Egeskov Castle

Egeskov Castle

Egeskov Castle (Danish: Egeskov Slot) is located in the south of the island of Funen, Denmark. The castle is Europe's best preserved Renaissance water castle.

History

Egeskov was first mentioned in 1405.[1] The castle structure was erected by Frands Brockenhuus in 1554.[2] [3]

Due to the troubles caused by the civil war known as the Count's Feud (Danish: Grevens fejde), general civil unrest, and a civil war introducing the Protestant Reformation, most Danish noblemen built their homes as fortifications. The castle is constructed on oaken piles and located in a small lake with a maximum depth of 5 metres (16 ft). Originally, the only access was by means of a drawbridge. According to legend, it took an entire forest of oak trees to build the foundation, hence the name Egeskov (oak forest).

Castle architecture

Outside, the castle is a Late Gothic building. Inside the original elements already show Renaissance design.

The castle consists of two long buildings connected by a thick double wall, allowing defenders to abandon one house and continue fighting from the other.[4] The double wall is over one meter thick and contains secret staircases and a well. Defenders were able to attack an enemy's flanks from the two round corner towers. Other medieval defences include artillery ports, scalding holes and arrow slits. The bricks composing the castle are of an oversized medieval type sometimes called "monks bricks". The conical towers are constructed in a series of separate panels.

The architecture includes depressed and round-arched windows, round-arched blank arcading within the gables, and a double string course between the high cellar and the ground floor. The structure contains some of the early indoor plumbing design first used in Europe with vertical shafts for waste.[5] The thick double wall also contains a water well which is accessed from the servants kitchen in the east house. Several of the large rooms have massive parallel exposed beams with some end carving.[6]

Castle contents

Contents of the castle include a massive iron chest from at least as early as the 16th century, which derived from Hvedholm Castle, a property earlier owned by the Egeskov estate about ten kilometers to the west.

Numerous oil paintings are found within the castle including a large painting in the great hall on the first floor of Niels Juel, who defeated the Swedish force in the Battle of Køge Bay in the year 1677.

Gardens and lands

Other buildings belonging to Egeskov include Ladegården, a thatched half-timbered building which is now part of the museum. Other buildings are used by the museum and for farming. Surrounding the castle is an old park, covering 20 hectares (49 acres) of land. The park is divided into a number of gardens. The renaissance garden features fountains, a gravel path and topiary figures. The fuchsia garden, one of the largest in Europe, contains 104 different species. Other gardens near the castle include an English garden, a water garden, an herb garden, a vegetable garden, and a peasant's garden (bondehave). The gardens also feature four hedge mazes. The oldest is a beech maze several hundreds of years old. This garden is trimmed every year to prevent the trees from dying. The newest maze is the world's largest bamboo maze. It features a Chinese tower in the centre, and a bridge from the tower provides the exit from the maze. The parks feature a three-meter-tall sundial designed by Danish poet and mathematician, Piet Hein.[7]

The estate includes an additional eight square kilometres; 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi) is forest, with the rest being farmland. The estate has belonged to the Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille family since 1784. In 1986, a full-sized replica of the castle was built in Hokkaidō, Japan, to hold an aquarium. This was constructed with the permission of the Egeskov's owners at the time, Count Claus and Countess Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.

Museums

Egeskov is home to the following museums.

Most of the castle is open to the public, except for the areas used by Count Michael and Countess Caroline Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille. The museum of agriculture and the horse wagon collection is located in the building Ladegård mentioned previously.

Three large modern buildings are occupied by the vintage automobile collection, the vintage motorcycle collection, the Falck collection, and by a collection of airplanes and helicopters. The Falck collection is a collection of vehicles from the Danish rescue company, Falck, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks, ambulances, rescue boats, and other assorted emergency vehicles.

List of owners

From To Owner
c. 1405 Lydike and Jørgen Skinkel
c. 1470 Johan Sinkel
1516 Otto and Poul Skinkel
1518 1533 Laurids Skinkel
1533 1536 Hilleborg Pedersdatter Bille and her daughters Anne, Hilleborg and Rigborg
1536 1545 Anne, Hilleborg and Rigborg
1545 1569 Frands Brockenhuus
1569 1604 Laurids Brockenhuus
1604 1615 Laurids Brockenhuus's heirs
1615 1615 Hans Pogwish
1616 1630 Jacob Ulfeldt
1630 1640 The children of Jacob Ulfeldt
1640 1648 Laurids Ulfeldt
1648 1656 Oluf Parsberg
1656 1666 Otto Krag
1666 1688 Anna Rosenkrantz
1688 1713 Niels Krag the Elder
1713 1722 The widow of Niels Krag
1722 1740 Niels Krag the Younger
1740 1784 Sofie Juel
1784 1789 Henrik Bille-Brahe
1789 1810 Car. Agnese Raben
1810 1857 Preben Bille-Brahe
1857 1871 Fr. Siegfried Bille-Brahe
1871 1882 Frantz Preben Bille-Brahe
1882 1912 Jul. Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille
1912 1919 C. Jessy Bille-Brahe
1919 1946 Fr. Pr. Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille
1946 1985 Gregers and Nonni Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille
1985 1994 Claus and Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille
1994 — Michael and Caroline Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Egeskov" (in Danish). Den Store Danske. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  2. ↑ "Egeskovs historie" (in Danish). Egeskov. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  3. ↑ "Funen." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 30 July 2006
  4. ↑ Verner Rasmussen, Egeskov, prepared for the Egeskov Estate, 2003 reprinting
  5. ↑ C.M. Hogan, Design of Egeskov Castle, Lumina Technologies, Santa Rosa. July 22, 2005
  6. ↑ "Castle". Egeskov. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  7. ↑ "All Gardens". Egeskov. Retrieved 18 June 2014.

Literature

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Coordinates: 55°10′35″N 10°29′22″E / 55.17639°N 10.48944°E / 55.17639; 10.48944

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