Lepontine Alps
| Lepontine Alps | |
|---|---|
|
Lepontinische Alpen, Alpi Lepontine | |
 Monte Leone | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Monte Leone |
| Elevation | 3,553 m (11,657 ft) |
| Coordinates | 46°24′N 8°08′E / 46.400°N 8.133°E |
| Geography | |
.png) Lepontine Alps (red) | |
| Countries | Switzerland and Italy |
| Canton, Region | |
| Range coordinates | 46°25′N 8°40′E / 46.42°N 8.67°ECoordinates: 46°25′N 8°40′E / 46.42°N 8.67°E |
| Parent range | Western Alps |
| Borders on | |
| Topo map | Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |
| Geology | |
| Orogeny | Alpine orogeny |
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).
The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola) the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.
The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is sometimes named the Adula Alps.
Etymology
The designation Lepontine Alps, derived from the Latin name of the Val Leventina, has long been somewhat vaguely applied to the Alpine ranges that enclose it, before being used for the whole range.[1]
Geography
Following the line marking the division of the waters that flow into the Po from those that feed the Rhone or the Rhine, the main ridge of the Lepontine Alps describes a somewhat irregular curve, convex to the north, from the Simplon Pass to the Splugen Pass. With the single exception of the Monte Leone, overlooking the pass of the Simplon, the summits of this portion of the chain are much inferior in height to those of the neighbouring chains; but two peaks of the Adula group, culminating at the Rheinwaldhorn, exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 m) in height.[1]
The extensive region lying south of the main ridge is occupied by mountain ranges whose summits sometimes rival in height those of the dividing ridge, and which are cut through by deep valleys, three of which converge in the basins of Lake Maggiore and Lake Como, the deepest of all the lakes on the south side of the Alps. The most important of these valleys is the Val Leventina, or the Upper valley of the Ticino. This has been known from a remote antiquity because it leads to the Pass of St Gotthard, one of the easiest lines of communication between northern and southern Europe.
The Lepontine Alps are drained by the rivers Rhône in the west, Reuss in the north, Rhine (Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein) in the east and Ticino and Toce in the south.
List of peaks
The chief peaks of the Lepontine Alps are:
| Name | Elevation | |
|---|---|---|
| m | ft | |
| Monte Leone | 3,553 | 11,684 |
| Rheinwaldhorn | 3,402 | 11,149 |
| Güferhorn | 3,393 | 11,132 |
| Blinnenhorn | 3,384 | 11,103 |
| Basodino | 3,276 | 10,749 |
| Pizzo Tambò | 3,276 | 10,749 |
| Helsenhorn | 3,274 | 10,742 |
| Wasenhorn | 3,255 | 10,680 |
| Ofenhorn | 3,242 | 10,637 |
| Scherbadung | 3,213 | 10,542 |
| Piz Medel | 3,203 | 10,509 |
| Scopi | 3,200 | 10,499 |
| Pizzo Rotondo | 3,197 | 10,489 |
| Hohsandhorn | 3,182 | 10,440 |
| Piz Terri | 3,151 | 10,331 |
| Piz Aul | 3,124 | 10,250 |
| Pizzo Pesciora | 3,120 | 10,247 |
| Witenwasserenstock | 3,084 | 10,119 |
| Campo Tencia | 3,075 | 10,089 |
| Leckihorn | 3,069 | 10,069 |
| Bruschghorn | 3,054 | 10,020 |
| Alperschällihorn | 3,045 | 9,991 |
| Chilchalphorn | 3,040 | 9,974 |
| Piz Corbet | 3,025 | 9,925 |
| Piz Blas | 3,023 | 9,918 |
| Monte Giove | 3,010 | 9,876 |
