Cable ferry

This article is about boats using a cable or chain to cross rivers. For boats using a chain to travel along a river, see Chain boat.

Coin-operated cable ferry at Espevær in Bømlo, Norway

Chain-pulling engine of a small ferry on Berounka river near Prague, Czech Republic

Cable ferry between Ekerö and Adelsö, Sweden.

A cable ferry (including the terms chain ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in many cases propelled) across a river or large body of water by cables connected to both shores. Early cable ferries often used either rope or steel chains, with the latter resulting in the alternate name of chain ferry. Both of these were largely replaced by wire cable by the late 19th century.

Types

Winding mechanism on the Sackville Ferry in New South Wales, Australia

There are three types of cable ferry: the reaction ferry, which uses the power of the river to tack across the current; the powered cable ferry, which uses an engine or electric motors (e.g., the Canby Ferry) to wind itself across; and the fast-disappearing hand-operated type, such as the Stratford-upon-Avon Chain Ferry in the UK and the Saugatuck Chain Ferry in Michigan, USA.

Powered cable ferries use powered cogs or drums on board the vessel to pull itself along by the cables. The cables or chains have a considerable amount of slack built into them, in order to sink below the surface as the ferry moves away, allowing other vessels to pass without becoming grounded, snared or trapped. Where a ferry carries both passengers and vehicles the car deck occupies the centre (helping to balance the vessel) and two passenger areas are at the sides, over the tunnels for the chains and the engines. As the ferry cannot steer a ramp is built at both ends, and there is usually a set of controls facing in either direction.

Cable ferries are common where there is little other water-borne traffic that could get snagged in the cable or chains, where the water may be too shallow for other options, or where the river current is too strong to permit the safe crossing of a ferry not attached to the shore. Alignment of the platform at each end of the journey is automatic and, especially for vehicle ferries, safer than a free-moving ferry might be in bad conditions.

A special type are electrically powered overhead-wire ferries like Straussee Ferry, which have an onboard propulsion unit and can float free, but are connected to the overhead wire for power supply, using an electrical cable that slides along the wire as the ferry moves.

History

Simple cable ferry, Gee's Bend, Alabama, 1939

Cable ferries have probably been used to cross rivers and similar bodies of water since before recorded history. Examples of ferry routes using this technology date back to the 13th century (Hampton Ferry in England).

In the early 1900s a cable ferry designed by Canadian engineer William Pitt was installed on the Kennebecasis River near Saint John, New Brunswick in Canada.^[1] There are now eight cable ferries along the Saint John River system in southern New Brunswick. In Canada a cable ferry is proposed to transport automobiles across the Ottawa River in Ontario. There are several in British Columbia: two on the Fraser, one at Lytton, one at Big Bar, three on Arrow Lakes. A suspended cable ferry worked until the 1980s in Boston Bar. A small seasonal reaction ferry carries cars across the Rivière des Prairies from Laval, Quebec (Sainte-Dorothée neighbourhood) to Île Bizard (part of Montreal).

Cable ferries were particularly prominent in early transportation in the Sacramento Delta of California. Dozens of cable ferries operated on the Columbia River in the US northwest, and most have been rendered obsolete by bridges. A suspended cable ferry for railway cars crossed the American River in Northern California.

Most of the road crossings of the Murray River in South Australia are cable ferries operated by the state government using diesel engines. The platforms at the ends can be moved up or down according to the water level. At one time, cable ferries were a primary means of automobile transportation in New South Wales in Australia. In Tasmania, for a century before 1934, the Risdon Punt at Hobart was the only fixed method of crossing the Derwent River within Hobart city limits.

In the fishing village of Tai O on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, the Tai O Ferry (橫水渡) crossed the Tai O River before a bascule bridge was built.

Ownership

The earliest punts were privately owned by local landowners, and charged a toll. As governments started to build roads, they started to build and operate punts as required. Private punts might be bought out, or made to impose more standard tolls.^[2]

Hazards and incidents

Mannam punt torn by broken cable, and cast adrift.^[3]
Blanchetown punt out of use due to low water level in river.^[4]

Duplicated punts can be provided if capacity of one is not enough. Twin ferries allow one to operate while the other is being maintained.^[5]

List of cable ferries

Current cable ferries include:

Albania

Butrint Ferry, across the Vivari Channel near Butrint^[6]

Australia

The Mannum Ferry.

