San Diego International Airport

San Diego International Airport
Lindbergh Field
IATA: SAN – ICAO: KSAN – FAA LID: SAN
– WMO: 72290
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner/Operator San Diego County Regional Airport Authority
Serves Greater San Diego
Location North Harbor Drive
San Diego, California
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL 17 ft / 5 m
Coordinates 32°44′01″N 117°11′23″W / 32.73361°N 117.18972°W / 32.73361; -117.18972Coordinates: 32°44′01″N 117°11′23″W / 32.73361°N 117.18972°W / 32.73361; -117.18972
Website www.san.org
Maps

FAA airport diagram
SAN
SAN
SAN

Location within San Diego

Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
9/27 9,400 2,865 Asphalt/Concrete
Statistics (2015)
Total passengers 20,081,258
International Passengers 698,754
Total Domestic Passengers 19,382,504
Source: Airport Authority[2][3]

San Diego International Airport (IATA: SAN, ICAO: KSAN, FAA LID: SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field, is an international airport 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of downtown San Diego, California, United States. It is operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority.[4][5]

In 2015, traffic at San Diego International exceeded 20 million passengers.[2] The airport had about 465 scheduled operations carrying 48,000 passengers each day, a total of 18,756,997 passengers in 2014. The airport has domestic flights and also has international flights to Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Japan.

San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2015, by seat capacity, are Southwest Airlines (42.7%), American Airlines (14.0%), United Airlines (11.2%), Alaska Airlines (10.1%), and Delta Air Lines (9.9%).[6]

It is the busiest single-runway commercial airport in the United States.[7]

History

The airport is near the site of the Ryan Airlines factory, but it is not the same as Dutch Flats, the Ryan airstrip where Charles Lindbergh flight tested the Spirit of St. Louis before his historic 1927 transatlantic flight. The site of Dutch Flats is on the other side of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, in the Midway area, near the current intersection of Midway and Barnett avenues.[8]

Inspired by Lindbergh's flight and excited to have made his plane, the city of San Diego passed a bond issue in 1928 for the construction of a two-runway municipal airport. Lindbergh encouraged the building of the airport and agreed to lend his name to it.[9] The new airport, dedicated on August 16, 1928, was San Diego Municipal Airport – Lindbergh Field.

The airport was the first federally certified airfield to serve all aircraft types, including seaplanes. The original terminal was on the northeast side of the field, on Pacific Highway. The airport was also a testing facility for several early U.S. sailplane designs, notably those by William Hawley Bowlus (superintendent of construction on the Spirit of St. Louis) who also operated the Bowlus Glider School at Lindbergh Field from 1929–1930. On June 1, 1930, a regular San Diego – Los Angeles airmail route started. The airport gained 'international airport' status in 1934, and a United States Coast Guard Air Base next to the field was commissioned in April 1937. The Coast Guard's fixed-wing aircraft used Lindbergh Field until the mid-1990s when the fixed-wing aircraft were retired.

A major defense contractor and contributor to World War II heavy bomber production, Consolidated Aircraft, later known as Convair, had their headquarters on the border of Lindbergh Field, and built many of their military aircraft there. Convair used the airport for test and delivery flights from 1935 to 1995.[10]

The Army Air Corps took over the field in 1942, improving it to handle the heavy bombers being manufactured in the region. Two camps were established at the airport during World War II and were named Camp Consair and Camp Sahara.[11] This transformation, including an 8,750 ft (2,670 m) runway, made the airport "jet-ready' long before jet airliners came into service.[12] The May 1952 C&GS chart shows 8700-ft runway 9 and 4500-ft runway 13.

Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) established its headquarters in San Diego and started service at Lindbergh Field in 1949. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 42 departures per day: 14 American, 13 United, 6 Western, 6 Bonanza, and 3 PSA (5 PSA on Friday and Sunday). American had a nonstop flight to Dallas and one to El Paso; aside from that, nonstop flights did not reach beyond California and Arizona. Nonstop flights to Chicago started in 1962 and to New York in 1967.

The first scheduled jet flights at Lindbergh Field were in 1960: American Airlines Boeing 720s to Phoenix and United Airlines 720s to San Francisco.

