Solabegron

Solabegron
Clinical data

ATC code	None
Identifiers
IUPAC name 3'-[(2-{[(2R)-2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino}ethyl)amino]-3-biphenylcarboxylic acid
Synonyms	3-[3-[2-[[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethylamino]phenyl]benzoic acid
CAS Number	451470-34-1^Y
PubChem (CID)	9887812
ChemSpider	8063484^N
UNII	55P6YH9O6N^Y
KEGG	D05879^Y
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₃H₂₃ClN₂O₃
Molar mass	410.892 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C2=CC(=CC=C2)NCCNC[C@@H](C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl)O
InChI InChI=1S/C23H23ClN2O3/c24-20-8-2-6-18(13-20)22(27)15-25-10-11-26-21-9-3-5-17(14-21)16-4-1-7-19(12-16)23(28)29/h1-9,12-14,22,25-27H,10-11,15H2,(H,28,29)/t22-/m0/s1^N Key:LLDXOPKUNJTIRF-QFIPXVFZSA-N^N
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Solabegron (code name GW-427,353) is a drug which acts as a selective agonist for the β₃ adrenergic receptor. It is being developed for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome.^[1]^[2]^[3] It has been shown to produce visceral analgesia by releasing somatostatin from adipocytes.^[4]^[5]

Solabegron was discovered by GlaxoSmithKline and acquired by AltheRx in March 2011. Solabegron relaxes the bladder smooth muscle by stimulating β₃ adrenoceptors, a novel mechanism compared to older established drug treatments for overactive bladder syndrome such as the anticholinergic agents. Astellas Pharma has developed the first commercially available β₃ adrenergic receptor, mirabegron, which is now licensed in Japan^[6] and the U.S.^[7] for overactive bladder. Mirabegron is not licensed for irritable bowel syndrome.

A Phase II study of solabegron for overactive bladder (OAB) looked at 258 patients with moderate-to-severe incontinence experiencing an average of 4.5 wet episodes per day. Results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement with solabegron as compared to placebo, as measured by the percent reduction of the number of wet episodes and the absolute number of daily voids.

A Phase II study for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) evaluated 102 patients with IBS. Solabegron demonstrated significant reduction in pain associated with the disorder and a trend for greater improvement in the quality of life, compared to placebo.

Both Phase II studies indicated a tolerability profile for solabegron that was similar to placebo. The OAB patients did not suffer from dry mouth, constipation, increase in heart rate or cognitive issues.

AltheRx is currently preparing to advance solabegron into a large clinical study in OAB.

References

↑ Hicks, A; McCafferty, GP; Riedel, E; Aiyar, N; Pullen, M; Evans, C; Luce, TD; Coatney, RW; Rivera, GC; Westfall, TD; Hieble, JP (Oct 2007). "GW427353 (solabegron), a novel, selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, evokes bladder relaxation and increases micturition reflex threshold in the dog". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 323 (1): 202–9. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.125757. PMID 17626794.
↑ Grudell, AB; Camilleri, M; Jensen, KL; Foxx-Orenstein, AE; Burton, DD; Ryks, MD; Baxter, KL; Cox, DS; Dukes, GE; Kelleher, DL; Zinsmeister, AR (May 2008). "Dose-response effect of a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, solabegron, on gastrointestinal transit, bowel function, and somatostatin levels in health". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 294 (5): G1114–9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00051.2008. PMID 18372395.
↑ Kelleher, DL; Hicks, KJ; Cox, DS; et al. (2008). "Randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, crossover study to evaluate efficacy and safety of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonist solabegron (SOL) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)". Neurogastroenterol Motil. 20 (Suppl 2): 131.
↑ Cellek, S; Thangiah, R; Bassil, AK; Campbell, CA; Gray, KM; Stretton, JL; Lalude, O; Vivekanandan, S; Wheeldon, A; Winchester, WJ; Sanger, GJ; Schemann, M; Lee, K (Jul 2007). "Demonstration of functional neuronal beta3-adrenoceptors within the enteric nervous system". Gastroenterology. 133 (1): 175–83. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.009.
↑ Schemann, M; Hafsi, N; Michel, K; Kober, OI; Wollmann, J; Li, Q; Zeller, F; Langer, R; Lee, K; Cellek, S (2009). "The beta3-adrenoceptor agonist GW427353 (solabegron) decreases excitability of human enteric neurons via release of somatostatin". Gastroenterology.
↑ "Mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder". Drugs of Today. 48 (1): 25–32. January 2012. doi:10.1358/dot.2012.48.1.1738056. PMID 22384458.
↑ http://chembl.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/new-drug-approvals-2012-pt-xiv.html

