Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)

Harwich
Former County constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Harwich in Essex in 2005.
Location of Essex within England.
County	Essex
before 1660–2010
Number of members	one (two before 1868)
Replaced by	Clacton, Harwich and North Essex
European Parliament constituency	East of England

Harwich was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Until its abolition for the 2010 general election it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Boundaries

Harwich in Essex, showing boundaries used from 1918 to 1945.

From 1997 to 2010 the Harwich constituency included the towns of Clacton-on-Sea, Holland-on-Sea, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze and Harwich itself. It also included the villages of Beaumont-cum-Moze, Great Holland, Great Oakley, Jaywick, Kirby Cross, Kirby-le-Soken, Little Clacton, Little Oakley, Parkeston, Ramsey and Thorpe-le-Soken.

Boundary review

Following their review of parliamentary representation in Essex, the Boundary Commission for England created a new constituency of Clacton, which is based on the current Harwich seat.

Harwich will be moved into a new constituency called Harwich and North Essex.

Members of Parliament

Constituency founded 1604

1604 to 1660

Parliament	First member	Second member
1604	Richard Browne	Thomas Trevor
1605	John Panton	Thomas Trevor
1614	Sir Harbottle Grimston	Sir Robert Mansell
1614 (Apr)	Sir Harbottle Grimston	Sir Charles Montagu
1620	Sir Thomas Cheek	Edward Grimston
1624	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1625	Sir Edmund Sawyer	Christopher Herrys
1626	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1628–1629	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1629–1640	No Parliaments convened
1640 (Apr)	Sir Thomas Cheek	Sir John Jacob, 1st Baronet
1640 (Nov)	Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet	Sir Thomas Cheek
1645	Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge	Sir Thomas Cheek
1648	Sir Thomas Cheek
1653	Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament
1654	Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament
1656	Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament
1659	John Sicklemore	Thomas King

1660–1868

Year		First member^[1]	First party	Second member^[1]	Second party
1660		Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt		Sir Henry Wright, Bt
1661		Thomas King		Sir Henry Wright, Bt
1664		Thomas King		Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt
February 1679		Sir Anthony Dean		Samuel Pepys
August 1679		Sir Philip Parker, Bt		Sir Thomas Middleton
1685		Sir Anthony Dean		Samuel Pepys
1689		Sir Thomas Middleton		John Eldred
1690				The Viscount Newhaven
1695				Sir Thomas Davall
1698		Samuel Atkinson
1699		Sir Thomas Middleton
1701		Dennis Lydell
1702		John Ellis
May 1708		Sir John Leake		Thomas Frankland
December 1708		Kenrick Edisbury		Thomas Frankland
1713		Carew Hervey Mildmay		Sir Thomas Davall
May 1714				Thomas Heath
June 1714				Benedict Calvert
1715		Sir Philip Parker-a-Morley-Long, Bt		Thomas Heath
1722				Humphrey Parsons
1727				The Viscount Perceval
1734		Carteret Leathes		Charles Stanhope
1741		John Phillipson		Hill Mussenden
1747				Viscount Coke
1753				Wenman Coke
1756		Viscount Duncannon
1758		Thomas Sewell
1761		Charles Townshend		John Roberts
1767		Thomas Bradshaw
1768		Edward Harvey
1772				Charles Jenkinson
1774				John Robinson
1778		George North
1784		Thomas Orde	Tory
1796		Richard Hopkins
1799		Henry Dillon-Lee
1802		Thomas Myers
January 1803		Thomas Myers		John Hiley Addington	Tory
April 1803		James Adams
1806		William Henry Fremantle
March 1807		James Adams
May 1807		William Huskisson	Tory
1812		Nicholas Vansittart
1818		Nicholas Vansittart		Charles Bathurst
1823		George Canning	Tory	John Charles Herries	Tory
1826		Nicholas Conyngham Tindal	Tory
1827		Sir William Rae, Bt
1830		George Robert Dawson
1832		Christopher Thomas Tower
1835		Francis Robert Bonham
1837		Alexander Ellice
1841		John Attwood		William Beresford	Conservative
1847		John Attwood		John Bagshaw
1848 by-election		Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Bt	Whig
March 1851 by-election		Henry Thoby Prinsep
May 1851 by-election		Robert Wigram Crawford
April 1852 by-election		Sir Fitzroy Kelly	Conservative
May 1852 by-election		Isaac Butt	Conservative
July 1852		George Montagu Warren Sandford	Conservative	David Waddington
1853 by-election		John Bagshaw		David Waddington
March 1857				George Drought Warburton
December 1857 by-election				Robert John Bagshaw
March 1859 by-election		Henry Jervis-White-Jervis		Robert John Bagshaw
May 1859				Hon. William Campbell
1860 by-election				Richard Thomas Rowley
1865				John Kelk
1868	Constituency reduced to one member

