Jiangmen

Jiangmen
江门市
Prefecture-level city

Clockwise from top right: Renshou Lu, Gudou Hotspring Resort, Xinhui Confucian Temple, Zhangdi Lu, & Jingtang Library

Location of Jiangmen in Guangdong
Jiangmen

Location in China

Coordinates: 22°34′N 113°04′E / 22.567°N 113.067°E / 22.567; 113.067Coordinates: 22°34′N 113°04′E / 22.567°N 113.067°E / 22.567; 113.067
Country People's Republic of China
Province Guangdong
City Seat Pengjiang District
Area
 • Prefecture-level city 9,443 km2 (3,646 sq mi)
 • Urban 1,692 km2 (653 sq mi)
 • Metro 17,573 km2 (6,785 sq mi)
Elevation 10 m (30 ft)
Population (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city 4,448,871
 • Density 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
 • Urban 1,822,640
 • Urban density 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
 • Metro 44,449,738
 • Metro density 2,500/km2 (6,600/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Postal code 529000
Area code(s) 750
License plate prefixes 粤J
Website http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/ (Chinese)
Jiangmen

"Jiangmen" in Chinese calligraphy
Simplified Chinese 江门
Traditional Chinese 江門
Postal Kongmoon
Literal meaning River Gate

Jiangmen, formerly romanized as Kongmoon, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province in southern China. Its 3 urban districts are now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation and the entire prefecture had a population of about 4.45 million in 2010.

Names

Jiangmen is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese name 江門 or 江门, based on its pronunciation in the Mandarin dialect. Its former Wade-Giles spelling was Chiang-men. The Postal Map spelling "Kongmoon" was based upon the same name's Cantonese pronunciation Gong¹-mun⁴. Other forms of the name include Kong Moon, Kongmun,[1] and Kiangmoon. The name is often the butt of local jokes, since both Jiangmen and 肛門 or 肛门 (gāngmén, "anus") are pronounced identically in Cantonese.[2] This has led to proposals to change the name of the city, such as a 2009 campaign to rename it Qiáodū (t 僑都, s 侨都), "Capital of the Overseas Chinese", in honor of the region's contributions to the Chinese diaspora.[3]

Jiangmen is also known as Pengjiang. Its hinterland is known to the Chinese diaspora as the "Four Counties" (q.v.), although the addition of Heshan to Jiangmen has prompted the remaining locals to begin calling it the "Five Counties" instead.

History

Historically, Jiangmen Town was a community under the administration of nearby Xinhui County. Jiangmen, however, was forced to open to western trade in 1902. A legacy of this period is a historic waterfront district lined with western-style buildings. The city has an ongoing renewal project which is restoring many of these buildings. Jiangmen was proclaimed a city in 1951 and later became the prefectural seat for the "Four County" region including Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping. (In Mainland China but not abroad, the area became known as the "Five Counties" when Heshan was added to Jiangmen's jurisdiction.)

In 2011, the city banned pet dogs in public after rabies killed 42 people over the preceding 3 years.[4] The city reserved a 13-acre site to allow rural Chinese to adopt the 30,000 dogs,[4][5] but public outcry led to a softer implementation where violators would be told to leave rather than have the dog confiscated.[6]

Geography

The city is located on the lower reaches of the Xijiang or West River, in the west of the Pearl River Delta in the middle of southern Guangdong Province. It faces the South China Sea in the south and is 100 kilometres (62 mi) away from Guangzhou and Zhuhai by highway. Jiangmen city has an area of 9,260 square kilometres (3,580 sq mi), about one quarter the size of the Pearl River Delta.

The climate is subtropical with monsoonal influences. The annual average temperature is 21.8 °C (71.2 °F).

Economy

Zhonghua Restaurant, a renovated building along Changdi Middle road in the waterfront district.

Jiangmen was selected by the Chinese state as a pilot city for a nationwide information programme. It was also chosen by the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) as a trial city for the Regional Integration for Sustainable Economics (RISE) project. According to the "Report on Investment Environment in China 2003" by the World Bank, Jiangmen ranked the fourth after Shanghai, Hangzhou and Dalian of 23 cities under evaluation in China. Among various indicators, Jiangmen excelled in infrastructure, labour redundancy, proportion of joint ventures in all firms, informal payments to government, taxation, productivity and the investment rate.

The economic development strategies within Jiangmen focus on the three urban districts, and the south, middle and north lines. It is planned to develop four main economic areas: the central urban district of the city, the Yinzhou Lake (銀州湖) economic area, and two economic areas along the various transport axes.

Manufacturing industries

Similar to other cities in the western Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing sector plays a significant role in Jiangmen's economy. The chief industries include manufacturing of motorcycles, household appliances, electronics, paper, food processing, synthetic fibers and garments, as well as textiles and stainless steel products. Some worldwide brand names have factories in Jiangmen such as Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings, ABB Group and Lee Kum Kee foods.

Uranium processing plant

The city was the proposed site of a $6.5 billion, 40 billion renminbi, uranium processing plant which would have supplied about half of the enriched uranium needed by China's nuclear power plants. Announcement of the plant in July 2013 was met by public protests.[7] The proposal was withdrawn out of "respect for public opinion" shortly thereafter.[8]

Jiangmen port

Jiangmen Port is the second largest river port in Guangdong province. The local government plans to develop a harbour industrial zone with heavy industries to include petrochemical and machinery plants, as well as an ocean-based economy.