The original terminal was on the north side of the airport and was used until the 1960s; the current Terminal 1 opened on the south side of the airport on March 5, 1967. Terminal 2 opened on July 11, 1979. These terminals were designed by Paderewski Dean & Associates.[13] A third terminal, dubbed the Commuter Terminal, opened July 23, 1996. Terminal 2 was expanded by 300,000 square feet (27,871 m2) in 1998, and opened on January 7, 1998. The expanded Terminal 2 and the Commuter Terminal were designed by Gensler and SGPA Architecture and Planning.[14][15] As downtown San Diego developed, the airport's 3600-ft second runway was closed as its short length provided no operational benefits other than to support the smallest of aircraft.

The airport was originally built and operated by the City of San Diego through the sale of municipal bonds to be repaid by airport users. In 1962 it was transferred to the San Diego Unified Port District by a state law. The airport is now operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority.

Expansion

San Diego International Airport's expansion and enhancement program for Terminal 2 was dubbed "The Green Build". Additions include 10 gates on the west side of Terminal 2 West, a two-level roadway separating arriving and departing passengers, additional security lanes, and an expanded concession area.[16] It was completed in August 13, 2013 and cost $900 million.[17] In January 2016 the airport opened a new consolidated rental car facility on the north side of the airport. The $316 million, 2 million square foot facility houses 14 rental car companies and is served by shuttle buses to and from the terminals.[18] A new three-story parking structure in front of Terminal 2 was launched in July 2016 and is expected to be completed by 2018.[17]

Build-out

On February 8, 2008, SANDAG and the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority discussed long-term future measures with three goals:

  1. optimize the airport,
  2. improve transit to the airport region-wide, and
  3. reduce traffic congestion near the airport.[19]

They created the Ad Hoc Airport Regional Policy Committee, chaired by then-San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders.[20] Destination Lindbergh was a year-long, comprehensive analysis that considered ground transportation, an intermodal transit center (ITC), passenger terminals, a consolidated rental car facility (CONRAC), airfield/airspace, environment, financial feasibility and regional development issues to ultimately produce a Draft Concept for the long-term development of Lindbergh Field. On March 23, 2009 the Airport Authority Board accepted the Destination Lindbergh Draft Concept for public distribution and directed that an invitation be sent to all stakeholders for future planning, and that the Concept establish benchmarks for operations, social and economic benefits, and transit ridership.[21]

The plan outlines three basic models of future development: north-centric (bordering Pacific Highway and Interstate 5), south-centric (where it is currently) and a hybrid version, with terminals on the south side, passenger processing, rental cars and parking on the north side, and an automated people mover connecting the two underneath the runway. The north-centric concept is hampered by the fact that the taxiway on the north side of the runway does not extend for the full runway length. For this plan to be developed, land would need to be acquired from the Marine Corps Recruit Depot to build the taxiway. Without this taxiway, all aircraft would have to land, exit the runway to the south, then cross the runway to get to the gates on the north side. This is the same reason that the Terminal (now Terminal 1) was constructed on the South side of the airfield in 1967.

Plans also outline dedicated I-5 on and off-ramps, and an 'intermodal transit hub' including a Coaster/Amtrak station, a stop for the San Diego Trolley system, and eventually a center for the southern terminus of the California High-Speed Rail line.[19] The approximate target date for completion of the project is 2035.[22] In January 2013, mayor Bob Filner stated that he had a plan to fast track efforts to make the plans a reality for San Diego. However, the airport is an independent agency and its planning is not controlled by the city.[23]

Relocation proposals

California State Assembly Bill AB 93[24] created the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority in 2001. The SDCRAA projects that SAN will be constrained due to congestion between 2015–2022.[25] In June 2006, SDCRAA board members selected Marine Corps Air Station Miramar as its preferred site for a replacement airport, despite military objections. On November 7, 2006, San Diego County residents defeated an advisory relocation which included a joint use proposal measure.[26][27]

Multiple studies have been conducted on where to place an airport dating back to 1923. The first study developed the site location plan for Lindbergh field. Eighteen studies were conducted by private groups, most in the early days by those who were opposed to Lindbergh being built instead of on land set aside at what is now Montgomery Field. One was a revisiting of a study done in the 1980s by the City in 1994 when NAS Miramar closed as a naval air station and was then immediately transferred to the Marine Corps as a marine corps air station, MCAS Miramar. Another was by the City of San Diego in 1984 and another that started in 1996 and sat dormant with SANDAG until the Airport Authority was formed. This study is the first study ever done to look for a new site by an agency that actually had jurisdiction over the issue, and the first non-site specific comprehensive study of the entire region.