1868–2010

Election		Member^[1]	Party
1868		Representation reduced to one member
	1868	Henry Jervis-White-Jervis	Conservative
	1880	Henry Whatley Tyler	Conservative
	1885	James Round	Conservative
	1906	Arthur Levy Lever	Liberal
	1910	Harry Newton	Conservative
	1922	Albert Ernest Hillary	Liberal
	1924	Sir Frederick Gill Rice	Conservative
	1929	Sir John Pybus	Liberal
	1931	Sir John Pybus	Liberal National
	1935	Sir Stanley Holmes	Liberal National
	1954 by-election	Julian Ridsdale	National Liberal
	1968	Julian Ridsdale	Conservative
	1992	Iain Sproat	Conservative
	1997	Ivan Henderson	Labour
	2005	Douglas Carswell	Conservative
	2010	Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex

Elections

Elections in the 1900s

Arthur Lever

General Election 1906 Harwich^[2]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Arthur Levy Lever	5,650	51.6	n/a
	Conservative	Harry Kottingham Newton	5,308	48.4	n/a
Majority			342	3.2	n/a
Turnout			10,958	83.4	n/a
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	n/a

Elections in the 1910s

General Election January 1910: Harwich ^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Harry Kottingham Newton	6,757
	Liberal	Arthur Levy Lever	5,608
Majority
Turnout
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing

General Election December 1910: Harwich ^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Harry Kottingham Newton	6,470
	Liberal	Frank Stapledon Hiley	5,008
Majority
Turnout
	Conservative hold		Swing

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Unionist: Harry Kottingham Newton
Liberal: Edward Aylmer Digby

General Election 1918: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Unionist	Maj. Harry Kottingham Newton	8,261	53.9
	Liberal	Com. Edward Aylmer Digby	7,064	46.1
Majority			1,197	7.8
Turnout				55.9
	Unionist hold		Swing

endorsed by the Coalition Government.

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1922: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Albert Ernest Hillary	10,556	51.9	+5.8
	Unionist	Geoffrey St John Strutt	9,792	48.1	-5.8
Majority			764	3.8	11.6
Turnout				71.6	+15.7
	Liberal gain from Unionist		Swing	+5.8

General Election 1923: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Albert Ernest Hillary	12,059	54.3	+2.4
	Unionist	Sir Frederick Gill Rice	10,142	45.7	-2.4
Majority			1,917	8.6	+4.8
Turnout				76.2	+4.6
	Liberal hold		Swing	+2.4

General Election 1924: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Unionist	Sir Frederick Gill Rice	12,219	51.5	+5.8
	Liberal	Albert Ernest Hillary	9,904	41.7	-12.6
	Labour	Alfred Barton	1,604	6.8	n/a
Majority			2,315	9.8	18.4
Turnout				79.0	+2.8
	Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	+9.2

General Election 1929: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Percy John Pybus	16,309	52.8	+11.1
	Unionist	John Dixon Mayhew	13,609	44.1	-7.4
	Independent Unionist	J Elliott	946	3.1	n/a
Majority			2,700	8.7	18.5
Turnout				76.3	-2.7
	Liberal gain from Unionist		Swing	+9.5

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1931: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal National	Percy John Pybus	26,818	86.4	+33.6
	Labour	E L McKeag	4,229	13.6	n/a
Majority			22,589	72.8	+64.1
Turnout			31,047	72.6	-3.7
	Liberal National hold		Swing	n/a