Administration

Administrative divisions of Jiangmen
Division code[9] English name Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[10] Population 2010[11] Seat Postal code Divisions[12]
Subdistricts Towns Residential communities Administrative villages
440700 Jiangmen City 江门市 Jiāngmén Shì 9505.42 4,450,703 Pengjiang District 529000 15 61 264 1051
440703 Pengjiang District 蓬江区 Péngjiāng Qū 321.97 719,146 Huanshi Subdistrict 529000 6 3 84 56
440704 Jianghai District 江海区 Jiānghǎi Qū 109.16 254,313 Jiangnan Subdistrict 529000 3 0 23 36
440705 Xinhui District 新会区 Xīnhuì Qū 1354.72 849,155 Huicheng Subdistrict 529100 1 10 31 193
440781 Taishan City 台山市 Táishān Shì 3286.30 941,095 Taicheng Subdistrict 529200 1 16 36 277
440783 Kaiping City 开平市 Kāipíng Shì 1656.94 699,242 Changsha Subdistrict 529300 2 13 41 226
440784 Heshan City 鹤山市 Hèshān Shì 1082.73 494,938 Shaping Subdistrict 529700 1 9 26 112
440785 Enping City 恩平市 Ēnpíng Shì 1693.60 492,814 Encheng Subdistrict 529400 1 10 23 151

Transport

Jiangmen has a mature network of inter-city highway (between Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Yangjiang etc.). It sits astride a key route between Guangzhou and the southwest region of its home province, and also Guangxi Province.

A network of intra-city roadways has been built since the late 1990s to facilitate industrial integration within the city.

Local bus

Railways came to Jiangmen fairly recently. The city is served by the Xinhui branch of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Mass Rapid Transit (opened 2011), which provides frequent service to Guangzhou South Railway Station, where connections to the nation's high-speed railway network are available. Since the late 2012, Jiangmen is also served by the freight-only Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway.

Making use of the Jiangmen Port facilities, Chu Kong Passenger Transport (CKS) connects Jiangmen with high speed ferry services to Hong Kong (95 nautical miles) taking about 2.5 hours each way.

Education

Wuyi University is the main university in Jiangmen.

The only international school in Jiangmen is Boren Sino-Canadian School, while bilingual schools include WuYi Country Garden Bilingual School and China-Hong Kong English School.

Jiangmen Polytechnic College, located at Chaolian Island, enrolls about 13,000 students in various technical and humanities programs.

Jiangmen No. 1 Middle School is claimed to be the top middle school in the district. It used to be one of the best middle schools in Guangdong Province in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the quality of its education has been dropping in recent years and within the district of Jiangmen, its status is being constantly challenged by schools such as Xinhui No. 1 Middle School in Xinhui, Kaiqiao (Kaiping Emigrant) Middle School in Kiaping and Heshan No.1 Middle School in Heshan.

Culture

Jiangmen is the homeland of 3.68 million overseas Chinese, who live in 107 countries and regions throughout the world. Strong oversea connections are especially found in the villages.

Tourism

Gudou Hotspring Resort ---Tang palace (唐宫)

A significant amount of historical heritage survives from the period of mass emigration prior to World War II. The most significant are the fortified multi-story towers found mainly in Kaiping. These are known as "Gold Mountain Towers" or diaolou. Number of natural Hotspring resorts has been developed successfully by using its wealthy natural heated ground water resources such as Gudou Hotspring Resort (古兜温泉). Guifeng Mountain is a well-known mountain visited by many tourists, it is the peak of Jiangmen with an elevation of 545 meters above sea level.

The local government's economic development strategies emphasize the development of tourism and protection of the environment.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ball, J. Dyer. (1900). "The Shun Tak Dialect" (PDF). The China Review, or notes & queries on the Far East. 25 (2): 57–68.
  2. ↑ "彈指春秋：別讓江門死於肛門", Oriental Daily News, 29 August 2010, retrieved 3 November 2011
  3. ↑ ""江门"与"肛门"相距甚远", Guangzhou Net, 5 November 2009, retrieved 3 November 2011
  4. 1 2 "Chinese city bans dogs". The Telegraph. 4 August 2011.
  5. ↑ Branigan, Tania. (2011). "Cull of 30,000 pet dogs ordered after deadly rabies outbreak in Chinese city". The Guardian.
  6. ↑ "Jiangmen ditches ban on pet dogs". South China Morning Post. 2011.
  7. ↑ Andrew Jacobs (12 July 2013). "Rare Protest in China Against Uranium Plant Draws Hundreds". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  8. ↑ Gerry Mullany (13 July 2013). "After Rare Protest, China Cancels Plans for Uranium Plant". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  9. ↑ "中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码". 中华人民共和国民政部.
  10. ↑ 广东省统计局、国家统计局广东调查总队 (2014.09). 《广东统计年鉴2014》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7174-3. Check date values in: |date= (help)数字为第二次全国土地调查数据
  11. ↑ shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  12. ↑ 中华人民共和国民政部 (2014.08). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9. Check date values in: |date= (help)
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