Three professors from UCSD, Fred Spiess, PhD, former director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Walter Munk, PhD, Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Chair for Scripps Institute of Oceanography and Frieder Seible, PhD, former dean of the Jacobs School of Engineering, proposed building a floating airport in deep water west of the end of Interstate 8 in Ocean Beach. Their plan would use Lindbergh Field terminals and parking facilities for passenger ticketing and security then whisk them by tram via Interstate 8 and an 'Archimedes bridge' to the floating airport, a trip of perhaps 15 minutes at 60 mph. Several groups have approached the Airport Board for sponsorship to apply for federal funds to develop the plan, but the proposal has never been given serious consideration. Now, the advent of 3D concrete printing and special polymerized, fiber-reinforced concrete mixes—an efficient method of construction—may make this proposal less expensive than building a new airport on land.[28][29]

In 2013, graduate business students at California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) Fully Employed MBA (FEMBA) program released several studies around a new proposed international airport in San Diego County. The first group of studies are known as San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 1.0.[30] Qualcomm sponsored the CSUSM airport exploratory studies.[31] The research project examined several topics: Demand Projections,[32] Economic Implications,[33] Infrastructure, Traffic & Transportation,[34] Political Implications[35] and Potential Demographic Changes.[36] The study discussed the political implications of developing a new international airport at three different locations: Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, Campo/Boulevard and Marine Corp Base Camp Pendleton. The CSUSM airport studies build upon the Ricondo & Associates Consulting Group 2006 report which evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of building an airport at each of these sites.[35] The San Diego Airpott Exploratory Study 1.0 determined the only feasible location would be on the southern edge of Camp Pendleton [32] at the existing Munn Field air strip. The location is on approximately 5000 acres, comprising 4% of the total land at Camp Pendleton.

In 2014 and 2015, Qualcomm sponsored further studies known as San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.0 [37] and San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.1.[38] The studies have generated media attention in local newspapers,[39] KPBS radio [40][41] and news stations such as KUSI Channel 9.[42][43][44] On December 9, 2015, students presented the San Diego Airport Exploratory Study 2.1 report at California State University San Marcos. Qualcomm founder Irwin Jacobs[44] and real estate investor Malin Burnham were among those in attendance at the presentation.

Airport facilities

Terminal facilities

The airport has nearly completed a substantial expansion of concessions. 73 new shops and food and beverage locations have opened throughout the terminals.[45] Three airline lounges are located in the airport in Terminal 2: Delta SkyClub, United Club, and a joint Airspace Lounge/American Airlines Admirals Club.[46]

Rental car facilities

Until 2015, major rental cars companies operated out of ground-level facilities across Harbor Drive from the airport, with each company operating its own shuttle. Other companies were located on private property near the airport. In January 2016 the airport opened a consolidated rental car facility on the north side of the airport, withhousing 14 rental car agencies with capacity for 19. An on-airport shuttle bus service transports passengers to and from the airport. The same shuttle bus also serves passengers from off-site rental car companies, and is intended to carry passengers from a nearby trolley stop as well.[47]

Terminals

Airport's Control Tower.
Terminal 1 of the Airport.

San Diego International Airport has two terminals:

Terminal 1
Terminal 2
Commuter Terminal (former)

The airport is home to the largest airport USO center in the world.[49]

The airport promotes education about its history,[50] and sponsors an "airport explorers" program.[51]

There are several well-known pieces of art on display at the airport.[52] Inside Terminal 2 is a recreation of The Spirit of St. Louis. A popular piece with tourists is At The Gate which depicts comical characters patiently waiting for their planes.[53] Terminal 2 also features "The Spirit of Silence,” a meditation room designed by public artist Norie Sato.[54]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Air Canada Express Vancouver (begins December 15, 2016) 2
Air Canada Rouge Toronto–Pearson 2
Alaska Airlines Baltimore (begins March 15, 2017),[55] Boston, Honolulu, Kahului, Kailua–Kona, Lihue, Newark, Orlando, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Salt Lake City, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma 1
Alaska Airlines
operated by Horizon Air 		Monterey, Santa Rosa
Seasonal: Fresno, Mammoth Lakes 		1
Alaska Airlines
operated by SkyWest Airlines 		Boise, Fresno, Salt Lake City, Sacramento (begins March 16, 2017),[56] San Jose (CA)
Seasonal: Hayden/Steamboat Springs (begins December 17, 2016)[57] 		1
Allegiant Air Bellingham, El Paso, Provo, Stockton 2
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor 2
American Eagle Los Angeles 2
British Airways London–Heathrow 2
Condor Seasonal: Frankfurt (begins May 1, 2017)[58] 2
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: San José del Cabo 		2
Delta Connection Las Vegas (begins December 17, 2016),[59] Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma 2
Edelweiss Air Seasonal: Zürich (begins June 9, 2017)[60] 2
Frontier Airlines Denver, Orlando[61] 1
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu 2
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita 2
JetBlue Airways Boston, Fort Lauderdale, New York–JFK 2
Southwest Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Oakland, Orlando, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Seattle/Tacoma, St. Louis, Tucson 1
Spirit Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Las Vegas, San José del Cabo 2
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul 2
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles 2
United Express Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco 2
Virgin America San Francisco 2
WestJet Calgary
Seasonal: Vancouver		 2