| Pizzo Centrale | 3,003 | 9,853 |
| Pizzas d'Anarosa | 3,002 | 9,850 |
| Piz Beverin | 2,998 | 9,843 |
| Weisshorn (Splugen) | 2,992 | 9,817 |
| Pizzo Lucendro | 2,959 | 9,708 |
| Piz Tomul | 2,949 | 9,676 |
| Piz Cavel | 2,944 | 9,659 |
| Barenhorn | 2,932 | 9,620 |
| Six Madun (Badus) | 2,932 | 9,619 |
| Pizzo Fiorèra | 2,921 | 9,583 |
| Pizzo Forno | 2,907 | 9,537 |
| Piz Muraun | 2,899 | 9,512 |
| Zervreilahorn | 2,898 | 9,508 |
| Punta Valgrande | 2,857 | 9,373 |
| Monte Cistella | 2,851 | 9,353 |
| Piz Lukmanier | 2,778 | 9,115 |
| Monte Prosa | 2,738 | 8,983 |
| Pizzo Columbe | 2,549 | 8,363 |
| Pizzo Paglia | 2,594 | 8,510 |
| Pizzo Cavregasco | 2,535 | 8,317 |
| Pizzo di Cadrèigh | 2,516 | 8,225 |
| Pizzo Campanile | 2,458 | 8,064 |
| Pizzo Bombögn | 2,331 | 7,648 |
| Camoghè | 2,226 | 7,303 |
| Piz Mundaun | 2,065 | 6,775 |
| Monte Generoso | 1,704 | 5,591 |
| Monte San Salvatore | 916 | 3,004 |
| Piz Riein | 2,762 | 9,062 |
Glaciers
Main glaciers :
List of passes
The chief passes of the Lepontine Alps are:
| Mountain pass | location | type | elevation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m | ft | |||
| Zapport Pass | Hinterrhein to Malvaglia and Biasca | snow | 3,079 | 10,103 |
| Guferlücke | Canaltal to Lentatal (near Vals, Switzerland) | snow | 2,980 | 9,777 |
| Lentalücke | Hinterrhein to Vals | snow | 2,954 | 9,692 |
| Hohsand Pass | Binn to La Frua (Toce waterfalls) | snow | 2,927 | 9,603 |
| Lecki Pass | Realp to Oberwald VS | snow | 2,912 | 9,554 |
| Passo Rotondo | Airolo to Oberwald | snow | 2,880 | 9,449 |
| Kaltwasser Pass | Simplon Hospice to Alpe Veglia | snow | 2,844 | 9,331 |
| Scaradra Pass | Vals to Olivone | foot path | 2,770 | 9,088 |
| Satteltelücke | Vals to Vrin | foot path | 2,768 | 9,082 |
| Ritter Pass | Binn to Alpe Veglia | snow | 2,692 | 8,832 |
| Cavanna Pass | Realp to Bedretto | snow | 2,611 | 8,566 |
| Scatta Minoja | Devero to Formazza | bridle path | 2,597 | 8,521 |
| Bocca di Cadlimo | Airolo to the Lukmanier Pass | foot path | 2,542 | 8,340 |
| Valserberg | Hinterrhein to Vals | bridle path | 2,507 | 8,225 |
| Safierberg | Splügen to Safien | bridle path | 2,490 | 8,170 |
| Nufenen Pass | Ulrichen to Airolo | road | 2,478 | 8,130 |
| Geisspfad Pass | Binn to Devero | foot path | 2,475 | 8,120 |
| Gries Pass | Ulrichen to La Frua | bridle path | 2,468 | 8,098 |
| Passo di Naret | Fusio to Airolo | bridle path | 2,443 | 8,015 |
| Passo Valtendra | Alpe Veglia to Devero and Baceno | bridle path | 2,431 | 7,976 |
| Diesrut Pass | Vrin to Somvix | bridle path | 2,424 | 7,953 |
| Albrun Pass | Binn to Devero and Baceno | bridle path | 2,410 | 7,907 |
| Greina Pass | Olivone to Somvix | bridle path | 2,360 | 7,743 |
| San Giacomo Pass | Airolo to La Frua | bridle path | 2,308 | 7,573 |
| Passo di Buffalora | Mesocco to the Val Calanca | foot path | 2,265 | 7,431 |
| Passo dell'Uomo | Quinto, Switzerland to the Lukmanier Pass | bridle path | 2,212 | 7,258 |
| Splügen Pass | Thusis to Chiavenna | road | 2,117 | 6,946 |
| St Gotthard Pass | Andermatt to Airolo | road | 2,114 | 6,936 |
| San Bernardino Pass | Thusis to Bellinzona | road | 2,063 | 6,769 |
| Lukmanier Pass | Disentis to Olivone | road | 1,917 | 6,289 |
See also
References
- 1 2 Ball, John (1866). The Alpine guide, Central Alps. London. p. 245.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alps". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.