International Trade Centre

International Trade Centre
International Trade Centre
Abbreviation ITC
CCI
Formation 1964
Type Subsidiary organization
Legal status Active
Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland
Head
 Arancha Gonzalez
Parent organization
 World Trade Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Website http://www.intracen.org/

The International Trade Centre (ITC) (French: Centre du commerce international (CCI)) is a subsidiary organization of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and provides trade-related technical assistance. Whereas the WTO mainly deals with the rules of international trade and UNCTAD with research and advocacy, ITC's mandate is far more narrow as it is solely concerned with helping (so-called) developing and transition economies to promote their exports. The pure focus on technical assistance is rare within the UN system as most other organizations that provide technical assistance usually engage in multiple areas and kinds of assistance.

ITC has its headquarters in Geneva and one field office in Mexico City.

History

ITC is the successor of the International Trade Information Centre, which the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in 1964 “for the purpose of assisting the export promotion efforts of the developing countries” by providing them “with information on export markets and marketing, and to help them develop their export promotion services and train the personnel needed for these services.”[1] In an effort to streamline the United Nation's export promotion efforts, an agreement was reached between the GATT, which at that time and in contrast to its successor, the WTO, was part of the United Nations system, and the newly established UNCTAD, to merge the activities of the two organizations by creating a joint subsidiary. The agreement was reached in 1967 and the International Trade Centre (the explicit reference to "information" was dropped) was officially established on 1 January 1968.[2]

Technical assistance offering

ITC's service offering is nowhere described in a systematical way. Thus, the following description necessarily contains inaccuracies. ITC offers numerous different services to its beneficiaries. In doing so it differentiates between three groups of target beneficiaries: Policymakers[3] trade-support institutions,[4] and enterprises. Some services are specifically designed for one of these groups while others have a universal character. In principle, there is no predefined list of services that ITC is limited to: Services are being developed depending on requests of beneficiary countries or donors.

Since the latest major restructuring between 2006-2009, ITC itself categorizes its services in five thematic clusters called "business lines": Export Strategies, Business and Trade Policy, Trade Support Institution Strengthening, Exporter Competitiveness, and Trade Intelligence.[5]

In addition to falling into one of these business lines, each of ITC's services can be categorized according to the way it is being provided, i.e., as a publication, trade intelligence database,[6] capacity building (i.e., training),[7] or advisory service.[8]

For illustration purposes, capacity building in the area of exporter competitiveness could represent a training to enterprises about how to overcome technical barriers to trade and a database in the area of trade intelligence could represent an online database for international trade in goods and services.[6]

Global Public Goods

Thanks to the support from donors to ITC Trust Fund and the European Commission (EC), ITC created a suite of market analysis tools including Trade Map, Market Access Map and Standards Map to help users investigate the trade related information of over 220 countries and territories. Since 1 January 2008, the market analysis tools suite became a Global Public Goods and all users from least developed and developing countries and territories have been able to access the tools free of charge.

Trade Map

An interactive online database on international trade statistics. It presents indicators on export performance, international demand, alternative markets and the role of competitors from both the product and country perspective. Trade Map is considered one of the world's biggest trade databases as it covers trade flows (mirror and direct) of over 220 countries and territories and 5,300 products defined at the 2, 4 or 6-digit level of the Harmonized System. Users can choose to see the data either with pre-calculated trade indicators (e.g. growth, market shares, average unit values, etc.) or in times-series (e.g. monthly, quarterly and yearly) from 2001 onward.

In 2012, Trade Map, in collaboration with Kompass,[9] included "company contact information" module to help companies identify trading partners in 64 countries.

Trade Map sources[10] yearly data from UN COMTRADE and collect monthly data directly from national statistics bureaus or customs authorities.

Market Access Map

An analytical web application the serves the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) efforts (Goal 8: Market Access Indicators by ITC, UNCTAD and WTO[11]) the aim of enhancing market access transparency and facilitating the analysis of trade policy issues.