The Moggill Ferry

Wisemans Ferry

Berowra Waters Ferry, at Berowra Waters in New South Wales
Blanchetown Punt^[7]
Cadell Ferry, across the Murray River at Cadell, South Australia^[8]
Daintree River Ferry, across the Daintree River in Queensland
Hibbard Ferry, across the Hastings River near Port Macquarie, New South Wales^[9]^[10]
Lawrence Ferry, across the Clarence River in New South Wales^[11]
Lower Portland Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River near the village of Lower Portland, New South Wales
Lyrup Ferry, across the Murray River at Lyrup, South Australia^[8]
Mannum Ferry, across the Murray River at Mannum, South Australia (two parallel ferries)^[8]
Moggill Ferry, across the Brisbane River near Ipswich, Queensland^[12]
Morgan Ferry, across the Murray River in Morgan, South Australia^[8]
Mortlake Ferry, across the Parramatta River in Sydney, New South Wales
Narrung Ferry, across the Murray River at Narrung, South Australia^[8]^[13]
Noosa River Ferry, across the Noosa River in Queensland^[14]
Purnong Ferry, across the Murray River in Purnong, South Australia^[8]
Raymond Island Ferry, from Paynesville to Raymond Island in Victoria
Sackville Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River near the village of Sackville, New South Wales
Settlement Point Ferry, across the Hastings River near Port Macquarie, New South Wales^[9]^[10]
Speewa Ferry, across the Murray River between New South Wales and Victoria at Speewa
Swan Reach Ferry, across the Murray River in Swan Reach, South Australia^[8]
Tailem Bend Ferry, across the Murray River in Tailem Bend, South Australia^[8]
Ulmarra Ferry, across the Clarence River in New South Wales
Waikerie Ferry, across the Murray River in Waikerie, South Australia^[8]
Walker Flat Ferry, across the Murray River in Walker Flat, South Australia^[8]
Webbs Creek Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River in the village of Wisemans Ferry, New South Wales
Wellington Ferry, across the Murray River in Wellington, South Australia^[8]
Wisemans Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River in the village of Wisemans Ferry, New South Wales
Wymah Ferry, across the Murray River between New South Wales and Victoria

Austria

Rollfähre Klosterneuburg, across the Danube River at Klosterneuburg
Drahtseilbrücke Ottensheim, across the Danube River at Ottensheim

Belize

Xunantunich Ferry, across the Mopan River at Xunantunich

Canada

Abitibi River Ferry, across the Abitibi River near Cochrane, Ontario

Lytton Ferry (Fraser River)

Needles Cable Ferry (Arrow Lakes)

Riverhurst Ferry

Adams Lake Cable Ferry, across Adams Lake in British Columbia^[15]
Baynes Sound Connector, saltwater ferry across Baynes Sound in British Columbia. The longest cable ferry in the world as the time of its opening.^[16]
Belleisle Bay Ferry, across Belleisle Bay in New Brunswick
Big Bar Ferry, across the Fraser River at Big Bar, British Columbia
Bleriot Ferry, across the Red Deer River near Drumheller, Alberta^[17]
Clarkboro Ferry, across the South Saskatchewan River near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Country Harbour Ferry, across Country Harbour near Port Bickerton, Nova Scotia.
Crowfoot Ferry, across the Bow River in Alberta^[17]
Englishtown Ferry, across the mouth of St. Anns Bay in Nova Scotia
Estuary Ferry, across the South Saskatchewan River near Estuary, Saskatchewan
Evandale Ferry, across the Saint John River in New Brunswick
Finnegan Ferry, across the Red Deer River in Alberta^[17]
Gagetown Ferry, across the Saint John River in New Brunswick
Glade Cable Ferry, across the Kootenay River in British Columbia^[15]
Gondola Point Ferry, across the Kennebecasis River in New Brunswick
Hampstead Ferry, across the Saint John River in New Brunswick
Harrop Ferry, across the Kootenay River in British Columbia^[15]
Kennebecasis Island Ferry, across the Kennebecasis River in New Brunswick
Klondyke Ferry, across the Athabasca River in Alberta^[17]
LaHave Cable Ferry, across the LaHave River in Nova Scotia
Lancer Ferry, across the South Saskatchewan River near Lancer, Saskatchewan
Laval-sur-le-Lac Île-Bizard Ferry, across the Rivière des Prairies near Montreal, Quebec
Lemsford Ferry, across the South Saskatchewan River near Lemsford, Saskatchewan
Little Fort Ferry, across the North Thompson River in British Columbia^[15]
Little Narrows Cable Ferry, across the Little Narrows of Whycocomagh Bay in Nova Scotia
Low Bar Ferry, across the Fraser River at High Bar, British Columbia
Lytton Ferry, across the Fraser River at Lytton, British Columbia
McLure Ferry, across the North Thompson River in British Columbia^[15]
Needles Cable Ferry, across Lower Arrow Lake in British Columbia
Quyon Ferry, across Ottawa River between Fitzroy Harbour ON & Quyon, QC
Riverhurst Ferry, across Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan
Rosevear Ferry, across the McLeod River near Edson, Alberta^[17]
Usk Ferry, across the Skeena River in Usk, British Columbia^[15]
Westfield Ferry, across the Saint John River in New Brunswick

