Timeline of Manila

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Manila.

Prior to 20th century

• 1365 - Battle of Manila (1365), Forces of the Kingdoms of Luzon battled the Empire of Majapahit from Java in what is now Manila.
• 1571 - 24 June: Spaniards Martín de Goiti, Juan de Salcedo and Miguel López de Legazpi arrive.
• 1573 - Spanish galleon trade begins.^[1]
• 1574 - Chinese pirate Limahong tries to take Manila.^[2]
• 1579 - Catholic Diocese of Manila established.^[3]
• 1583 - Fire.^[4]
• 1584 - Real Audiencia of Manila of the Viceroyalty of New Spain established.
• 1590 - Printing press established.^[5]
• 1603 - Chinese unrest.^[6]
• 1607 - San Agustin Church consecrated.
• 1611 - University of Santo Tomas established by Catholic Dominicans.^[6][7]
• 1615 - Acapulco-Manila galleon trade begins.^[6]
• 1620 -Colegio de San Juan de Letran established by Catholic Dominicans.
• 1645 - 1645 Luzon earthquake.
• 1762 - British occupation of Manila begins.
• 1764 - British occupation of Manila ends per Treaty of Paris; Spanish in power again.^[8]
• 1823 - Population: 38,000.^[9]
• 1837 - Port opens to foreign trade.^[8]
• 1848 - Diario de Manila newspaper begins publication.
• 1852 - September: Earthquake.^[10]
• 1859
  • ^[11] Escuela Municipal de Manila, the precursor of the Ateneo de Manila University founded.
  • Ilustración Filipina magazine begins publication.
• 1863 - 3 June: Earthquake.^[4]
• 1865 - Manila Observatory founded.
• 1866 - Canal de la Reina dug in Binondo.^[12]
• 1870 - 23 March: Fire in Binondo.^[4]
• 1876 - Population: 93,595.^[8]
• 1880 - July: Earthquake.^[4]
• 1881 - Hong Kong-Manila telegraph in operation.^[13]
• 1882
  • October: Typhoon.^[10]
  • Water supply inaugurated.^[12]
• 1887 - Population: 176,777.^[8]
• 1888 - Commercial Association of Lumber established.^[14]
• 1889 - Tabacalera Flor de la Isabela cigar factory built in Paco.^[15]
• 1892 - Dagupan-Manila railway begins operating.^[13]
• 1893
  • Electrical lighting installed.^[13]
  • Fire.^[13]
• 1896 - 5 December: 1896 Manila mutiny.^[8]
• 1898
  • 25 July - 13 August: Battle of Manila (1898); United States in power.^[8]
  • The Manila Times English-language newspaper begins publication.^[16]
• 1899
  • 4–5 February: Battle of Manila (1899).^[8]
  • Calle Rizal laid out.

