Public transport in Mumbai

A traffic intersection in Mumbai.
Map, railway lines, ports and airports (Click to enlarge)

Public transport in Mumbai involves the transport of millions of its citizens by train, road and water. Over 88% of the commuters in Mumbai use public transport. Mumbai has the largest organised bus transport network among major Indian cities.

Mumbai's public transport consists primarily of rapid transit on exclusive suburban railway lines augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs, the bus services of the three municipalities making up the metropolitan area, public taxis and auto rickshaws, as well as ferry services. A metro and a monorail system have recently been inaugurated. A commercial Seaplane Service has recently been introduced.[1]

Bus

Ashok Leyland BEST Bus in Mumbai

Railway Network

Map showing all of the railway services in Mumbai, including the Metro, Monorail and Suburban serv ices
Mumbai Suburban Railway, the lifeline of M umbai
Complete Mumbai Sub-urban Rail Network Map with Index

The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the oldest in Asia, founded in 1867. It is owned by Indian Railways and operated by its Western Railways and Central Railways divisions. With a length of 303 km, it has highest passenger density in the world, 6.3 million people daily, which is more than half of daily capacity of Indian Railways. It has four radial lines:

Mumbai railways offer first class commuter transport. First class fares are approximately 10 times the second class fare[4] and therefore tend to be less crowded in the non rush hour period. First class compartments also have slightly better seats than second class. less crowded compartments during non peak hours, the first class compartments are rather more crowded during the peak hour time, as there is a large supply and demand gap.Its notoriously hard to get into the first class compartment as the coach is overcrowded with people hanging out of the doors.

There are also women-only cars (termed 'ladies'),[4] and since 1992, 'Ladies Special' trains with all coaches reserved for women passengers.

The Mumbai suburban railway network is constantly struggling to cope with the growing population.

Metro

Main article: Mumbai Metro

In January 2004, a master transit plan was unveiled by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA). The plan integrated a 146 kilometre-long metro system, of which 32 km would be underground.

In June 2004, government approval was given for a 13-station elevated line between Ghatkopar, Andheri and Versova. In June 2006, the first phase of the Mumbai Metro project was inaugurated. Construction work began in February 2008.[5][6][7] A successful trial run was conducted in May 2013, and the system's first line entered operation in June 2014,[8][9][10] although some aspects of the project were afflicted by delays and cost issues.[6][11][12][13] The Mumbai Metro ridership started from 8 June 2014

Monorail

Monorail arrival inside station
Monorail departure from station
Main article: Mumbai Monorail

The Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system for the city of Mumbai. Construction began in January 2009 and the first operational line was inaugurated on 1 February 2014.[14][15] It is being contracted by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority and is the first monorail in India.[16]

There are four lines proposed. The first two are 25 kilometres (16 mi) long. Out of the two, construction on the first line has begun.

Two lines 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) long are to be constructed after the first two have opened.

Additionally, previously planned Mumbai Metro corridors are also being examined to be made as monorail corridors instead of metro by MMRDA due to the dense and congested areas these corridors pass through. The corridors are:

Trams

BEST double decker tram in 1952

Trams were an important form of transport until the mid 1960s. They were introduced by the then British government, in the late 19th century and in their heyday, covered many areas of the city. At one stage, their length grew to more than 47 kilometres.[19]

Taxis

An iconic Premier Padmini taxi in Mumbai
In recent years, Hyundai Santro and other hatchback taxis have started replacing Premier Padminis.
A Radio Cab in Mumbai

Taxis arrived in 1911 to complement horse wagons. Black and yellow Fiat taxis are an integral part of the city's heritage and have been depicted in numerous Bollywood movies. Metered taxis ply throughout Mumbai and have a monopoly from Bandra to Churchgate on the Western line and Sion to Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus on the Central line. Beyond Sion and Bandra auto rickshaws are not allowed and one has to hire a taxi. However, between Sion to Thane and Bandra to Bhayandar, both Taxis and autorickshaws are available to transport passengers.

Mumbai is served by two intra-city highways: Old Pune-Mumbai Highway and Mumbai Ahmedbad Road, a part of National Highway 4.

Number of taxis

About 58,000 in Greater Mumbai and 98,566 in Mumbai MMR.[21]

Classic black and yellow taxi numbers on Greater Mumbai roads had fallen to 20 000 by 2010[22] as 35,000 new taxis such as Maruti Alto, Wagon R and Omni, Tata Indica and Hyundai Santro joined the ranks. Recently State Transport Authority of Maharashtra State has also introduced on-call facility to book these taxis, one can call 022-61234567 to book black and yellow (Non-AC) and CoolCabs (AC) taxis. Radio cab services have been introduced by some private companies. However these taxis need to be booked in advance by calling their call centre number.

Taxi Regulations

Law requires the driver of an unengaged taxi to take a passenger .wherever they want to go, regardless of distance or time, if the fare meter of the unengaged rickshaw/taxi is in a 'For Hire' mode. The modes were denoted by older mechanical meters in this manner: a) upright – for hire b) half mast – not doing business c) currently hired.

Authorities encourage passengers to make complaints, for refusal to convey, excess fare, tampered meters, fake tariff cards, misconduct by drivers by direct email[23][24][25][26] as well as by a website.[27]

Fare Calculation

A mechanical meter were deciding the fare but now it is replaced with electronic meter, which is proportional to the distance travelled. The basis for the fare calculation for black and yellow (Non-AC) taxi is:

The fare is payable at a multiple of 1.25 (i.e. 25% additional) between midnight and 5 am.