Croatia

Medsave cable ferry
Medsave Ferry, across the Sava River in Zagrebačka županija, overhead cable

Czech Republic

Dolní Žleb Ferry, reactive ferry across the Elbe at Dolní Žleb near Děčín, lower cable
Vrané nad Vltavou – Strnady, reactive ferry across the Vltava before Prague, with overhead cable
Klecánky – Roztoky ferry over the Vltava under Prague, secured by overhead cable
Máslovice, Dol - Libčice ferry over the Vltava under Prague, secured by lower cable
Lužec nad Vltavou ferry over the Vltava, secured by overhead cable
Zlenice - Senohraby swimpool, ferry over the Sázava river, overhead security cable installed but usually unused
Oseček ferry, Elbe river, formerly secured by overhead cable, now without it
Kazín ferry, Berounka river, 1992–2007 propulsed through lower chain, since 2015 unsecured boat
Nadryby ferry, Berounka river, secured by the overhead cable
Darová ferry, Berounka river, propulsed through the overhead cable

Denmark

Østre Ferry, across Isefjord between Hammer Bakke and Orø. Uses cables for steering, but propellers for propulsion.
Udbyhøj Ferry, across Randers Fjord.

Estonia

Kavastu Ferry, across Emajõgi in Kavastu.

Finland

Alassalmi cable ferry

Karhun cable ferry

Pikkarala ferry wintering on the shore of Oulujoki.

Alassalmi Ferry, across Alassalmi strait on lake Oulujärvi between Manamansalo island and mainland
Arvinsalmi Ferry, across Arvinsalmi strait between the municipalities of Rääkkylä and Liperi
Barösund Ferry, across Barösund strait between Barölandet and Orslandet islands
Bergö Ferry, in Bergö
Eskilsö Ferry
Hanhivirta Ferry, in Enonkoski
Hirvisalmi Ferry, across Hirvisalmi strait between the mainland and Paalasmaa island in Juuka
Hämmärönsalmi Ferry, across Hämmärönsalmi strait (Rimito-Hanka) in Rimito, Nådendal (part of r. road 1890)
Högsar Ferry, between Högsar and Storlandet islands in Nagu, Väståboland (part of r. road 12019)
Karhun Cable Ferry, between the mainland and the island of Karhu, Ii
Keistiö Ferry, between Keistiö and Iniö islands in Iniö, Väståboland
Kivimo Ferry, between Roslax on mainland Houtskär and Kivimo islands in Houtskär, Väståboland
Kokkila Ferry, between Kokkila on the mainland and Angelniemi on Kemiö island (part of r. road 1835)
Kyläniemi Ferry, between Utula and Kyläniemi
Lövö Ferry, between Kasnäs and Lövö islands in Hitis, Kimitoön (part of r. road 1830)
Mossala Ferry, between Björkö and Mossala islands in Houtskär, Väståboland (part of regional road 12003)
Pellinki Ferry, between the mainland and the island of Pellinki
Pettu Ferry, between Pettu and Utö islands in Finby, Salo
Pikkarala Ferry, across Oulujoki river in Pikkarala, Oulu
Puutossalmi Ferry, in Kuopio
Saverkeit Ferry, between mainland Houtskär and Västra Saverkeit islands in Houtskär, Väståboland (part of r. road 12005)
Skagen Ferry, between Jumo and Iniö islands in Iniö, Väståboland (part of r. road 12230)
Skåldö Ferry, between Degerö and Skåldö islands in Ekenäs, Raseborg
Tappuvirta Ferry, Tappuvirrantie
Vartsala Ferry, between Vartsala and Kivimaa islands in Kustavi (part of r. road 192)
Vånö Ferry, between Vånö and Attu islands in Pargas, Väståboland (part of r. road 12027)

