St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery

St.-Marks-In-The-Bowery

(2007)
Location 131 East 10th St. @ 2nd Ave.
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates 40°43′49″N 73°59′15″W / 40.73028°N 73.98750°W / 40.73028; -73.98750Coordinates: 40°43′49″N 73°59′15″W / 40.73028°N 73.98750°W / 40.73028; -73.98750
Built 1795;[1] 1799,
restored 1975-1978,
restored 1978-1984[2]
Architect Ithiel Town, et al.
Harold Edelman
Architectural style Georgian;[1] Federal body, Greek Revival steeple
NRHP Reference # 72000885
Significant dates
Added to NRHP June 19, 1972[1]
Designated NYCL April 19, 1966

St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery is located at 131 East 10th Street, at the intersection of Stuyvesant Street and Second Avenue in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. The property has been the site of continuous Christian worship for more than three and a half centuries; it is New York's oldest site of continuous religious practice, and the church is the second-oldest church building in Manhattan.[3]

History and architecture

In 1651, Petrus Stuyvesant, Governor of New Amsterdam, purchased land for a bowery or farm from the Dutch West India Company and by 1660 built a family chapel at the present day site of St. Marks Church. Stuyvesant died in 1672 and was interred in a vault under the chapel.[4][5]

The church in 1936
(HABS photo)

Stuyvesant's great-grandson, Petrus, sold the chapel property to the Episcopal Church for $1 in 1793,[3] stipulating that a new chapel be erected to serve Bowery Village, the community which had coalesced around the Stuyvesant family chapel.[6] In 1795 the cornerstone of the present day St. Mark's Church was laid, and the fieldstone Georgian style church, built by the architect and mason John McComb Jr., was completed and consecrated on May 9, 1799.[4] Alexander Hamilton provided legal aid in incorporating St. Mark's Church as the first Episcopal parish independent of Trinity Church in the United States. By 1807 the church has as many as two hundred worshipers at its summer services, with 70 during the winter.[6]

In 1828, the church steeple, the design of which is attributed to Martin Euclid Thompson and Ithiel Town, in Greek Revival style, was erected. More changes came about beginning in 1835, when John C. Tucker's stone Parish Hall was constructed,[4] and the next year (1836) the church itself was renovated, with the original square pillars being replaced with thinner ones in Egyptian Revival style. In addition, the current cast- and wrought iron fence was added in 1838; these renovations are credited to Thompson.[4][7] At around the same time, the two-story fieldstone Sunday School was completed, and the church established the Parish Infant School for poor children.

Later, in 1861, the church commissioned a brick addition to the Parish Hall, which was designed and supervised by architect James Renwick, Jr., and the St. Mark's Hospital Association was organized by members of the congregation. Outside the church, the cast iron portico, was added around 1858; its design is attributed to James Bogardus, who was an early innovator in cast iron construction.[4]

At the start of the 20th century, leading architect Ernest Flagg designed the rectory, but, overall, while the 19th century saw St Mark's Church grow through its many construction projects the 20th century was marked by community service and cultural expansion.[8] Rector William Guthrie was known to incorporate Native American, Hindu, Buddhist, and Bahá'í ceremonies and guest speakers into services[8][9] - things that made news across the country as well as troubled his leadership.[8][10][11][12] Today, the rectory houses the Neighborhood Preservation Center,[13] the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation and the Historic Districts Council,[14] as well as other preservation and community organizations.[4] In 1966, the Poetry Project and The Film Project, which later became the Millennium Film Workshop, were founded. And in 1975, the Danspace Project was founded by Larry Fagin; the Community Documentation Workshop under the direction of Arthur Tobier was established; and the Preservation Youth Project expanded to a full-time work training program and under the supervision of artisan teachers undertook the mission of the preserving St Mark's landmark exterior.[4]

On July 27, 1978, a fire nearly destroyed the church. The Citizens to Save St Mark's was founded to raise funds for its reconstruction and the Preservation Youth Project undertook the reconstruction supervised by architect Harold Edelman and craftspeople provided by preservation contractor I. Maas & Sons. The Landmark Fund emerged from the Citizens to Save St Mark's and continues to exist to help maintain and preserve St. Mark's Church for future generations. The restoration was completed in 1986, with new stained-glass windows designed by Edelman.[2]

"Inspiration" and "Aspiration" by Solon Borglum

Over the years, several Dutch dignitaries visited the church while they were in the United States. In 1952, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands visited the church and laid a wreath given by her mother, Queen Wilhelmina, at the bust of Petrus Stuyvesant, which had been given to the church by Wilhemina and the Dutch government in 1915.[4] Later, in 1981 and 1982, Princess Margriet and Queen Beatrix, both of the Netherlands visited.

The arts

St Mark's has supported an active artistic community since the 1800s.