General Election 1935: Harwich^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal National	Joseph Stanley Holmes	21,716	70.3	-16.1
	Labour	Ambrose Erie Applebe	9,170	29.7	+16.1
Majority			12,546	40.6	-32.2
Turnout			30,886	63.9	-8.7
	Liberal National hold		Swing	-16.1

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1939/40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

Liberal National: Stanley Holmes
Labour: Ald. Joseph Hewitt^[6]

General Election 1945^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal National	Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes	16,452	55.7	-14.6
	Labour	Ald. Joseph Hewitt	13,067	44.3	+14.6
Majority			3,385	11.5	-29.2
Turnout				68.8	+4.8
	Liberal National hold		Swing	-14.6

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1950: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes	22,814	50.6
	Labour	Morris Janis	16,756	37.1
	Liberal	Leonard Train	5,536	12.3
Majority			6,058	13.4
Turnout				81.9
	National Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1951: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes	26,169	58.9
	Labour	Morris Janis	18,244	41.1
Majority			7,925	17.8
Turnout				78.8
	National Liberal hold		Swing

Harwich by-election, 1954^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Julian Errington Ridsdale	19,532	59.1
	Labour	Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Catlin	13,535	40.9
Majority			5,997	18.1
Turnout			33,067
	National Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1955: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Julian Errington Ridsdale	23,889	56.4
	Labour	Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Catlin	14,425	34.1
	Liberal	Wolf Isaac Akst	4,010	9.5
Majority			9,464	22.4
Turnout			42,234	75.6
	National Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1959: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Julian Errington Ridsdale	23,653	53.2
	Labour	William Oscar James Robinson	11,588	26.0
	Liberal	Thomas E Dale	5,507	12.4
	Independent	Leonard F Rose	3,744	8.4
Majority			12,065	27.1
Turnout			44,492	76.4
	National Liberal hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1964: Harwich^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	National Liberal	Julian Errington Ridsdale	25,102	50.4
	Labour	David Julian Winnick	14,877	29.9
	Liberal	Thomas E Dale	9,824	19.7
Majority			10,225	20.5
Turnout			49,803	75.1
	National Liberal hold		Swing

General Election 1966: Harwich^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National Liberal	Julian Errington Ridsdale	24,975	47.6	-2.8
	Labour	Stephen R Hatch	18,335	34.9	+5.0
	Liberal	Thomas E Dale	9,219	17.6	-2.1
Majority			6,640	12.6	-7.9
Turnout			52,529	74.4	-0.7
	National Liberal hold		Swing	-3.9

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1970: Harwich^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Julian Errington Ridsdale	32,754	53.5
	Labour	Andrew Wyndham Phillips	19,923	32.6	-2.3
	Liberal	Thomas E Dale	8,519	13.9	-3.7
Majority			12,831	21.0	+8.4
Turnout			61,196	74.5	+0.1
	Conservative hold		Swing	+4.0

General Election February 1974: Harwich^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Julian Errington Ridsdale	32,452	45.6	-7.9
	Liberal	D Cadman	19,989	28.1	+14.2
	Labour	JB Fryer	18,697	26.3	-6.3
Majority			12,463	17.5	-3.5
Turnout			71,138	80.7	+6.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	-11.1

General Election October 1974: Harwich^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Julian Errington Ridsdale	29,963	46.7	+1.1
	Labour	JB Fryer	19,135	29.8	+3.5
	Liberal	Thomas Oslaf Kellock	15,048	23.5	-4.6
Majority			10,828	16.9	-0.6
Turnout			64,146	72.3	-8.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	-1.2

General Election 1979: Harwich^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Julian Errington Ridsdale	37,685	54.3	+7.6
	Labour	CW Brooks	16,998	24.5	-5.3
	Liberal	R.M. Goodenough	14,094	20.3	-3.2
	National Front	A Pearson	597	0.9	N/A
Majority			20,687	29.8	+12.9
Turnout			69,374	74.7	+2.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	+6.5

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1983: Harwich^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Sir Julian Errington Ridsdale	27,422	54.1	−0.2
	Liberal	R.M. Goodenough	14,920	29.5	+9.2
	Labour	Ralph Knight	8,302	16.4	−8.1
Majority			12,502	24.6	−5.2
Turnout			50,644	70.2	−4.5
	Conservative hold		Swing	−4.7