Åland

Björkölinjen, across Björkösund strait between the islands of Korsö (in Kumlinge municipality) and Bockholm (in Brändö m.)
Embarsundlinjen, across Embarsund strait in Föglö municipality, between the islands of Finholma and Jyddö
Töftölinjen, across Prästösund strait between the islands of Töftö (in Vårdö municipality) and Prästö (in Sund m.)
Seglingelinjen, across the strait between the islands of Seglinge and Snäckö (both in Seglinge village in Kumlinge municipality)
Simskälalinjen, across the strait between the islands of Alören and Östra Simskäla (both in Vårdö municipality)
Ängsösundlinjen, across Ängösund strait between the islands of Lumparland (in Lumparland municipality) and Ängö (in Vårdö m.)

France

Bac du Sauvage Ferry, across a branch of the Rhône in the Camargue

Germany

The Pritzerbe Ferry

The Rathen Ferry

Aken Ferry, across the Elbe at Aken in Saxony-Anhalt
Barby Ferry, across the Elbe at Barby in Saxony-Anhalt
Caputh Ferry, across the Havel at Caputh in Brandenburg
Coswig Ferry, across the Elbe at Coswig in Saxony-Anhalt
Ferchland Grieben Ferry, across the Elbe between Ferchland and Grieben in Saxony-Anhalt
Ketzin Cable Ferry, across the Havel at Ketzin in Brandenburg
Kiewitt Ferry, across the Havel at Potsdam in Brandenburg
Maintal–Dörnigheim Ferry, across the Main near Maintal in Hesse
Friesenheimer Insel – Sandhofen Ferry, across an old arm of the Rhine in Mannheim
Pritzerbe Ferry, across the Havel between Havelsee and Kützkow in Brandenburg
Rathen Ferry, across the Elbe at Rathen in Saxony
Räbel Ferry, across the Elbe between Räbel and Havelberg in Saxony-Anhalt
Rothenburg Ferry, across the Saale at Rothenburg in Saxony-Anhalt
Sandau Ferry, across the Elbe at Sandau in Saxony-Anhalt
Straussee Ferry, across the Straussee at Strausberg in Brandenburg
Teterower See Ferry, to an island in the Teterower See in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Veckerhagen Ferry, across the Weser between Veckerhagen in Hesse and Hemeln in Lower Saxony
Westerhüsen Ferry, across the Elbe at Magdeburg in Saxony-Anhalt
Gräpel Cable Ferry, across the Oste at Gräpel in Lower Saxony

Hong Kong

Nam Sang Wai Ferry

Nam Sang Wai Ferry, at Nam Sang Wai in northwestern New Territories

Hungary

One cable ferry across the Danube between Csepel and Soroksár, in Budapest^[18]

Italy

Two cable ferries across the port of Cesenatico, in Romagna

Mozambique

Chain ferry being handcranked in Mozambique

Ferry across Shire River, 37 km south of Malawi's southernmost border

Netherlands

There are more than 100 cable ferries in the Netherlands,^[19] 11 of which use a floating cable with a single anchorage. The larger ones are usually powered by a diesel-powered screw propellor, the smaller ones often use the cable for propulsion. Most of the larger cable ferries angle themselves in the stream to gain part of their propulsion from the current, as a reaction ferry.

Some examples:

Cuijk ferry, across the Meuse at Cuijk
Genemuiden ferry, across the Zwarte Water at Genemuiden
Jonen ferry, across the Walengracht at Jonen, only taking foot passengers and cyclists, winched to the other bank by an electric motor on one of the banks.
Lexkesveer, across the Nederrijn near Wageningen, first mentioned in 1426
Oijen Ferry, across the Meuse at Oijen
Wijhe Ferry, across the IJssel at Wijhe
Wijk bij Duurstede ferry, across the Lek. This one uses a floating cable.

