Tagar culture

Bronze Age
↑ Chalcolithic
Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC) Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Egypt, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Bronze Age collapse South Asia (c. 3000– 1200 BC) Ochre Coloured Pottery Cemetery H Europe (c. 3200–600 BC) Aegean, Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubna culture, Beaker culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Hallstatt culture, Apennine culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age China (c. 2000–700 BC) Erlitou, Erligang
arsenical bronze writing, literature sword, chariot
↓Iron Age

The Tagar culture (Russian: Тагарская культура) was a Bronze Age archeological culture which flourished between the 8th and 2nd centuries BC in South Siberia (Republic of Khakassia, southern part of Krasnoyarsk Territory, eastern part of Kemerovo Province).^[1] The culture was named after an island in the Yenisei River opposite Minusinsk. The civilization was one of the largest centres of bronze-smelting in ancient Eurasia.

The Tagar culture was preceded by the Karasuk culture.^[1]^[2] The Tagars have been described by archaeologists as exhibiting pronounced Europoid features.^[2]^[3] They are believed to have belonged to the Scythian circle.^[3]^[4] They lived in timber dwellings heated by clay ovens and large hearths. Some settlements were surrounded by fortifications. They made a living by raising livestock, predominantly large horned livestock and horses, goats and sheep. Harvest was collected with bronze sickles and reaping knives. The Tagar produced animal art motifs (Scythian art) very similar to the Scythians of southern European Russia.^[2] Perhaps the most striking feature of the culture are huge royal kurgans fenced by stone plaques, with four vertical stelae marking the corners. The Tagar culture was succeeded by the Tashtyk culture.^[2]^[5]

In 2009, a genetic study of ancient Siberian cultures, the Andronovo culture, tha Karasuk culture, the Tagar culture and the Tashtyk culture, was published in Human Genetics.^[2] Twelve indiduals of the Tagar culture from 800 BC to 100 AD were surveyed.^[2] Extractions of mtDNA from ten individuals were determined to represent three samples of haplogroup T3, one sample of I4, one sample G2a, one sample of C, one sample of F1b and three samples of H (including one sample of H5).^[2] Extractions of Y-DNA from six individuals were all determined to be of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of the early Indo-Europeans.^[2] All individuals except from one mixed race individual were determined to be Europoid, with the majority being light-eyed and light haired.^[2]

References

1 2 "Neolithic and Metal Age cultures". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Keyser, Christine; Bouakaze, Caroline; Crubézy, Eric; Nikolaev, Valery G.; Montagnon, Daniel; Reis, Tatiana; Ludes, Bertrand (May 16, 2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people". Human Genetics. Springer-Verlag. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
1 2 Great Soviet Encyclopaedia, 3rd ed. Article "Tagar culture".
↑ Di Cosmo, Nicola (April 22, 2004). Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521543827. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
↑ "Central Asian arts: Tashtyk Tribe". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2015.

Bronze Age

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Bronze Age	Abashevo culture Aegean civilization Andronovo culture Apennine culture Atlantic Bronze Age BMAC Bronze Age Britain Bronze Age Europe Catacomb culture Chinese Bronze Age Cycladic culture Deverel–Rimbury culture Elp culture Ewart Park Phase Ezero culture Glazkov culture Argaric culture Hallstatt culture Helladic period Indus Valley Civilization Lusatian culture Minoan civilization Mumun pottery period Mycenaean Greece Nordic Bronze Age Ordos culture Penard Period South-Western Iberian Bronze Srubna culture Tagar culture Terramare culture Trzciniec Tumulus culture Unetice culture Urnfield culture Wessex culture Wilburton-Wallington Phase

Bronze Age (North Caucasus and Transcaucasia)	Kurgan Koban Kura–Araxes Shulaveri-Shomu Colchian Trialeti Maykop culture Leyla-Tepe culture Jar-Burial Khojaly–Gadabay

↓ Iron Age

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