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1900 - Instituto de Mujeres^[17] and American Circulating Library established.^[18][19]
• 1901
  • City of Manila administrative entity created, composed of Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Santa Cruz, Santa Ana de Sapa, San Nicolas, San Miguel, San Fernando de Dilao (Paco), Sampaloc, San Andres, Santa Mesa, Tondo.
  • Capital of the Philippines relocated to Manila from Malolos.
  • Arsenio Cruz-Herrera becomes mayor.
  • National Museum of the Philippines established.
  • United States military Fort William McKinley established near city.
• 1902 - Manila Grand Opera House in use in Santa Cruz.
• 1903 - Population: 219,928 city; 330,345 metro.^[20]
• 1905
  • Manila Elks Club established.
  • Félix Roxas becomes mayor.
• 1908
  • University of the Philippines Manila founded.^[21]
  • The famous Manila Carnival is held for the first time.
• 1909 - Philippine Library established.^[18]
• 1910
  • Basketball, volleyball,^[22] and Boy Scouting are started in the Philippines at the Manila YMCA by YMCA Physical Director Elwood Stanley Brown.
  • "Great Fire in Manila", costing over two million pesos, in Binondo.^[23]
• 1912 - Manila Hotel in business.
• 1913
  • The first Far Eastern Championship Games, called "the first Oriental Olympic Games," are held at the Carnival grounds (later the site of the Rizal Memorial Sports Stadium) in Malate, 3–7 February, with participants from the US Philippine Islands, China, Japan, the British East Indies (Malaya), Thailand, and British Hong Kong.
  • Rizal Monument erected.
• 1917 - Justo Lukban becomes mayor.
• 1918 - Population: 285,306 city; 469,955 metro.^[20]
• 1919 - United States military Camp Nichols established near city.
• 1920 - Ramón Fernández becomes mayor.
• 1923 - The Peking Council, the Tokyo Council, and the Manila Council, the first Boy Scouts of America Councils in Asia, are organised. (The huge 1973 Golden Jubilee Jamboree of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines would be dated from this year.)
• 1924 - Miguel Romuáldez becomes mayor.
• 1926 - Legislative Building inaugurated in Ermita.
• 1927 - Tomás Earnshaw becomes mayor.
• 1928 - The Institute of Accountancy, which later became Far Eastern University, is founded in Sampaloc by Nicanor Reyes et al.
• 1930 - Legazpi-Urdaneta Monument erected.^[24]
• 1935
  • Metropolitan Theater built.^[25]
  • Valeriano Fugoso becomes mayor.
  • Grace Park Airfield begins operating in Caloocan.
  • City becomes capital of the newly formed Commonwealth of the Philippines.
  • The Philippine Commonwealth Army was established and the general headquarters and military camp bases are located in the capital city.
• 1939 - Population: 623,492.^[20]
• 1941
  • City of Greater Manila formed, merging city and municipal governments of Manila, Quezon City, San Juan del Monte, Caloocan, etc.
  • Jorge B. Vargas becomes mayor.
  • Dissolution of the Philippine Commonwealth Army's general headquarters and camp base in the city's capital was until the occupied by the Japanese Imperial forces.
• 1942
  • Japanese occupation begins.^[26]
  • León G. Guinto, Sr. becomes mayor.
  • The general headquarters and military camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was stationed are actively moved in the province.
• 1945
  • February: Manila massacre by Japanese forces.
  • 3 February - 3 March: Battle of Manila (1945); Japanese defeated.^[21]
  • Juan L. Nolasco becomes mayor.
  • The re-established of the general headquarters and military camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army included Philippine Constabulary was turns back are station's re-active in the city's capital after liberation.
• 1946 - City becomes part of the newly proclaimed Republic of the Philippines.^[2]
• 1947 - Republic Theatre opens.^[25]
• 1948
  • Capital of the Philippines relocated from Manila to Quezon City.^[27]
  • Manuel A. Roxas High School established in Paco.
  • Manuel de la Fuente becomes mayor.
  • Population: 983,906 city; 1,569,148 metro.^[20]
  • Manila American Cemetery and Memorial established near city.
• 1949 - 18 June: City legislative districts for House of Representatives of the Philippines expanded from two to four.

1950s-1990s

• 1952
  • Arsenio Lacson becomes mayor.
  • National Press Club headquartered in city.^[28]
• 1954 - Holy Child Catholic School active in Tondo.
• 1959 - Ramon Magsaysay High School established in España, Manila.
• 1960
  • Araneta Coliseum opens in Quezon City.
  • Population: 1,138,611 city; 2,462,288 metro.^[20]
• 1961 - Manila Airport new terminal opens.
• 1962 - Antonio Villegas becomes mayor.
• 1966 - Cultural Center of the Philippines founded.
• 1970
  • Zone One Tondo Organization established.^[29]
  • Population: 1,330,788 city; 3,966,685 metro.^[20]
• 1971 - Ramon Bagatsing becomes mayor.
  • 21 August: Plaza Miranda Bombing.
• 1973 - Some 3000 Boy Scouts camp out and conduct a massive clean-up of Intramuros, 9–11 February.
• 1975
  • 1 October: Thrilla in Manila.
  • Metropolitan Manila Commission created to administer aspects of Caloocan, Mandaluyong, Makati, Malabon, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Las Piñas, Parañaque, Pateros, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela.
  • Population: 1,479,116 city; 4,880,006 metro.^[20]
• 1976
  • Capital of the Philippines relocated to Manila from Quezon City.^[27]
  • Philippine International Convention Center built in Pasay.
  • Harrison Plaza, the first shopping mall in the Philippines, opens in Malate, Manila.
• 1979 - Sampaloc flea market officially inaugurated.^[30]
• 1980 - Population: 5,924,563 metro.^[29]
• 1981 - Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.^[31]
• 1982 - Metro Manila Commission for Squatters established.^[32]
• 1983 - 21 August: Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr. at Manila International Airport.
• 1984 - Manila Light Rail Transit System begins operating.
• 1986
  • February: People Power Revolution.^[33][34]
  • May: Mel Lopez becomes mayor.
• 1987 - First Coup Attempt
• 1989 - Second Coup Attempt
• 1987 - January: Mendiola Massacre.
• 1992 - Alfredo Lim becomes mayor.
• 1994
  • Museo Pambata opens in Ermita.
  • 20 May: Miss Universe 1994.
• 1995
  • Metropolitan Manila Development Authority established.
  • Catholic pope visits city.
• 1998 - Lito Atienza becomes mayor.