Urologicals, including antispasmodics (G04B)

Acidifiers	Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride

Urinary antispasmodics (primarily antimuscarinics)	Darifenacin Desfesoterodine Emepronium Fesoterodine Flavoxate Imidafenacin Meladrazine Mirabegron Oxybutynin Propiverine Solifenacin Terodiline Tolterodine Trospium chloride

Other urologicals	Urea analogues: Acetohydroxamic acid Salicylhydroxamic acid Other: Collagen Dimethyl sulfoxide Magnesium hydroxide Pentosan polysulfate Phenazopyridine Phenyl salicylate Succinimide

Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03)

Drugs for
functional
bowel disorders

Antimuscarinics

Tertiary amino group	Oxyphencyclimine Camylofin Mebeverine Trimebutine Rociverine Dicycloverine Dihexyverine Difemerine Piperidolate

Quaternary ammonium compounds	Benzilone Mepenzolate Pipenzolate Glycopyrronium Oxyphenonium Penthienate Methantheline Propantheline Otilonium Tridihexethyl Isopropamide Hexocyclium Poldine Bevonium Diphemanil Tiemonium Prifinium Timepidium Fenpiverinium

Phosphodiesterase
inhibitors

Acting on
serotonin receptors

Other

Belladonna
and derivatives
(antimuscarinics)

Tertiary amines: Atropine
Hyoscyamine

Propulsives

Adrenergic receptor modulators

α₁

Agonists 6-FNE Amidephrine Anisodine Buspirone Cirazoline Corbadrine Dexisometheptene Dipivefrine Dopamine Droxidopa (L-DOPS) Ephedrine Epinephrine Etilefrine Etilevodopa Ethylnorepinephrine Indanidine Isometheptene L-DOPA (levodopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine Melevodopa Metaraminol Methoxamine Methyldopa Midodrine Naphazoline Norepinephrine Octopamine (drug) Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine Synephrine Tetryzoline Tiamenidine XP21279 Xylometazoline

Antagonists Abanoquil Adimolol Ajmalicine Alfuzosin Amosulalol Anisodamine Arotinolol Atiprosin Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone) Benoxathian Buflomedil Bunazosin Carvedilol Corynanthine Dapiprazole Domesticine Doxazosin Ergolines (e.g., ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, lisuride, terguride) Etoperidone Eugenodilol Fenspiride Hydroxyzine Indoramin Ketanserin L-765,314 Labetalol mCPP Mepiprazole Metazosin Monatepil Moxisylyte Naftopidil Nantenine Nefazodone Neldazosin Niaprazine Nicergoline Niguldipine Pardoprunox Pelanserin Phendioxan Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Piperoxan Prazosin Quinazosin Ritanserin Silodosin Spiperone Talipexole Tamsulosin Terazosin Tiodazosin Tolazoline Trazodone Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, trimipramine) Trimazosin Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, loxapine, thioridazine) Urapidil WB-4101 Zolertine

α₂

Agonists (R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline 4-NEMD 6-FNE Amitraz Apraclonidine Brimonidine Cannabivarin Clonidine Corbadrine Detomidine Dexmedetomidine Dihydroergotamine Dipivefrine Dopamine Droxidopa (L-DOPS) Etilevodopa Ephedrine Ergotamine Epinephrine Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Guanabenz Guanfacine Guanoxabenz L-DOPA (levodopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine Lofexidine Medetomidine Melevodopa Methyldopa Mivazerol Naphazoline Norepinephrine Oxymetazoline Phenylpropanolamine Piperoxan Pseudoephedrine Rilmenidine Romifidine Talipexole Tetrahydrozoline Tiamenidine Tizanidine Tolonidine Urapidil XP21279 Xylazine Xylometazoline