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
DHL Express
operated by Atlas Air 		Cincinnati, Phoenix–Sky Harbor
FedEx Express Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Memphis, Oakland, Ontario
UPS Airlines Honolulu, Louisville

General aviation

Landmark Aviation is the fixed-base operator (FBO) at San Diego International Airport. Landmark services all aircraft ranging from the single-engine Cessna aircraft to the four-engine Boeing 747. Generally, it service s corporate traffic to the airport. The FBO ramp is located at the northeast end of the airfield. Landmark Aviation used to be known as Jimsair Aviation Services. Jimsair was the FBO at the airport for 55 years, until July 2008, when it was purchased by Landmark Aviation.

Statistics

American Airlines MD-80 and Virgin America A320 at Terminal 2.
British Airways Boeing 777 landing at the airport.
Spirit of St. Louis inside the airport.

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from SAN (September 2015 – August 2016)[62]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 San Francisco, California 824,000 Southwest, United, Virgin America
2 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona 610,000 American, Southwest, US Airways
3 Denver, Colorado 603,000 Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
4 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 537,000 Alaska, Delta, Southwest
5 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 529,000 American, Spirit
6 Las Vegas, Nevada 485,000 Southwest, Spirit
7 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 467,000 American, Spirit, United
8 Atlanta, Georgia 410,000 Delta, Southwest
9 Oakland, California 391,000 Southwest
10 San José, California 367,000 Alaska, Southwest
Busiest international routes from SAN (2014)[63]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 San José del Cabo, Mexico 230,728 Alaska, Spirit
2 London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 167,614 British Airways
3 Tokyo (Narita), Japan 108,455 Japan Airlines
4 Toronto (Pearson), Canada 74,719 Air Canada Rouge
5 Calgary, Canada 63,988 WestJet
6 Mexico City, Mexico 42,681 Volaris

Airline market share

 Airline market share (May '15 – April '16)[64]
Rank Carrier Enplanements Share
1 Southwest 7,700,000 39%
2 American 2,527,000 13%
3 United 2,334,000 12%
4 Delta 2,089,000 11%
5 Alaska 1,544,000 8%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic (enplaned + deplaned) at SAN, 1949 through 2014[65]
Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers Year Passengers
1949139,32719693,320,576198911,111,080200916,974,172
1950193,37319703,341,391199010,937,026201016,889,622
1951321,18919713,464,174199111,185,920201116,891,690
1952390,42719723,915,395199211,759,091201217,250,265
1953402,67419734,274,286199311,817,706201317,710,241
1954426,60019744,410,972199412,681,985201418,758,751
1955496,64119754,490,668199512,908,395201520,081,258
1956582,12019764,912,368199613,461,361
1957682,60919775,447,648199713,900,712
1958698,54319786,185,583199814,340,447
1959786,79819796,541,820199914,971,261
1960878,66919805,213,356200015,746,445
1961883,28819815,022,152200114,942,061
1962951,65519825,630,343200214,731,518
19631,152,06519836,547,439200315,304,975
19641,319,85519847,173,272200416,517,153
19651,632,83319857,937,806200517,569,355
19662,048,03419869,084,438200617,673,483
19672,486,21319879,801,030200718,326,734
19682,958,053198810,748,729200818,125,633

Flight operations

Runway configuration and landing

The airport consists of a single runway designated runway 9/27 for its magnetic compass headings of 094 and 274 degrees orienting it directly east and west in relation to magnetic north. The runway is an asphalt and concrete design with dimensions of 9,400 feet (2,900 m) x 200 feet (61 m). A displaced threshold exists in both directions. For runway 27 the first 1,810 feet (550 m) are displaced and for runway 9 the first 700 feet (210 m) are displaced.