Norway

Fjone ferry, across lake Nisser in Nissedal, Telemark^[20]
Espevær Ferry, in Bømlo, Hordaland
Duesund–Masfjordnes, in Nordhordland
Mjånes-Hisarøy, in Gulen, Sogn og Fjordane

New Zealand

Tuapeka Mouth Ferry, in Tuapeka – South Island, on the Clutha River

Poland

Ferry in Kazimierz Dolny-Janowiec (Poland – Vistula river)

Ferry in Gniew (Poland, Vistula river)

Biechowy Ferry, across the Warta between Biechowy and Piersk^[21]
Borusowa Ferry, across the Vistula between Borusowa and Nowy Korczyn road no. 973^[22]
Brody Ferry, across the Oder at Brody road no. 280^[23]
Brzeg Dolny Ferry, across the Oder between Brzeg Dolny and Głoska
Ciszyca Ferry, across the Vistula between Tarnobrzeg and Ciszyca road no. 758
Czchów Ferry, across the Dunajec between Czchów and Piaski Drużków
Czeszewo Ferry, across the Warta at Czeszewo
Dębno Ferry, across the Warta between Dębno and Orzechowo
Gniew Ferry, across the Vistula between Gniew and Janowo road no. 510
Grzegorzowice Ferry, across the Oder between Grzerorzowice and Ciechowice road no. 421
Janowiec Ferry, across the Vistula between Kazimierz Dolny and Janowiec
Korzeniewo Ferry, across the Vistula between Korzeniewo and Opalenie road no. 232
Kozubów Ferry, across the Warta between Kozubów and Osina
Krzemienna Ferry, across the San between Krzemienna and Jabłonica Ruska
Milsko Ferry, across the Oder between Milsko and Przewóz road no. 282
Nozdrzec Ferry, across the San between Nozdrzec and Dąbrówka Starzeńska
Opatowiec Ferry, across the Vistula between Opatowiec and Ujście Jezuickie
Otfinów Ferry, across the Dunajec between Otfinów and Pasieka Otfinowska
Pogorzelica Ferry, across the Warta between Pogorzelica and Nowa Wieś Podgórna
Połaniec Ferry, across the Vistula between Połaniec and Gliny Małe
Połęcko Ferry, across the Oder between Połęcko and Chlebowo road no. 138
Pomorsko Ferry, across the Oder at Pomorsko road no. 281
Siedliszowice Ferry, across the Dunajec between Siedliszowice and Wietrzychowice
Sławsk Ferry, across the Warta between Sławsk and Węglewskie Holendry
Świniary Ferry, across the Vistula between Baranów Sandomierski and Świniary road no. 872
Waki Ferry, across the Warta at Waki

Slovakia

Perec Ferry, across the Perec distributary of the river Hron, between Starý Tekov and Nový Tekov in Levice district - Foot ferry, came into use in the late 18th century and ceased operations in 2014, replaced by a bridge.

South Africa

Malgas Ferry, across the Breede River at Malgas, Western Cape

Malgas Ferry on the Breede River, Western Cape, South Africa

South Korea

Abai village ferry in Sokcho^[24]

Spain

Pas de Barca Ferry, across the Ebro river, in Miravet, Catalonia

Sweden

The Swedish ferry Carolina af Arnö in lake Mälaren. The yellow colour is typical for car ferries in Sweden.

Adelsön Ferry, in Lake Mälaren from Munsö to Adelsö^[25]
Ammerö Ferry, in Ravunda Lake from Ammer to Stavre^[26]
Arnö Ferry, in Lake Mälaren from Oknö to Arnö^[27]
Avan Ferry, across Lule River from Avan to Norra Sunderbyn^[28]
Boheden Ferry, across Djupträsket from Sandudden to Boheden^[29]
Bohus Malmön Ferry, from Malmön to Roparöbacken^[30]
Bojarkilen Ferry, across Bojarkilen in Strömstad^[31]
Bolmsö Ferry, across Lake Bolmen from Sunnaryd to Bolmsö^[32]
Hamburgsund Ferry, across Hamburgsund from Hamburgsund to Hamburgön^[33]
Högmarsö Ferry, from Högmarsö to Svartnö^[34]
Högsäter Ferry, across Byälven from Högsäter to Fryxnäs^[35]
Isö Ferry, across Storsjön from Isön to Norderön^[36]
Ivö Ferry, across Ivö Lake between Barum and Ivö Island^[37]
Kostersundet Ferry, across Kostersundet from Nordkoster to Sydkoster^[38]
Torpön Ferry, across Lake Sommen from Torpön to Blåvik^[39]
Ytterö Ferry, from Ytterön to Yttre park^[40]