In 1919 poet Kahlil Gibran was appointed a member of the St. Mark's Arts Committee, and the next year, the two prominent Indian statues, "Aspiration" and "Inspiration" by sculptor Solon Borglum, which flank the church entry, were unveiled. Gibran also presented readings of his famous written works,[8] some of which became annual affairs for a while,[15] as well as an exhibition of his drawings.[16] Isadora Duncan danced in the church in 1922, and Martha Graham in 1930. In 1926, poet William Carlos Williams lectured at the St. Mark's Sunday Symposium, which over the years featured such artists as Amy Lowell, Edward Steichen, Houdini, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Ruth St. Denis and Carl Sandburg.

Theatre Genesis was founded by director Ralph Cook in 1964 and, in the same year, Sam Shepard had his first two plays, Cowboys and Rock Garden produced at the church. In 1969, St. Mark's innovated a fusion of liturgy and experimental rock music, the Electric Liturgy given by the Mind Garage, which was the first work of its kind to be nationally televised.

St. Mark's hosts modern artistic endeavors, including the Poetry Project,[17] and Danspace Project,[18] which stage events throughout the year. A November 1971 Poetry Project reading by Patti Smith, accompanied by Lenny Kaye on guitar, launched their rock and roll careers and marked the founding of the Patti Smith Group.[19]

In addition, Richard Foreman's avant-garde Ontological-Hysteric Theater[20] was also housed there in its own space from 1992 until 2010.[21]

Notable burials

Both the church's East and West Yards have under them stone burial vaults, in which many prominent New Yorkers were interred. Although it no longer does full body burials, the church still does cremation burials in the church vault under the West Yard.[4]

Cover of the burial vault of Peter Stuyvesant

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 National Park Service (2008-04-15). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. 1 2 White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot (2000), AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.), New York: Three Rivers Press, ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5 p. 173
  3. 1 2 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S. (text); Postal, Matthew A. (text) (2009), Postal, Matthew A., ed., Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1, p.67
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Virtual tour on the St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery website
  5. ↑ Dunlap, David W. From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.) p. 224.
  6. 1 2 Burrows, Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike (1999), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-11634-8 p.389
  7. ↑ Burrows, Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike (1999), Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-195-11634-8 p.467
  8. 1 2 3 4 Nichols, Kimberly (April 16, 2013). "The Brothers Guthrie: Pagan Christianity of the Early 20th Century". Newtopia Magazine. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved Apr 5, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Do we need a new world religion to unite the old religions?". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. March 26, 1921. p. 7. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Rector will continue in Church fight". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. January 12, 1924. p. 6. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  11. ↑ "St. Mark's-in-the-Bouwerie's latest row is over the "Body and Soul Clinic"". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. July 24, 1932. p. 54. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  12. ↑ "St. Mark's-in-the-Bouwerie's latest row (continued)],". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. July 24, 1932. p. 55. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  13. ↑ http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org
  14. ↑ http://www.hdc.org
  15. ↑ "The Rev. Dr. William Norman Guthrie…". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. Oct 24, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.
  16. ↑ "St. Mark's-in-the-Bouwerie…". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. Nov 8, 1919. p. 16. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.
  17. ↑ http://www.poetryproject.org
  18. ↑ http://www.danspaceproject.org
  19. ↑ http://poetryproject.org/program-calendar/patti-smith-w-lenny-kaye-janet-hamill-2.html
  20. ↑ http://www.ontological.com
  21. ↑ "Ontological-Hysteric Theater leaves St. Mark's Church" Ontological-Hysteric Theater website. Accessed: 12 August 2012
  22. ↑ Berger, Meyer (30 August 1941). "That Was New York The Tombs--I". The New Yorker. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  23. 1 2 3 St. Mark’s Church In-the-Bowery, St. Mark’s Historic Landmark Fund. Accessed April 7, 2016. "Today, along with that of Peter Stuyvesant are visible on vault markers such familiar names as Beekman, Fish and Tompkins. Other notable New Yorkers buried on the site include two Mayors of New York City: Gideon Lee, Vestryman and Treasurer of St. Mark's Church and Philip Hone, known as a chronicler of the city’s social life of his time. "
  24. ↑ "St. Mark's Fights for Church Name", The New York Times (May 26, 1913)
  25. ↑ Bryk, William. "A.T. Stewart's Grave Was Robbed, His Body Snatched", New York Press, October 30, 2001, updated February 17, 2015. Accessed April 7, 2016. "Stewart's funeral was held at the Episcopalian Church of St. Mark's-in-the-Bowerie at the northwest corner of 2nd Ave. and E. 10th St. The church was jammed with mourners, representing 'the foremost men in law, literature, commerce, [and] politics,' according to the Times. The body was placed in the Stewart family vault in the churchyard."
  26. ↑ "TOMPKINS, Daniel D., (1774 - 1825)", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed April 7, 2016. "interment in the Minthorne vault in St. Mark's Churchyard, New York City."
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