Type XS Type YB Type YC Type YE Type YE1 Type ZA Type ZB Type ZC Type ZE

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

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