Switzerland

Basel Ferries, four routes across the Rhine in the city of Basel

United Kingdom

The Cowes Floating Bridge loading at East Cowes

Butts Ferry, across the River Exe in Exeter, Devon
Cowes Floating Bridge, across the River Medina on the Isle of Wight
Dartmouth Higher Ferry, across the River Dart in Devon
Hampton Ferry, across the River Avon near Evesham in Worcestershire
Hampton Loade Ferry, across the River Severn in Shropshire
King Harry Ferry, across the River Fal in Cornwall
Reedham Ferry, across the River Yare in Norfolk
Sandbanks Ferry, across the entrance to Poole Harbour in Dorset
Stratford-upon-Avon Ferry, across the River Avon at Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire
Torpoint Ferry, across the River Tamar between Devon and Cornwall
Trowlock Island Ferry, to Trowlock Island in the River Thames
Windermere Ferry, across Windermere in Cumbria

United States

Canby Ferry

White's Ferry on the Potomac River

Wheatland Ferry

Princeton Ferry (Undergoing Renovation)

Akers Ferry, across the Current River near Salem in Missouri
Avoca Island Ferry, across the intracoastal waterway to Avoca Island near Morgan City in Louisiana
Bemus-Point Stow Ferry, across Chautauqua Lake in New York
Buena Vista Ferry, across the Willamette River in Oregon
Canby Ferry, across the Willamette River in Oregon
Los Ebanos Ferry, across the Rio Grande between Los Ebanos, Texas and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Tamaulipas
Elwell Ferry, across the Cape Fear River in North Carolina
Fredericktown Ferry, across the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania^[41]
Hatton Ferry, across the James River in Virginia
Ironton Ferry, across an arm of Lake Charlevoix in Michigan
J-Mack Ferry, across an arm of the Sacramento River in California^[42]^[43]
Merrimac Ferry, across the Wisconsin River in Wisconsin
Merry Point Ferry, across the Corrotoman River in Virginia
Parker's Ferry, across the Meherrin River in North Carolina
Princeton Ferry, across the Sacramento River in California^[43]
Sans Souci Ferry, across the Cashie River in North Carolina
Saugatuck Ferry, across the Kalamazoo River in Michigan
Sunnybank Ferry, across the Little Wicomico River in Virginia
Sycamore Island Ferry, across the Potomac River in Maryland
Ticonderoga Ferry, across Lake Champlain between Ticonderoga, New York and Shoreham, Vermont
Upper Ferry, across the Wicomico River in Maryland^[44]
Valley View Ferry, across the Kentucky River in Kentucky
Wheatland Ferry, across the Willamette River in Oregon
White's Ferry, across the Potomac River in Maryland
Whitehaven Ferry, across the Wicomico River at Whitehaven, Maryland^[44]
Woodland Ferry, across the Nanticoke River in Delaware^[44]

Zambia

Chambeshi Ferry, across the Chambeshi River near Mbesuma
Kabompo Ferry, across the Kabompo River 80 km south-east of Kabompo
Kafue Ferry, across the Kafue River 4.5 km west of the Zambezi

