United States House of Representatives elections, 1904
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives held in 1904 were held to elect members of the 59th Congress, and coincided with the re-election of President Theodore Roosevelt.
Roosevelt's popularity swept many Republican house candidates into office, cementing their majority over the opposition Democratic Party. Because Roosevelt came from a liberal wing of the Republican Party, his ideology was prevalent among freshman representatives. Progressive Republicanism mobililized a new base of support and proved to be especially popular among the Protestant middle class workers who held jobs in business or in the front offices of industrial facilities.
Election summaries
251 | 135 |
Republican | Democratic |
State | Type | Total seats |
Republican | Democratic | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 9 | 0 | 9 | ||
Arkansas | District | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
California | District | 8 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Colorado | District +at-large |
3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Connecticut | District +at-large |
5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Florida | District | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||
Georgia | District | 11 | 0 | 11 | ||
Idaho | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Illinois | District | 25 | 24 | 7 | 1 | 7 |
Indiana | District | 13 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Iowa | District | 11 | 11 | 1 | 0 | |
Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | 8 | 0 | ||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
Louisiana | District | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
Maine[Note 3] | District | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||
Maryland | District | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Massachusetts | District | 14 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Michigan | District | 12 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Minnesota | District | 9 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Mississippi | District | 8 | 0 | 8 | ||
Missouri | District | 16 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
Montana | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Nebraska | District | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
New Jersey | District | 10 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
New York | District | 37 | 26 | 6 | 11 | 6 |
North Carolina | District | 10 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
North Dakota | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Ohio | District | 21 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Oregon[Note 3] | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Pennsylvania | District | 32 | 31 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 0 | 7 | ||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 2 | 8 | ||
Texas | District | 16 | 0 | 16 | ||
Utah | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vermont[Note 3] | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Virginia | District | 10 | 1 | 9 | ||
Washington | At-large | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
West Virginia | District | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Wisconsin | District | 11 | 10 | 1 | ||
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Total | 386 | 251 65.0% |
41 | 135 35.0% |
41 |
The previous election of 1902 saw 3 Independent Republicans elected in the Pittsburgh area of Pennsylvania.
[[Image:59 us house membership.png|thumb|left|350px|
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[[Image:59 us house changes.png|thumb|left|350px|
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Early election dates
In 1904, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:
Complete returns
Party abbreviations:
- D: Democratic
- Pr: Prohibition
- R: Republican
- S: Socialist
- UL: Union Labor
California
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California 1 | James Gillett | Republican | 1902 | Re-elected | James N. Gillett (R) 54.1% Anthony Caminetti (D) 39.3% A. J. Gaylord (S) 5.5% Jarrot Laban Rollins (Pr) 1.1% |
California 2 | Theodore A. Bell | Democratic | 1902 | Lost re-election Republican gain |
Duncan E. McKinlay (R) 49.2% Theodore A. Bell (D) 46.6% J. H. White (S) 3.3% Eli P. LaCell (Pr) 0.9% |
California 3 | Previous incumbent Victor H. Metcalf (R) resigned July 1, 1904 after being appointed Commerce Secretary |
Republican hold | Joseph R. Knowland[Note 4] (R) 68.6% Henry C. McPike (D) 20.1% M. Lesser (S) 10.1% Bates Morris (Pr) 1.3% | ||
California 4 | Edward J. Livernash | Democratic | 1902 | Lost re-election Republican gain |
Julius Kahn (R) 56.8% Edward J. Livernash (D) 36.4% William Costley (S) 6.4% Hubert R. Chapin (Pr) 0.4% |
California 5 | William J. Wynn | Democratic | 1902 | Lost re-election Republican gain |
Everis A. Hayes (R) 52.3% William J. Wynn (D) 39.7% Frank R. Whitney (S) 5% Charles J. Williams (UL) 2% George B. Pratt (Pr) 1% |
California 6 | James C. Needham | Republican | 1898 | Re-elected | James C. Needham (R) 55.1% William M. Conley (D) 38.3% J. L. Cobb (S) 4.5% Joel H. Smith (Pr) 2.2% |
California 7 | James McLachlan | Republican | 1900 | Re-elected | James McLachlan (R) 44.8% Benjamin J. Cloes (P) 30.3% W. O. Morton (D) 16.2% Frank I. Wheat (S) 5.2% John Sobieski (Pr) 3.6% |
California 8 | Milton J. Daniels | Republican | 1902 | Retired Republican hold |
Sylvester C. Smith (R) 55.6% Charles A. Barlow (D) 34.5% Noble A. Richardson (S) 9.9% |
Florida
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Re-elected | Stephen M. Sparkman (D) 75.1% E. R. Gunby (R) 20.1% Z. A. Middlebrooks (S) 4.7% |
Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Retired Democratic hold |
Frank Clark (D) 77.2% John M. Cheney (R) 19.9% W. B. Wood (S) 2.9% |
Florida 3 | William B. Lamar | Democratic | 1902 | Re-elected | William B. Lamar (D) 100% |
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina 1 | George Swinton Legaré | Democratic | 1902 | Re-elected | George Swinton Legaré (D) 91.3% J. N. Noland (R) 5.2% Aaron P. Prioleau (R)3.5% |
South Carolina 2 | George W. Croft | Democratic | 1902 | Retired Democratic hold |
James O'H. Patterson (D) 94.7% Isaac Myers (R) 5.3% |
South Carolina 3 | Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1902 | Re-elected | Wyatt Aiken (D) 98.2% John Scott (R) 1.8% |
South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Re-elected | Joseph T. Johnson (D) 97.5% J. D. Adams (R) 2.5% |
South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Re-elected | David E. Finley (D) 98.5% C. P. White (R) 1.5% |
South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Retired Democratic hold |
J. Edwin Ellerbe (D) 95.8% E. H. Deas (R) 4.2% |
South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Re-elected | Asbury F. Lever (D) 93.8% C. C. Jacobs 6.0% Others 0.2% |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Three states held earlier elections between June 6 and September 12.
- ↑ Included 3 Independent Republicans.
- 1 2 3 Elections held early.
- ↑ Also elected in special election to 58th Congress.
References
- 1 2 "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- 1 2 Martis, pp. 158–159.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)