21st century

• 2000
  • 30 December: Rizal Day bombings.
  • Green Papaya Art Projects founded.^[35]
  • Population: 1,581,082 city; 9,932,560 metro.^[28]
• 2001
  • January: 2001 EDSA Revolution.
  • April–May: EDSA III protest.^[36]
• 2002 - Bus bombing.^[33]
• 2003 - Army mutiny.^[33]
• 2007
  • June: Alfredo Lim becomes mayor again.
  • November: Coup attempt.^[33]
  • Asian Network of Major Cities 21 meets in Manila.
  • Mall of Asia opens in Pasay.
  • MO_Space art gallery founded.^[35]
• 2009 - September: Typhoon.^[37]
• 2010
  • 23 August: Manila hostage crisis in Rizal Park.
  • Population: 1,652,171 city; 11,855,975 metro.^[38]
• 2012 - August: Flooding.^[39]
• 2013
  • August: Million People March.
  • Joseph Estrada becomes mayor.
• 2015 - January: Catholic pope visits city.^[40]

See also

• History of Manila
• Metro Manila
• List of mayors of Manila
• Other names of Manila
• List of historical markers in Manila
• Greater Manila Area
• Mega Manila
• Timeline of Philippine history
• List of cities by population density

References

1. Made in the Americas: the New World Discovers Asia. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 2015. ISBN 978-0-87846-812-6.
2. Schellinger 1996.
3. Catholic Encyclopedia 1910.
4. Bankoff 2012.
5. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
6. Artemio R. Guillermo (2012). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7246-2.
7. "Southeast Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
8. Britannica 1910.
9. Morse 1823.
10. Haydn 1910.
11. http://www.admu.edu.ph/history. Missing or empty |title= (help); External link in |website= (help);
12. Huetz de Lemps 2001.
13. Chambers 1901.
14. Burzynski 2002.
15. Chiba 2005.
16. "Manila (Philippines) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
17. David E. Gardinier & Josefina Z. Sevilla-Gardinier (1989). "Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and the Instituto de Mujeres of Manila". Philippine Studies. 37. JSTOR 42633130.
18. David H. Stam, ed. (2001). "Philippines". International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1579582443.
19. Nelly Young Egbert, ed. (1907). List of Books in the American Circulating Library of Manila. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
20. Stinner 1981.
21. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 666, OL 5812502M
22. The History of Volleyball in the Philippines The Volleyball Story London Olympic Media Guide Volleyball Early Development Volleyball: Striking the interest of Filipinos since 1910 The Volleyball Story Vball Trivia History of Volleyball Memorandum to Colonel Bruce Palmer Giving the Game Away
23. The Straits Times, Singapore, 18 January 1910, page 7.
24. Charles C. Mann (2011). 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26572-2.
25. "Movie Theaters in Manila, Philippines". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
26. Lenman 2004.
27. "Timelines: History of the Philippines from 30000 BC to AD 2013", World Book, USA, (subscription required (help))
28. "Philippines". Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
29. Arn 1995.
30. Illy 1986.
31. "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
32. van Naerssen 1989.
33. BBC News. "Timeline". Philippines Profile. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
34. Sumsky 1992.
35. "Philippines". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
36. Garrido 2008.
37. "Typhoon kills 32 in Vietnam; Philippine toll at 246". Reuters. 29 September 2009.
38. "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2012. United Nations Statistics Division. 2013.
39. "Rains Flood a Third of Manila Area, Displacing Thousands". New York Times. 7 August 2012.
40. Pope Manila Mass drew record crowd of 6-7 million, Reuters, 18 January 2015

Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Manilla", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• William Milburn; Thomas Thornton (1825). "Manilla". Oriental Commerce; or the East India Trader's Complete Guide. London: Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen.
• Fedor Jagor (1875). "Manilla". Travels in the Philippines. London: Chapman and Hall.
• John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Manilla", in Hugh G. Reid, A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
• "Philippines: Manila". The Chronicle & Directory for China, Corea, Japan, the Philippines, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Siam, Borneo, Malay States, &c. Hong Kong: Daily Press. 1892.
• Margherita Arlina Hamm (1898), Manila and the Philippines, London: F.T. Neely
• John Foreman (1899), "(Manila)", The Philippine Islands (2nd ed.), New York: C. Scribner's Sons
• Manila and the Philippine Islands: an up to date handbook of facts, New York: Philippines Company, 1899