Typical prevailing winds in San Diego are from the west and most takeoffs and landings at the airport are from east to west utilizing runway 27.

The approach from the east is steeper than most because the terrain drops from 266 ft (81 m) to sea level in less than one nautical mile. The runway is west of a hill with several obstructions, including Interstate 5 and trees in Balboa Park. Contrary to local lore, the parking structure off the end of the runway was built in the 1980s long after previous obstructions were built up east of I-5 and does not affect the approach.

Landing at the airport from the east offers closeup views of skyscrapers, Petco Park (home of the San Diego Padres), the San Diego Bay, and the San Diego–Coronado Bridge from the left side of the aircraft. On the right, Balboa Park, site of the 1915–1916 Panama-California Exposition, can be seen.

Reverse operations

Runway 27 (landing east to west), is a localizer-only approach and is unusable for landing when visibility drops below about 2 miles. This forces arriving aircraft to use Runway 9 (landing west to east). Because of the terrain east of the airport, weight limits are imposed on many departing aircraft depending on their required takeoff weights. As a result, some aircraft must take off to the west. While safe, these "head to head" operations slow the flow of aircraft for sequencing and create delays in the air and on the ground.

Terrain east and west of the airport greatly impacts the available runway length. Runway 27 (heading west) has a climb gradient of 353 ft/nmi (58.1 m/km) feet per nautical mile. Taking off to the east requires a 610 ft/nmi (100 m/km) climb rate.

San Diego International Airport does not have standard 1,000 ft (300 m) runway safety areas at the end of each runway. An engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) has been installed at the west end of the runway to halt any aircraft overruns. The east end of the runway does not have such a system as its use would reduce the runway length by at least 400 ft (120 m), further impacting the runway's capability for departures to the west. Instead, the use of declared distances reduces the mathematical length of Runway 9 (west to east operations) by declaring that the easternmost end of Runway 9 is 1,121 feet shorter than it actually is (a net length of 8,280-feet).[66]

Noise curfew

FedEx McDonnell Douglas DC-10 coming into San Diego International

SAN is in a populated area. To appease the concerns of the airport's neighbors regarding noise and possible ensuing lawsuits, a curfew was put in place in 1979. Departures are allowed between 6:30 a.m. and 11:30 p.m. Departures outside those hours are subject to a large fine. Arrivals are permitted 24 hours per day.[67] While several flights have scheduled departure times before 6:30 a.m., these times are pushback times; the first takeoff roll is at 6:30 a.m.

Current status

As of September, 2016, San Diego International Airport is served by 17 passenger airlines and five cargo airlines which fly nonstop to 57 destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and Japan. Several carriers including Alaska, Southwest, and Spirit have increased their flights to and from San Diego. Flights between SAN and Los Cabos (Mexico), Dallas, Portland, Boston, Washington D.C./Baltimore, Burbank, and Tokyo were added in 2014; however, Burbank has since been discontinued.[68][69][70]

British Airways resumed nonstop service to London Heathrow Airport on June 1, 2011 with a Boeing 777-200ER. The airline had dropped this route in October 2003, after the worldwide downturn in aviation after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The airline had been flying nonstop to London Heathrow (previously London Gatwick on its 777-200s); however, the route had originally been flown from Gatwick via Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport on a Boeing 747-400. After the September 11 attacks, the route was reduced to six days a week, then five, and then cancelled. In June 2010 the European Union approved the new Atlantic Joint Business Agreement between British Airways, American Airlines, and Iberia Airlines, which dropped many of the provisions of the Bermuda II treaty and its restrictions on airlines flying to Heathrow. Oneworld members now can earn mileage on any American Airlines, British Airways, or Japan Airlines flight.[71] On March 27, 2016, British Airways changed the aircraft on this flight from the 3-class 777-200 to the 4-class 777-300, increasing passenger and cargo capacity, and to provide first class seats. But in November 2015 British Airways announced that it would fly its Boeing 747-400 on the London-San Diego route. The last time it flew the 747-400 into this city was in 2003 via Phoenix Sky Harbor (which then continued onto Gatwick, not Heathrow).[72]

Japan Airlines began service to Tokyo-Narita on December 2, 2012, using the Boeing 787 aircraft. This is the airport's first nonstop flight to Asia. The flights used the 787 until its grounding when service was temporarily replaced with a 777-200ER. The last 777 flight was May 31, 2013. On June 1, 2013, 787 service resumed, this time daily. This route is covered under the Pacific Joint Business Agreement between Oneworld partners Japan Airlines and American Airlines.[73][74]