Zimbabwe

Ekusileni Ferry, across the Insiza River downstream of Filabusi

References

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↑ "PUNT WORKING.". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 5 March 1953. p. 11. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
↑ "Blanchetown Punt.". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 13 April 1953. p. 4. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
↑ de:Vivar-Kanal
↑ "Blanchetown Punt.". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 25 November 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
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↑ "Köteles komp Soroksár és Csepel között (csepeli-soroksári komp) - Wikimapia". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
↑ "List of ferry types in the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Vrienden van de voetveren. Retrieved 2014-03-09.
↑ https://dittdistrikt.no/aktiviteter/472394/fjoneferja – Fjone cable ferry, in Norwegian with English summary
↑ "Prom rzeczny (52.215265,18.434951)" [River ferry (52.215265,18.434951)]. Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
↑ "Prom rzeczny (50.290066,20.801754)" [River ferry (50.290066,20.801754)]. Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
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↑ "Isöleden". Trafikverket.
↑ "File:Linfärjan Karna, Ivösjön.jpg". Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
↑ "Trädfällning inom tätort".
↑ "Camping, Boende & Hyra stuga i Östergötland av Torpöns Färjeläge".
↑ "Hem".
↑ Hamill, Sean D. (2009-05-17). "Getting There From Here, Is It Better by the Ferry?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
↑ "The Cable Guy – Piloting the Delta's J-Mack ferry beats working for a living". Prosper Media, LLC. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
1 2 "Ferries". California Delta Chambers and Visitor's Bureau. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
1 2 3 Shellenberger, William H (2001). Cruising the Chesapeake. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 236–237. ISBN 0-07-136371-8.

External links

Twyford chain ferry on the River Trent,UK, 1899
Cable ferries operating in New Brunswick, Canada

Modern merchant ships

Dry cargo	Barge Bulk carrier Car float Chain boat Coaster Collier Container ship Heavy-lift ship Hopper barge Lake freighter Lighter aboard ship Livestock carrier Reefer ship RORO ship Submarine Cargo Vessel Train ferry

Tankers	Chemical tanker FPSO unit Gas carrier LNG carrier Oil tanker

Passenger	Cable ferry Cargo liner Cruise ship Cruiseferry Ferry Narrowboat Ocean liner RORO ship Train ferry

Support	Diving support vessel Fireboat Platform supply vessel Pusher Tender Tugboat

Other	Floating restaurant Cable layer Crane vessel Dredger Drillship Fishing vessel Icebreaker Merchant submarine Narco-submarine Pipe-laying ship Research vessel Riverboat Semi-submersible Snagboat

Public transport

Bus service	Bus list Bus rapid transit Charabanc Express bus Guided bus Intercity bus driver Open top bus Public light bus Rail replacement bus Shuttle bus Transit bus Trolleybus

Rail	Cable car Commuter rail Funicular Heavy rail Heritage railway Heritage streetcar High-speed rail Horsecar Inter-city rail Interurban Light rail Medium-capacity rail transport system Monorail Rapid transit Regional rail Rubber-tyred metro Street running Tram Tram-train

Vehicles for hire	Auto rickshaw Boda-boda Cycle rickshaw Gondola Hackney carriage Limousine Motorcycle taxi Paratransit Personal rapid transit Pulled rickshaw Share taxi Taxicab

Carpooling	Car jockey Flexible carpooling Real-time ridesharing Slugging Vanpool

Ship	Cable ferry Ferry Hovercraft Hydrofoil Ocean liner Water taxi

Other transport	Aerial tramway Airline Airliner Bicycle-sharing Carsharing Elevator Escalator Gondola lift Horse-drawn vehicle Maglev Moving walkway People mover Trackless train

Locations	Airport Bus bulb Bus garage (bus depot) Bus lane Bus stand Bus station Bus stop Bus terminus Bus turnout (bus bay) Circle route Cross-city route Dry dock Hangar Harbor Interchange station Kassel kerb Layover Metro station Park and ride Port Queue jump Radial route Taxicab stand Train station Tram stop Transit mall Transport hub Transport network

Ticketing and fares	Automated fare collection Bus advertising Contract of carriage Dead mileage Exit fare Fare avoidance Fare evasion Farebox recovery ratio Free public transport Free travel pass Integrated ticketing Manual fare collection Money train Paid area Proof-of-payment Reduced fare program Smart cards Ticket machine Transfer Transit pass

Facilities	Checked baggage First class Sleeper Standing passenger Travel class

Scheduling	Bus bunching Clock-face scheduling Headway On-time performance Public transport timetable Short turn

Other topics	Airport security Boarding Crush load Destination sign Hail and ride Network length Non-revenue track Prohibited activities Rail subsidies Request stop Passenger load factor Security Transit district Transit map Transit police Transit-oriented development (TOD) Transportation authority

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