Gs alpha subunit

GNAS complex locus
Identifiers
Symbol	GNAS
Alt. symbols	GNAS1
Entrez	2778
HUGO	4392
OMIM	139320
RefSeq	NM_000516
UniProt	Q5JWF2
Other data
Locus	Chr. 20 q13.2-13.3

The G_s alpha subunit (G_αs, G_sα, or G_s protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. It is one of the three main families of G proteins: G_αi/G_αo, G_αq, and G_αs.^[1] A mnemonic for remembering this subunit is to look at first letter (G_αs = Adenylate Cyclase stimulator).

Receptors

The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to this kind of G-protein include:

5-HT receptors types 5-HT₄ and 5-HT₇
ACTH receptor aka MC2R
Adenosine receptor types A_2a and A_2b
Arginine vasopressin receptor 2
β-adrenergic receptors types β₁, β₂ and β₃
Calcitonin receptor
Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Dopamine receptors D₁-like family (D₁ and D₅)
FSH-receptor
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
Glucagon receptor
Histamine H₂ receptor
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
Melanocortin receptor: MC1R, MC2R (aka ACTH receptor), MC3R, MC4R, MC5R
Parathyroid hormone receptor 1
Prostaglandin receptor types D₂ and I₂
Secretin receptor
Thyrotropin receptor
Trace amine-associated receptor 1

Function

Main article: function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase

The general function of G_s is to activate adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Further effects of G_s are thus found in function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

It provides a step in signal transduction. Amplification of the signal occurs for instance because the receptor activates several G_s.^[2] However, each G_s activates only one adenylate cyclase.^[2]

References

↑ Ellis, Claire (Jul 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (3 ed.): 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458.
1 2 Page 155 in: Purves (2007). Neuroscience, 4th Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

External links

G(s)alpha at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
GNAS protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A

cGMP:	Transducin Gustducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G

G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16

G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2

G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1

Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK

both	Dual-specificity kinase

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2

Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A Wilson/ATP7B

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA ATP2A1 ATP2A2 ATP2A3 Plasma membrane ATP2B1 ATP2B2 ATP2B3 ATP2B4 SPCA ATP2C1 ATP2C2

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 ATP1A2 ATP1A3 ATP1A4 ATP1B1 ATP1B2 ATP1B3 ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 ATP10A ATP11B ATP12A ATP13A2 ATP13A3

3.6.4

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs G_αi GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 G_αq/11 GNAQ GNA11 G_α12/13 GNA12 GNA13 Transducin GNAT1 GNAT2 Gustducin GNAT3

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 CDC42 TC10 TCL RhoUV RhoU RhoV Rac Rac1 2 3 RhoG RhoBTB 1 2 RhoH Rho A B C Rnd 1 2 3 RhoDF RhoF RhoD other: Ras HRAS KRAS NRAS Rab RAB23 RAB27 Arf ARF6 SAR1B ARL13B ARL6 Ran Rheb Rap RGK

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic IF-2 EF-Tu EF-G Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin Tubulin

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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Gs alpha subunit

Receptors

Function

See also

References

External links