On Thursday, June 9, 2016, Condor Flugdienst Airlines announced thrice-weekly seasonal service from Frankfurt am Main International Airport to San Diego, with Monday flights beginning May 1, 2017, through October 2, 2017, Thursday flights beginning May 4, 2017, through October 5, 2017, and Saturday flights beginning July 8, 2017, through September 2, 2017. Flights will be on a Boeing 767-300 aircraft.[75] Similarly, on June 21, 2016, Edelweiss Air announced twice-weekly seasonal service from Zürich Airport, beginning Monday, June 9, 2017, with the second flight of the week on Fridays. Flights will be on an Airbus A340-300 aircraft.[76]

The busiest route by flight count is to Los Angeles with 25 daily round trips on United Express, American Eagle, and Delta Connection. The busiest route by available seats per day is to San Francisco with just over 2,816 seats on 21 daily round trips on United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and Virgin America.

In January 2008, San Diego International Airport entered the blogosphere with the launch of the first employee blog – the Ambassablog[77] – for a major U.S. airport. Written by front-line employees, the blog features regular posts on airport activities, events, and initiatives; reader comments; and several multimedia and interactive features. It has been presented as a case study in employee blogging to several public agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.

In February 2008, San Diego International Airport was one of the first major airports in the U.S. to adopt a formal sustainability policy, which expresses the airport's commitment to a four-layer approach to sustainability known as EONS. As promulgated by Airports Council International – North America, EONS represents an integrated "quadruple bottom line" of (E)conomic viability, (O)perational excellence, (N)atural resource conservation and preservation and (S)ocial responsibility.

In May 2008, California Attorney General Jerry Brown announced an agreement with San Diego International Airport on reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the airport's proposed master plan improvements. In announcing the agreement, the Attorney General's office said "San Diego airport will play a key leadership role in helping California meet its aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets."

There are three public transportation options:

San Diego International Airport is testing a new system of airfield lights called Runway Status Lights (RWSL) for the FAA. It completed the rehabilitation of the north taxiway in 2010. A project that included replacing its airfield lighting and signage with energy efficient LED lights where possible (LEDs are only permissible for use on Taxiway Lights, Obstruction Lights, Signage, and Medium Intensity Runway Lights at this time – the runway at San Diego uses High Intensity Runway Lights) and is constructing 10 new gates for Terminal 2 West.

Because of the airport's close proximity to downtown San Diego, FAA regulations do not allow any building within a 1.5 mile radius of the runway to be taller than 500 feet.

USCG operations

The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) air station is in the southeast corner of the airfield. The installation originally supported fixed-wing seaplane operations, with seaplane ramps into the bay, and land-based fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing operations.

The air station is separated from the rest of the airfield, so USCG fixed-wing aircraft must cross North Harbor Drive, a busy, 6-lane city street, to reach the runway. Streetlight activation opens the locked gates to the airfield and the air station, and also stops traffic while aircraft are crossing the street. This was a common occurrence during the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, when CGAS San Diego had both HH-3F Pelican and HH-60J Jayhawk helicopters and HU-25 Guardian jets assigned. Today, this is an extremely rare occurrence, as CGAS San Diego's HU-25As have been reassigned and there are no fixed-wing aircraft currently assigned to the station.

Accidents and incidents

Recognition and awards

California High-Speed Rail

California's Future High-Speed Rail System, which started construction in 2015, will have the southern terminus of the line at the airport.