Similarly, the basis for the fare calculation for Cool cabs (AC) is:

The fare is payable at a multiple of 1.25 (i.e. 25% additional) between midnight and 5 am.

Auto rickshaws

Auto Rickshaw in Mumbai

Auto rickshaws play an important role of public transport in Mumbai. There are 246,458 black and yellow metered auto rickshaws, often simply called autos, in the Mumbai MMR as of 2008.[21] Since 2002, all auto rickshaws have been required to use CNG as fuel.[28] However, not all rickshaws comply. Mumbai MMRDA extends up to Alibag, Badlapur, Kaylan M.C. and Ulhasnagar M.C., and in these areas a CNG filling facility is not available, hence the fuel is either petrol or LPG.

Auto rickshaws are not permitted to enter Old Bombay. The southernmost points accessible to them are Bandra Fire Station in Western Mumbai and Sion Bus Depot in Central Mumbai. Auto rickshaws registered in Mumbai are not allowed travel beyond the municipal limits. They have been allowed to travel between Sion to Mulund in the Central Suburbs and up to Mankhurd on the Harbour line. People who wish to travel beyond Mumbai to suburbs like Vashi, Airoli have to catch a suburban rickshaw. In the western suburbs they are allowed to travel between Bandra and Bhayandar only.

A mechanical meter decides the fare and is proportional to distance travelled.[29] The regulation for auto rickshaws is similar to taxis, and methods of complaining against the auto rickshaws and taxis are available on the Mumbai RTO website.[30]

Ferry services

Ferry between Versova and Madh Island

Air Transport

Terminal 2 or T2, A view From SEAR

The Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic.[31] It handled 30.74 million passengers and 656,369 tonnes of cargo during FY 2011–12.

The new integrated terminal T2 was inaugurated on 10 January 2014[32] and opened for international operations on 12 February 2014, increasing the capacity of the airport to 40 million passengers annually.[33] A dedicated six lane, elevated road connecting the new terminal with the main arterial Western Express Highway was also opened to the public the same day.[34] The proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport to be built in the Kopra-Panvel area has been sanctioned by the Indian Government and will help relieve the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport.

The Juhu Aerodrome was India's first airport, and now hosts a flying club and a heliport. [35]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mumbai's first Commercial Seaplane Service to takeoff today". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  2. ↑ "King Long buses that keep breaking down are not King Longs - Mumbai Mirror -". Retrieved 2016-07-01.
  3. ↑ "The big lie about King Long AC buses that actually are made in Punjab". www.moneylife.in. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
  4. 1 2 Lonely Planet: Goa & Mumbai 6 ed, 2012, published by Lonely Planet, p68
  5. ↑ "Mumbai monorail to be ready by Dec, Metro by March". Business Standard. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  6. 1 2 "Mumbai's first metro may chug in 2013". DNA India. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  7. ↑ "Metro, Monorail projects could miss deadline". The Indian Express. 14 August 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  8. ↑ "Mumbai: The connected city". Livemint. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  9. ↑ "Mumbai Metro trial run successful". The Times of India. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "Mumbai Metro: trial run with train draped in flowers". NDTV.com. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  11. ↑ "MMTPL to CM: Metro II will take more time, money". Mid-Day.com. 9 January 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  12. ↑ "Indian Bank rejigs Mumbai Metro loan account". The Financial Express. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  13. ↑ "Metro likely to miss its August deadline". DNA India. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  14. ↑ R.Thendral, Inian (1 February 2014). "Mumbai monorail". Times of India. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  15. ↑ Gupta, Saurabh (30 January 2014). "Mumbai monorail to be inaugurated on Saturday". NDTV. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  16. ↑ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
  17. ↑ https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/thane-bhiwandi-kalyan-monorail
  18. ↑ Manthan K Mehta, TNN, 13 Jan 2010, 03.43am IST (13 January 2010). "Monorail test run on R-Day will be for only 500-metre – Mumbai – City – The Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  19. ↑ http://www.tramz.com/tva/in.html
  20. ↑ http://www.cabx.ind.in/online-mumbai-pune-cab-booking-service-cabx/top-cab-service-providers/
  21. 1 2 "Mumbai Traffic Stats". Mesn.org. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  22. ↑ Somit Sen, TNN, 2 Aug 2010, 01.33am IST (2 August 2010). "Only 20K black & yellow taxis left in Mumbai – Mumbai – City – The Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  23. ↑ Somit Sen, TNN, 11 May 2010, 01.33am IST (11 May 2010). "Rude cabbies, auto drivers? Send an email – Mumbai – City – The Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  24. ↑ CJ: Golden Reejsinghani. "Policing errant auto-rickshaw drivers in Mumbai". Merinews.com. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  25. ↑ "Being taken for a ride in Mumbai? Complain online". Whereincity.com. 17 February 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  26. ↑ "You can complain against cabbies online – Mumbai – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 16 February 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  27. ↑ Auto Taxi complaints on Mumbai Traffic Police website
  28. ↑ ruling of the Bombay High Court reported in Times of India
  29. ↑ Mumbai RTO website
  30. ↑ Mumbai TRO website
  31. ↑ http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k13annex3.pdf
  32. ↑ http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mumbai-airport-t2-to-open-for-passengers-on-feb-12-114011001127_1.html
  33. ↑ http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-with-maiden-air-india-flight-t2-opens-to-public-1961614
  34. ↑ http://www.gvk.com/ourbusiness/airports/csiamumbai.aspx
  35. ↑ Mumbai#Air
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