Published in the 20th century

• "Manila", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• Commercial Directory of Manila, Manila, 1901
• Burton Holmes (1901), "Manila", The Burton Holmes Lectures, Battle Creek, Michigan: Little-Preston, OCLC 5082081
• C.W. Rosenstock, ed. (1904), Manila City Directory
• Historical Notes Concerning Manila. United States government. 1904.
• Kemlein & Johnson's guide and map of Manila and vicinity. 1908.
• Manila, the pearl of the Orient, Manila, Philippine Islands: Manila Merchants' Association., 1908, OCLC 5296360
• "Manila", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Philip M. Finegan (1910). "Manila". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Manilla", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• George Amos Miller (1912). Interesting Manila: Historical Narratives Concerning the Pearl of the Orient (3rd ed.). Manila: E.C. McCullough.
• Philippines. Office of Public Welfare Commissioner. (1922), Directory of charitable and social service organizations and institutions in the city of Manila (2nd ed.), Manila: Bureau of Printing
• Mauro Garcia, ed. (1971), Focus on old Manila, Manila: Philippine Historical Association
• Edilberto De Jesus. 'Manila's first factories', Philippine Historical Review, 4 (1971)
• Nicolas Zafra (1974), The colonization of the Philippines and the beginnings of the Spanish city of Manila, Manila: National Historical Commission
• William F. Stinner & Melinda Bacol-Montilla (1981). "Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Developing Areas. 16. JSTOR 4190969.
• Daniel F. Doeppers. Manila, 1900-1941: Social change in a late colonial metropolis (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1984).
• Hans F. Illy (1986). "Regulation and Evasion: Street-Vendors in Manila". Policy Sciences. 19. JSTOR 4532068.
• Ton van Naerssen (1989). "Continuity and Change in the Urban Poor Movement of Manila, the Philippines". Urban Social Movements in the Third World. Routledge. p. 199+. ISBN 1-136-85686-2.
• Ramon Ma Zaragoza (1990), Old Manila, Singapore: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195889738
• Melinda Tria Kerkvliet, Manila workers' unions, 1900-1950 (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1992).
• Victor V. Sumsky (1992). "City as Political Actor: Manila, February 1986". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 17. JSTOR 40644756.
• Jack Arn (1995). "Pathway To The Periphery: Urbanization, Creation Of A Relative Surplus Population, And Political Outcomes In Manila, Philippines". Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development. 24. JSTOR 40553284.
• Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Manila". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 565+. ISBN 9781884964046.

Published in the 21st century

• Xavier Huetz de Lemps. 'Shifts in meaning of "Manila" in the nineteenth century', in Old ties and new solidarities: Studies on Philippine communities, ed. C. J.-H. Macdonald and G. M. Pesigan (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000)
• Charles L. Choguill (2001). "Manila: City of Hope or a Planner's Nightmare?". Built Environment. 27. JSTOR 23287514.
• Xavier Huetz de Lemps (2001). "Waters in Nineteenth Century Manila". Philippine Studies. 49. JSTOR 42633496.
• Joseph Burzynski (2002). "Timber Trade and the Growth of Manila, 1864-1881". Philippine Studies. 50. JSTOR 42634459.
• Cristina Pantoja Hidalgo (2002). "Metro Manila: City in Search of a Myth". Philippine Studies. 50. JSTOR 42634469.
• "Manila", Philippines, Lonely Planet, 2003, p. 87+, OL 8906497M
• "Manila". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
• Bruce P. Lenman (2004). "Manila". In Ooi Keat Gin. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 854+. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2.
• Yoshihiro Chiba (2005). "Cigar-Makers in American Colonial Manila: Survival during Structural Depression in the 1920s". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 36. doi:10.1017/s0022463405000214. JSTOR 20072667.
• Gavin Shatkin (2007). Collective Action and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Community Organizations and the Struggle for Shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4786-7.
• Marco Garrido (2008). "Civil and Uncivil Society Symbolic Boundaries and Civic Exclusion in Metro Manila". Philippine Studies. 56. JSTOR 42633976.
• Greg Bankoff (2012). "Tale of Two Cities: the Pyro-Seismic Morphology of 19th-century Manila". In Greg Bankoff; et al. Flammable Cities: Urban Conflagration and the Making of the Modern World. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 170–189. ISBN 978-0-299-28383-4.

External links