Endangered species habitat

A portion of the southeast infield at San Diego International Airport is set aside as a nesting site for the endangered California Least Tern. The least tern nests on three ovals from March through September. The birds lay their eggs in the sand and gravel surface at the southwest end of the airfield. The San Diego Zoological Society monitors the birds from May through September. The terns nest on the airfield because they do not have to compete with beach goers and the airport fence keeps dogs and other animals out, while the airplane activity helps keep predatory hawks away from the nests. Approximately 135 nests were established there in 2007.[85]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Alaska Airlines is in a Newark State of Mind". Splash.alaskasworld.com. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  2. 1 2 Hirsh, Lou (January 25, 2016). "San Diego International Airport Tops 20 Million Passengers for 2015". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Air Traffic Reports". San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  4. ↑ FAA Airport Master Record for SAN (Form 5010 PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Effective October 25, 2007.
  5. ↑ San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Archived September 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ "San Diego International Airport: successfully fighting to grow, despite opposition to relocation". January 16, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  7. ↑ Summers, Dave (May 30, 2015). "FAA Takes Steps to Change Rules Regarding Mental and Emotional Health of Pilots". KNSD. San Diego. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
    Ziff Davis, Inc. (5 September 2006). PC Mag. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 24. ISSN 0888-8507.
    Developing an Airport Performance-measurement System. Transportation Research Board. 1 January 2010. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-309-15477-2.
    Halverstadt, Lisa (September 23, 2014). "For San Diego Businesses, the Sky Is What's Limiting". Voice of San Diego. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Port of San Diego map". February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  9. ↑ "CharlesLindbergh.com" (PDF). February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  10. ↑ "San Diego Air and Space Museum". San Diego and Space Museum. September 15, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  11. ↑ "San Diego Municipal Airport". California Military Museum System. California Military Department. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016. Two cantonment areas, Camps Consair and Sahara, were constructed to house troops attending factory schools and other Army activities located at the airport.
  12. ↑ "Official site". San.org. February 15, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  13. ↑ "Paderewski, CJ – Modern San Diego Dot Com". Modernsandiego.com. July 23, 1908. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Lorraine Francis, AIA, LEED AP". Cadiz Design Studio. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  15. ↑ "Special Projects". SGPA. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  16. ↑ "The Green Build at San Diego County Regional Airport Authority". Retrieved June 16, 2010.
  17. 1 2 Hirsh, Lou (July 28, 2016). "Construction Starting on $127.8 Million Airport Parking Plaza". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  18. ↑ "Airport Plans Jan. 20 Opening for New Rental Car Center By SDBJ Staff". San Diego Business Journal. January 13, 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  19. 1 2 "What is the Ultimate Build-Out for Lindbergh Field". Web. San Diego International Airport. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  20. ↑ "Ad Hoc Airport Regional Council Committee". SANDAG. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  21. ↑ "Airports in the Region Case Study" (PDF). American Planning Association (APA) – Divisions Council. December 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ Hawkins, Robert J. (January 26, 2011). "One solution for airport overcrowding? High speed rail". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  23. ↑ "San Diego Travelers on Board with Trolley to Airport". Web. Fox 5 San Diego. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  24. ↑ Wayne. "California Assembly Bill 93". Leginfo.ca.gov. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  25. ↑ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. December 11, 2005. Archived from the original on December 11, 2005. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  26. ↑ "Airport Measure Shot Down". Voiceofsandiego.org. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  27. ↑ SDCRAA Endorses Miramar For New Airport Site, Despite Military Protest (San Diego Tribune: June 5, 2006)
  28. ↑ "Floating an idea: airport on the water". The San Diego Union-Tribune. September 21, 2013.
  29. ↑ "Floating airport proposal resurfaces - The San Diego Union-Tribune". The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  30. ↑ CSUSM - IITS Web Services. "MBA Student Projects". California State University San Marcos.
  31. ↑ http://www.cbjonline.com/a3sdbj/resources/supplements/PDF/20150209_Education.pdf
  32. 1 2 http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/project_demand
  33. ↑ http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/project_economic
  34. ↑ http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/project_traffic
  35. 1 2 http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/project_political
  36. ↑ http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/project_demographics
  37. ↑ http://www.csusm.edu/mba/docs/airport%202.0%20paper.pdf
  38. ↑ study 2.1
  39. ↑ "CSUSM study finds Pendleton airport feasible". The San Diego Union-Tribune. December 8, 2015.
  40. ↑ Alison St John. "Study Touts Benefits Of International Airport At Camp Pendleton". KPBS Public Media.
  41. ↑ Maureen Cavanaugh, Pat Finn. "Camp Pendleton International Airport? The Economics". KPBS Public Media.