Market Access Map, also known as "MAcMap" presents a comprehensive information on the different types of barriers that affect international trade such as applied customs tariffs (e.g. Most Favored Nations tariffs, preferences granted under trade agreements), ad valorem equivalents, tariff rate quotas, trade remedies, rules of origin, certificate of origin, bound tariffs of WTO members and Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs).

Market Access Map is used by both economic operators to find information on market requirements and trade policymakers to prepare for trade negotiations.[12]

By 2015, Market Access Map includes MFN and preferential tariffs of over 190 countries as well as Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) data for approximately 70 countries. It recently became available in French and Spanish in response to growing number of active users from Latin America and Africa.

Executive Directors

ITC had since its creation in 1964 six Executive Directors. Twice in its history the position was vacant: in the early Seventies and the early Nineties.[13]

ITC's Executive Director is a senior international civil servant of the United Nations with the level of Assistant Secretary-General.[14] ITC's Executive Director as well as the Deputy-Executive Director are appointed by the heads of its two parent organizations: the Director-General of the WTO and the Secretary-General of the UNCTAD.[15]

Name Start of tenure End of tenure Nationality
Herbert L. Jacobson 1964 1971 USA
vacant 1971 1975 -
Victor E. Santiapillai 1975 1979 Sri Lanka
Padinjarethalakal Cherian Alexander 1979 1981 India
Goran Engblom 1981 1992 Sweden
vacant 1992 1994 -
J. Denis Bélisle 1994 2006 Canada
Patricia Francis 2006 2013 Jamaica
Arancha Gonzalez 2013 Spain

See also

References

  1. ↑ GATT (1967), “Joint GATT/UNCTAD Trade Centre: Note by the Director-General”, L/2890 (6 Nov 1967), page 7
  2. ↑ See General Assembly Resolution 2297, document symbol A/RES/2297(XXII).
  3. ↑ Policymakers denotes representatives of high-level government authorities. The large majority of policymakers that ITC deals with are from Ministries of Trade or Economy.
  4. ↑ "Trade support institution" is an umbrella term for all kinds of public and private formal institutions that reduce transaction costs in trade. A formidable example are trade promotion organizations such as the International Trade Administration in the USA, which have as objective to develop and promote exports from their home country or region. Other trade support institutions include, for example, Chambers of Commerce and Industry or customs authorities.
  5. ↑ See ITC's own presentation of its business lines and their connection with ITC's different beneficiary groups: http://www.intracen.org/about/itc-structure/.
  6. 1 2 See for example ITC's Market analysis Tools http://www.intracen.org/marketanalysis.
  7. ↑ See for example ITC's self guided training platform in market analysis http://www.itc-learning.org
  8. ↑ Stephen Browne and Sam Laird 2011, "The International Trade Centre: Export Impact for Good", Routledge.
  9. ↑ Delachenal, Christian (31 August 2012). "Company contacts now in Trade Map". International Trade Centre. Market Analysis and Research section.
  10. ↑ "Trade Map: Data Source". Trade Map. International Trade Centre.
  11. ↑ "The Millennium Development Goals". Goal 8: Market Access Indicators. ITC, WTO and UNCTAD.
  12. ↑ "Trade and Market Access data for policy-makers" (PDF). WTO, UN, ITC and World Bank. January 2010.
  13. ↑ For short bios of each of the six Executive Directors, please see Stephen Browne and Sam Laird 2011, "The International Trade Centre: Export Impact for Good", Routledge, pages 31-32.
  14. ↑ For an overview of all positions paid out of ITC's regular budget, please see the biennial budgeting and planning documents of the UN General Assembly. For example: General Assembly 2009, Proposed programme budget for the biennium 2010-2011 Part IV International cooperation for development Section 13 International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, Document symbol A/64/6 (Sect. 13)/Add.1. The UN's Official Document System (http://documents.un.org/) provides a convenient search tool for such documents.
  15. ↑ http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm
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