Birnirk Site

Birnirk Site
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Mounds at the site
Nearest city	Barrow, Alaska
Coordinates	71°20′44″N 156°36′3″W / 71.34556°N 156.60083°WCoordinates: 71°20′44″N 156°36′3″W / 71.34556°N 156.60083°W
Architect	Unknown
Architectural style	No Style Listed
NRHP Reference #	66000953[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHL	December 29, 1962[2]

The Birnirk Site is an archaeological site near Barrow, Alaska. It includes sixteen prehistoric mounds which have yielded evidence of very early Birnirk and Thule culture. It is the type site of the Birnirk culture, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its archaeological importance in understanding prehistoric Arctic cultures.^[2]

Description

Birnirk is located on the Alaska North Slope, near the settlement of Barrow, on land owned by the Ukpeaġvik Iñupiat Corporation since 1988. The site consists of sixteen mounds, which represent dwelling sites across a fairly wide span of time. Major scientific excavations were made at this site in 1936, and in 1951-53, when three mounds were excavated, and in 1959, when seven mounds were partially excavated. The major period of occupation at this site was during what is now designated the Birnirk culture, between 500 and 900 CE. Evidence was also found at one mound of occupation during the later Thule culture, which was generally active 1100-1400 CE. Finds at the site include harpoon heads made of antler and stone, including at least one from the older Punuk culture.^[3] Also uncovered were fragments of wood making up elements of traditional seal-hunting umiaks.^[4]

The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.^[2][1] The major collections of materials from the site made in the 1950s were located at Harvard University's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology for many years, but were moved to the University of Alaska Museum of the North in Fairbanks in 2011.^[4]

See also

• List of National Historic Landmarks in Alaska
• National Register of Historic Places listings in North Slope Borough, Alaska

References

1. National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
2. "Birnirk Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
3. "The Walakpa Site, Alaska" (PDF). Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2014-12-10.
4. "2013 Annual Report" (PDF). University of Alaska Museum of the North. Retrieved 2014-12-10.