Australian federal election, 1974

18 May 1974

All 127 seats of the Australian House of Representatives 64 seats were needed for a majority in the House All 60 seats of the Australian Senate

	First party	Second party

Leader	Gough Whitlam	Billy Snedden
Party	Labor	Liberal/Country coalition
Leader since	8 February 1967	5 December 1972
Leader's seat	Werriwa	Bruce
Last election	67 seats	58 seats
Seats won	66 seats	61 seats
Seat change	1	3
Percentage	51.70%	48.30%
Swing	1.00	1.00

Prime Minister before election

Gough Whitlam
Labor

Subsequent Prime Minister

Gough Whitlam
Labor

Federal elections were held in Australia on 18 May 1974. All 127 seats in the House of Representatives, and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam defeated the opposition Liberal Party of Australia led by Billy Snedden and Coalition partner the Country Party led by Doug Anthony.

The election was held in conjunction with four referendum questions, none of which were carried.

Results

House of Reps (IRV) — 1974–75 – Turnout 95.42% (CV) — Informal 1.92%
	Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
Australian Labor Party	3,644,110	49.30	−0.29	66	−1
Liberal Party of Australia	2,582,968	34.95	+2.91	40	+2
Country Party	736,252	9.96	+0.53	21	+1
Australia Party	172,176	2.33	−0.09	0	0
Democratic Labor Party	104,974	1.42	−3.83	0	0
Other	150,526	2.04			0
Total	7,391,006			127	+2
Australian Labor Party	WIN	51.70	−1.00	66	−1
Liberal/Country coalition		48.30	+1.00	61	+3

Popular Vote

Labor			49.30%
Liberal			34.95%
Country			9.96%
Australia			2.33%
DLP			1.42%
Other			2.04%

Two Party Preferred Vote

Labor			51.70%
Coalition			48.30%

Parliament Seats

Labor			51.97%
Coalition			48.03%

Senate (STV) — 1974–75 – Turnout 95.50% (CV) — Informal 10.77%
	Votes	%	Swing	Seats Won	Seats Held	Change
Australian Labor Party	3,127,197	47.29	+5.08	29	29	+3
Liberal/Country (Joint Ticket)	2,298,816	34.77	+15.26	16
Liberal Party of Australia	516,919	7.82	−9.80	12	23	+2
Democratic Labor Party	235,343	3.56	−7.55	0	0	-5
Australia Party	92,107	1.39	−1.51	0	0	0
Country Party¹	85,719	1.30	+0.24	1	6	+1
Liberal Movement	63,032	0.95		1	1	+1
Independents²	121,396	1.84	+0.13	1	1	-2
Other	71,856	1.09		0	0	0
Total	6,612,385			60	60

¹ The Country Party (CP) contested the elections in Western Australia as the National Alliance (NA), which was a merger of the CP and the Democratic Labor Party (DLP) in that state. The NA won a single Senate seat in WA, its elected representative being Tom Drake-Brockman, who represented the CP, on election to parliament.
² Independent: Michael Townley (Liberal Party from Feb 1975)

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1974				Swing	Post-1974
Seat	Party		Member	Margin	Swing	Margin	Member	Party
Canning, WA		National Alliance	John Hallett	N/A	26.1	14.3	Mel Bungey	Liberal
Henty, Vic		Liberal	Max Fox	0.3	1.8	1.5	Joan Child	Labor
Hume, NSW		Labor	Frank Olley	1.9	2.6	0.7	Stephen Lusher	Country
Isaacs, Vic		Liberal	David Hamer	1.1	1.7	0.6	Gareth Clayton	Labor
Lilley, Qld		Labor	Frank Doyle	0.0	1.0	1.0	Kevin Cairns	Liberal
Mitchell, NSW		Labor	Alfred Ashley-Brown	1.2	2.7	1.5	Alan Cadman	Liberal
Moore, WA		National Alliance	Don Maisey	N/A	1.4	10.5	John Hyde	Liberal
Riverina, NSW		Labor	Al Grassby	6.9	7.7	0.8	John Sullivan	Country
Wide Bay, Qld		Labor	Brendan Hansen	3.3	6.8	3.5	Clarrie Millar	Country

Background and Issues

Gough Whitlam had been an active prime minister since his party's victory in the 1972 election, and his government had pursued many socially progressive reforms and policies over its first term. However, it suffered through the 1973 oil crisis and the 1973–75 recession and received a hostile reception from the coalition/DLP-controlled Senate, with the last Senate election held in 1970.

Following an attempt by Whitlam to create an extra Senate vacancy in Queensland by appointing former Democratic Labor Party (DLP) Leader, Senator Vince Gair, as Ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, Snedden announced that the opposition would block the Government's supply bills in the Senate. After a great deal of legalistic argumentation in both houses about the Gair Affair, and justified by the failure of six (non-supply) bills to pass the Senate, Whitlam requested and was granted by Governor-General Sir Paul Hasluck a double dissolution under section 57 of the Constitution. The already-announced election date of 18 May was kept. The election focused on Whitlam's first one-and-a-half years in office and whether the Australian public was willing to continue with his reform agenda.

The re-elected Whitlam government's failure again to gain a majority in the Senate led to the 1974 joint sitting, Australia's only joint sitting, pursuant to section 57 of the Constitution. It was approved by the new governor-general Sir John Kerr after the bills were presented to the new parliament and were rejected a third time. It was held three months after the election, on 6–7 August, and it enabled the six bills that had been thrice rejected by the Senate to be passed. The Health Insurance bills were both passed on party lines, 95–92, the Petroleum and Minerals Authority legislation also passed on party lines, though with one Liberal Party member absent. Liberal Movement Senator Steele Hall supported the three Electoral bills, citing his experience as Liberal Premier of South Australia, where he had fought his own party in an effort to improve unequal electoral arrangements dubbed the Playmander. Northern Territory Country Party MP Sam Calder supported the Territory Senators legislation, though he opposed the ACT being given added representation.^[1]

Senate numbers

Election result

The Whitlam Government had been re-elected with their majority in the House of Representatives reduced from 9 to 5 seats, while they gained 5 seats in the Senate. The ALP and the coalition each won 29 seats in the 60 member Senate, with the balance of power held by Steele Hall of the Liberal Movement, and Michael Townley, a conservative independent. Despite the lowered quota, the Democratic Labor Party lost all five of its Senate seats. When the joint sitting was held between the two chambers, the ALP held 95 of the 187 seats, giving them a narrow 3-seat majority.

Subsequent changes

In February 1975, Townley joined the Liberal party.

Later in 1975, Coalition premiers would break longstanding convention in the replacement of two ALP senators. Lionel Murphy, who had resigned to take up an appointment to the High Court, was replaced by independent Cleaver Bunton; and Bertie Milliner, who had died, was replaced by Albert Field, an ALP member who was opposed to Whitlam. Bunton (along with Hall) refused to vote against supply, but Field was prepared to. Field took his seat in the Senate as an Independent on 9 September. Due to a High Court challenge to his appointment, he was on leave from the Senate, unable to exercise a vote, from 1 October 1975, which reduced the number of sitting senators to 59. This gave the Coalition an effective majority, holding 30 of the 59, allowing them to block supply in the Senate to pave the way for the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.

References

↑ http://wopared.parl.net/Library/pubs/rn/2004-05/05rn07.htm

Bibliography

AustralianPolitics.com 1974 election details
University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
AEC 2PP vote

Elections and referendums in Australia

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