General Election 1987: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Sir Julian Errington Ridsdale	29,344	51.8	−2.8
	Liberal	Elizabeth Lynne	17,262	30.4	+0.9
	Labour	Ralph Knight	9,920	17.5	+1.1
	Independent	Christopher Alan Humphrey	161	0.3	N/A
Majority			12,082	21.4	−3.2
Turnout			56,687	73.5	+3.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	−1.9

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1992: Harwich^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Iain Sproat	32,369	51.9	+0.1
	Liberal Democrat	Mrs Pauline A. Bevan	15,210	24.4	−6.1
	Labour	Ralph Knight	14,511	23.3	+5.8
	Natural Law	Mrs Eileen P. McGrath	279	0.4	N/A
Majority			17,159	27.5	+6.2
Turnout			62,369	77.7	+4.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	+3.1

General Election 1997: Harwich ^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ivan Henderson	20,740	38.8	+14.1
	Conservative	Iain Sproat	19,524	36.5	−15.2
	Liberal Democrat	Ann M. Elvin	7,037	13.1	-10.0
	Referendum	Jeffrey Titford	4,923	9.2	N/A
	Independent	Ralph Knight	1,290	2.4	N/A
Majority			1,216	2.3
Turnout			53,514	70.5	−3.3
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	−14.7

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2001: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ivan Henderson	21,951	45.6	+6.9
	Conservative	Iain Sproat	19,355	40.2	+3.7
	Liberal Democrat	Peter Wilcock	4,099	8.5	−4.6
	UKIP	Tony Finnegan-Butler	2,463	5.1	N/A
	Independent	Clive Lawrance	247	0.5	N/A
Majority			2,596	5.4	+3.1
Turnout			48,115	62.1	−8.4
	Labour hold		Swing	+5.3

General Election 2005: Harwich
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Conservative	Douglas Carswell	21,235	42.1	+1.9
	Labour	Ivan Henderson	20,315	40.3	−5.3
	Liberal Democrat	Keith Tully	5,913	11.7	+3.2
	UKIP	Jeffrey Titford	2,314	4.6	−0.5
	Respect	John Tipple	477	0.9	N/A
	Independent	Christopher Humphrey	154	0.3	N/A
Majority			920	1.8
Turnout			50,408	62.6	+0.5
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	−3.6

References

Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

Notes and references

1 2 3 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 1)
↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig, F. W. S.
↑ Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
↑ http://www.by-elections.co.uk/54.html
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge64/i10.htm
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge66/i10.htm
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge70/i10.htm
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74a/i10.htm
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74b/i10.htm
↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/i10.htm
↑ http://www.election.demon.co.uk/1983EC.html
↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
↑ http://www.election.demon.co.uk/1997EC.html

Constituencies in the East of England (58)

Conservative (52)	Basildon and Billericay Bedford Braintree Brentwood and Ongar Broadland Broxbourne Bury St Edmunds Castle Point Central Suffolk and North Ipswich Chelmsford Colchester Epping Forest Great Yarmouth Harlow Harwich and North Essex Hemel Hempstead Hertford and Stortford Hertsmere Hitchin and Harpenden Huntingdon Ipswich Maldon Mid Bedfordshire Mid Norfolk North East Bedfordshire North East Cambridgeshire North East Hertfordshire North West Cambridgeshire North West Norfolk Norwich North Peterborough Rayleigh and Wickford Rochford and Southend East Saffron Walden St Albans South Basildon and East Thurrock South Cambridgeshire South East Cambridgeshire Southend West South Norfolk South Suffolk South West Bedfordshire South West Hertfordshire South West Norfolk Stevenage Suffolk Coastal Thurrock Watford Waveney Welwyn Hatfield West Suffolk Witham

Labour (4)	Cambridge Luton North Luton South Norwich South

Liberal Democrats (1)	North Norfolk

UK Independence Party (1)	Clacton

East of England European constituency: Conservative (3) Labour (1) UKIP (3)

Coordinates: 51°52′N 1°14′E / 51.86°N 1.24°E / 51.86; 1.24

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