Antagonists 1-PP Adimolol Aptazapine Atipamezole Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., asenapine, clozapine, lurasidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, zotepine) Azapirones (e.g., buspirone, tandospirone) BRL-44408 Buflomedil Cirazoline Efaroxan Esmirtazapine Fenmetozole Fluparoxan Idazoxan mCPP Mianserin Mirtazapine NAN-190 Olanzapine Pardoprunox Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine Piperoxan Piribedil Rauwolscine Rotigotine SB-269970 Setiptiline Spiroxatrine Sunepitron Tolazoline Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, loxapine, thioridazine) Yohimbine

Agonists Abediterol Alifedrine Amibegron Arbutamine Arformoterol Arotinolol BAAM Bambuterol Befunolol Bitolterol Broxaterol Buphenine Carbuterol Carmoterol Cimaterol Clenbuterol Corbadrine Denopamine Dipivefrine Dobutamine Dopamine Dopexamine Droxidopa (L-DOPS) Ephedrine Epinephrine Etafedrine Etilefrine Etilevodopa Ethylnorepinephrine Fenoterol Formoterol Hexoprenaline Higenamine Indacaterol Isoetarine Isoprenaline Isoxsuprine L-DOPA (levodopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine Levosalbutamol Mabuterol Melevodopa Methoxyphenamine Methyldopa Mirabegron Norepinephrine Orciprenaline Oxyfedrine PF-610355 Phenylpropanolamine Pirbuterol Prenalterol Ractopamine Procaterol Pseudoephedrine Reproterol Rimiterol Ritodrine Salbutamol Salmeterol Solabegron Terbutaline Tretoquinol Tulobuterol Vilanterol Xamoterol XP21279 Zilpaterol Zinterol

Antagonists Acebutolol Adaprolol Adimolol Afurolol Alprenolol Alprenoxime Amosulalol Ancarolol Arnolol Arotinolol Atenolol Befunolol Betaxolol Bevantolol Bisoprolol Bopindolol Bornaprolol Brefonalol Bucindolol Bucumolol Bufetolol Bufuralol Bunitrolol Bunolol Bupranolol Butaxamine Butidrine Butofilolol Capsinolol Carazolol Carpindolol Carteolol Carvedilol Celiprolol Cetamolol Cicloprolol Cinamolol Cloranolol Cyanopindolol Dalbraminol Dexpropranolol Diacetolol Dichloroisoprenaline Dihydroalprenolol Dilevalol Diprafenone Draquinolol Ecastolol Epanolol Ericolol Ersentilide Esatenolol Esprolol Eugenodilol Exaprolol Falintolol Flestolol Flusoxolol Hydroxycarteolol Hydroxytertatolol ICI-118,551 Idropranolol Indenolol Indopanolol Iodocyanopindolol Iprocrolol Isoxaprolol Isamoltane Labetalol Landiolol Levobetaxolol Levobunolol Levomoprolol Medroxalol Mepindolol Metipranolol Metoprolol Moprolol Nadolol Nadoxolol Nebivolol Nifenalol Nipradilol Oxprenolol Pacrinolol Pafenolol Pamatolol Pargolol Penbutolol Pindolol Practolol Primidolol Procinolol Pronethalol Propafenone Propranolol Ridazolol Ronactolol Soquinolol Sotalol Spirendolol SR 59230A Sulfinalol Talinolol Tazolol Tertatolol Tienoxolol Tilisolol Timolol Tiprenolol Tolamolol Toliprolol Xibenolol Xipranolol

See also: Dopaminergics

Melatonergics

Serotonergics

Monoamine reuptake and release modulators

Monoamine metabolism modulators

Monoamine neurotoxins

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