  42. ↑ http://www.kusi.com/Clip/12057459/new-study-suggests-international-airport-at-camp-pendleton[]
  43. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  44. 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  45. ↑ "San Diego International Airport > Shop Dine Relax". San.org.
  46. ↑ "San Diego Airport- Airspace Lounge page". San.org. 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
  47. ↑ Hirsh, Lou (January 12, 2015). "Airport Plans Jan. 20 Opening for New Rental Car Center". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  48. ↑ "Commuter Terminal Ceases Flight Operations at Lindbergh".
  49. ↑ Lee, Joseph Andrew (27 July 2013). "San Diego Opens Largest USO Airport Center in the World". USO News. United Service Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
    Peterson, Karla (2 February 2015). "Mr. USO's big welcome mat". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
    Sutton, Lea (26 September 2013). "Largest USO Airport Center in World Opens at Lindbergh Field". KNSD. San Diego. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
    Steele, Jeanette (25 June 2013). "USO: New center raises profile". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  50. ↑ "Aviation Education at San Diego International Airport". San.org. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
  51. ↑ "Airport Explorers at San Diego International Airport". Airportexplorers.com. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
  52. ↑ "Welcome to San Diego International Airport". Art.san.org. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
  53. ↑ "At the Gate at San Diego International Airport". Art.san.org. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
  54. ↑ "Travelers at San Diego's downtown airport now have a new place to relax -- Lindbergh Field's first ever meditation room. - SanDiegoUnionTribune.com". The San Diego Union-Tribune. June 20, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Alaska Airlines adds San Diego – Baltimore/Washington service from March 2017". routesonline. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  56. ↑ "Alaska Air adds intra-California routes, touts international links". USA Today. May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Alaska Air: Steamboat Springs is 19th nonstop route from San Diego". USA Today. June 9, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Condor Adds New Orleans / San Diego Service in S17". Airline Route. June 8, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  59. ↑ "DELTA Adds Las Vegas - San Diego Flights from mid-Dec 2016". routesonline. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  60. ↑ Meier, Andreas (June 21, 2016). "Cancún, Costa Rica and San Diego - Three New Destinations to Suit All Holiday Tastes" (PDF) (Press release). Zürich: Edelweiss Air. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  61. ↑ Liu, Jim. "Frontier Adds New Pair of Orlando Routes from late-Oct 2016". Routes Online. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  62. ↑ "San Diego, CA: San Diego International (SAN)". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  63. ↑ | DOT T100
  64. ↑ U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Accessed July 20, 2016.
  65. ↑ "San Diego International Airport > News > Air Traffic Reports". San.org.
  66. ↑ "KSAN – San Diego International Airport". AirNav. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  67. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". san.org. The San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
  68. ↑ "San Diego International Airport > Flights > Airlines". Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  69. ↑ "San Diego International Airport > Flights > Airlines". Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  70. ↑ "San Diego International Airport > Flights > Non-Stop Destinations". Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  71. ↑ "British Airways to try S.D.-to-London flight for a third time Page 1 of 2". UTSanDiego.com. October 6, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
  72. ↑ "British Airways upgrades London Heathrow – San Diego route; adding a First Class cabin and Boeing 777-300 aircraft - London Air Travel". London Air Travel.
  73. ↑ Mutzabaugh, Ben (February 15, 2012). "Japan Airlines will use Dreamliner to fly from San Diego". USA Today.
  74. ↑ Weisburg, Lori (June 13, 2012). "Nonstop flights to Japan start Dec. 2". U-T San Diego.
  75. ↑ "Condor announces new seasonal nonstop flights between San Diego and Germany". Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Edelweiss to begin nonstop seasonal service between Zurich and San Diego". Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  77. ↑ "Ambassablog". Ambassablog. April 16, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  78. ↑ http://www.rafb24.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4588:liberator-ii-for-the-raflb-30&catid=29:the-b-24&Itemid=41. Retrieved May 14, 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  79. ↑ http://www.lackland.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070222-007.
  80. ↑ Johnsen, Frederick A., "Dominator: Last and Unluckiest of the Hemisphere Bombers", Wings, Granada Hills, California, February 1974, Volume 4, Number 1, p. 10.
  81. ↑ Veronico, Nicholas A., " 'Failure at the Factory", Air Enthusiast, Stamford, Lincs, UK, Number 124, July–August 2006, pp.31–33.
  82. ↑ Veronico, Nicholas A., " 'Failure at the Factory", Air Enthusiast, Stamford, Lincs, UK, Number 124, July–August 2006, p. 33.
  83. ↑ Veronico, Nicholas A., " 'Failure at the Factory", Air Enthusiast, Stamford, Lincs, UK, Number 124, July–August 2006, p. 35.
  84. ↑ "San Diego-Lindbergh Field Ranked No. 4 Best Airport in North America" (PDF). Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  85. ↑ Davis, Rob (August 31, 2007). "Wildlife Agency Gets Pushback in Downgrading Endangered Bird". Voice of San Diego. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Diego International Airport.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.