Ziyuan (book)

The Ziyuan (Chinese: 字苑; pinyin: Zìyuàn; Wade–Giles: Tzu-yüan; literally: "Character Garden"; or "Essays on Chinese Characters") was a Chinese dictionary attributed to the Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar Ge Hong. The original text was lost, and the small modern Ziyuan recension has 34 headwords, mostly Chinese Buddhist loanword terminology.

The Ziyuan is notable for having the first occurrence of the Chinese borrowing ta (塔; tǎ; t'a; "tower; pagoda"). Feng (2004:205) classifies ta as a "monosyllabic phonemic loanword," and notes:

塔/ta/=浮屠/futu/=浮图/futu/=佛图/futu/=数斗波/shudoupo/=兜婆/doupo/：Buddhist tower: "塔,佛堂也 [The ta is Buddhist tower]" (字苑), "作九层浮图 To build the Buddhist tower with nine levels" (水经注), "塔亦胡言, 犹宗庙也. [ta comes from languages of Hu nationalities, it means tower.]" (魏书). It was borrowed from buddhastupa of Sanskrit. The process of pronunciation change is as follows: Buddhastupa stupa tupa t’ap.

References

Feng Zhiwei, "The Semantic Loanwords and Phonemic Loanwords in Chinese Language", Proceedings for 11th International Symposium, The National Institute for Japanese Language, pp. 200-229, 2004, Tokyo.

External links

The Origin of Pagodas, China Through a Lens

Dictionaries of Chinese

Monolingual dictionaries

Character dictionaries (字典 Zìdiǎn)	Shizhoupian Cangjiepian Jijiupian Fangyan Shuowen Jiezi Shiming Zilin Ganlu Zishu Longkan Shoujian Zitong Leipian Kangxi Dictionary Zhonghua Da Zidian Xinhua Zidian Hanyu Da Zidian Zhonghua Zihai

Word dictionaries (詞典 Cídiǎn)	Erya Xiao Erya Guangya Ziyuan Yupian Jingdian Shiwen Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying) Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin) Piya Zihui Zhengzitong Ciyuan Zhongguo Renming Dacidian Cihai Zhongwen Da Cidian Xiandai Hanyu Cidian Hanyu Da Cidian Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects

Rime dictionaries (韻書 Yùnshū)	Shenglei Qieyun Tangyun Yunhai jingyuan Guangyun Jiyun Yunjing Qiyin lüe Menggu Ziyun Zhongyuan Yinyun Qi Lin Bayin Peiwen Yunfu

Bilingual dictionaries

Character dictionaries (字典 Zìdiǎn)	Grammata Serica Recensa The Five Thousand Dictionary Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese

Word dictionaries (詞典 Cídiǎn)	Pearl in the Palm (Tangut) Pentaglot Dictionary (Manchu) A Dictionary of the Chinese Language Chinese and English Dictionary A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language A Chinese-English Dictionary Mathews' Chinese-English Dictionary Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (Japanese) ABC Chinese-English Dictionary Han-Han Dae Sajeon (Korean) CEDICT Adsotrans Thesaurus Linguae Sericae

List of Chinese dictionaries

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