U.S. Route 81 in Oklahoma

U.S. Route 81
Chisholm Trail Historic Route
US-81 highlighted in red on a road map of Oklahoma
Route information
Maintained by ODOT
Length:	229.28 mi[1] (368.99 km)
Existed:	December 7, 1926[2] – present
Major junctions
South end:	US 81 south of Terral
	I‑44 / H.E. Bailey Turnpike in Chickasha I‑40 in El Reno
North end:	US-81 south of Caldwell, Kan.
Highway system
United States Numbered Highway System List Bannered Divided Replaced Oklahoma State Highways Interstate U.S. Turnpikes ← SH-80 SH-82 →

U.S. Route 81 (abbreviated US-81) is a north–south U.S. highway running through the central United States' Great Plains region, from Fort Worth, Texas to the U.S.–Canadian border at Pembina, North Dakota. A 229.28 miles (368.99 km) segment of the highway lies within the state of Oklahoma. US-81 crosses the Red River from Texas south of Terral, passing through several Oklahoma cities, such as Chickasha, El Reno, Kingfisher, and Enid, before entering Kansas north of Renfrow.

The route of US-81 was originally served by the Chisholm Trail, which was used to drive cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kansas. US-81 was established as a primary route of the U.S. highway system at the time of the system's original designation. US-81 was established through Oklahoma on December 7, 1926.

Route description

US-81 enters the state of Oklahoma from Montague County, Texas by crossing a bridge across the Red River into Jefferson County. Just north of the river, the highway passes through Terral, its first Oklahoma town. The route takes a due north course north of Terral, with a Union Pacific rail line, which US-81 will parallel throughout its time in Oklahoma, lying just to the west of the highway, and the Red River running to the west of that.^[3] US-81 has its first highway junction in Oklahoma in Ryan, where it serves as the western terminus of State Highway 32 (SH-32). North of Ryan, the highway begins paralleling Beaver Creek, a tributary of the Red River, and bypasses Sugden to the east. US-81 intersects US-70 on the southeastern outskirts of Waurika, the county seat of Jefferson County. As US-81 passes north of the town, it begins roughly following the course of Cow Creek, which spills into Beaver Creek in Waurika. The highway curves northeast to bisect Addington before returning to a due north course as it enters Stephens County.^[4]

From the Jefferson–Stephens county line, US-81 takes a due north course to Comanche, where it meets SH-53. Upon leaving Comanche, US-81 curves northwest before resuming its course to the north, passing through the gap between Sunray and Empire City. The highway then enters Duncan, the Stephens County seat, where US-81 passes through town on 16th Street. US-81's intersection with Thirteenth Street is the southern terminus of SH-81A, a loop route serving downtown Duncan. Further north, an interchange offers travelers an opportunity to join the Duncan Bypass, which parallels US-81 to the west. At this same interchange, eastbound SH-7 toward Davis can be accessed, while westbound SH-7 forms a concurrency with US-81, proceeding north on 16th Street. At the two highways' intersection with Main Street, they serve as the western terminus of SH-81A.^[5] US-81/SH-7 continue north through Duncan to the city's northern limit, where SH-7 splits away to the west, bound for Lawton. US-81 continues north, entering Marlow. In Marlow, the route serves as the western terminus of SH-29. US-81 then continues north out of Stephens County.^[4]

The next county that US-81 serves is Grady County. The highway heads due north from the county line to the outskirts of Rush Springs, where its only business route continues north to serve the town. Mainline US-81 veers away to the west, bypassing Rush Springs. Along this bypass, the highway intersects SH-17. US-81 then reunites with its business loop as it leaves the Rush Springs area. The road runs just west of Agawam before coming to Ninnekah, where US-277 and SH-19 join US-81 in a concurrency. SH-19 splits away from US-81 further north in Ninnekah, while US-277 follows US-81 north into the city of Chickasha. On the south end of Chickasha, US-81/US-277 have an interchange with Interstate 44 (I-44), which at this point is following the H.E. Bailey Turnpike, a toll road serving southwestern Oklahoma. The two highways follow 4th Street north to downtown, where they split ways at Choctaw Avenue, which carries US-62 and SH-9; US-277 turns east along Choctaw, while US-81 turns west.^[6] US-81, accompanied by US-62 and SH-9, proceeds west, crossing over the Stillwater Central Railroad as well as Line Creek.^[3][4] On the west edge of Chickasha, US-81 splits away from US-62/SH-9, turning north as a two-lane highway. The route then crosses the Washita River and continues north through the incorporated town of Pocasset. Further north, in Minco, the highway begins a brief concurrency with SH-37. After one mile (1.6 km) following US-81, SH-37 splits away to the west, while SH-152 joins US-81 at the same intersection. The two highways then cross the Canadian River, the northern boundary of Grady County.^[4]

Upon landing on the north shore of the Canadian River, US-81 and SH-152 enter Canadian County. The first Canadian County town they encounter is Union City, where SH-152 turns east toward Oklahoma City. US-81 continues due north, passing from Union City into the Canadian County seat, El Reno, where it comes to an interchange with I-40/US-270. This is also the beginning of Interstate 40 Business, which proceeds north along US-81. The two routes serve as the western terminus of SH-66, the successor route to the celebrated US-66. US-81 and I-40 Business turn northwest, heading into downtown El Reno along Rock Island Boulevard. Downtown, the highways turn west along Wade Street before turning back to the north on Choctaw Avenue. I-40 Business turns west onto Sunset Drive, while US-81 continues due north along Choctaw out of town.^[6] As the highway continues north, it passes east of unincorporated Concho, and eleven miles (18 km) north of El Reno, the highway has an interchange with SH-3, forming the northwestern terminus of Oklahoma City's Northwest Expressway. SH-3 joins US-81, and the two highways head north into the town of Okarche.^[7]

Okarche straddles the Canadian–Kingfisher county line, and it is in Okarche that US-81 and SH-3 enter Kingfisher County.^[8] After passing through the town, the two routes take a northeastern tack. As they approach the southern limits of the county seat, Kingfisher, they curve back to a due north course. In Kingfisher, the two highways intersect SH-33; SH-3 splits away from US-81 to turn west along SH-33 toward Watonga. US-81 continues north alone. Approximately five miles (8.0 km) north of Kingfisher, the road turns east, returning to a northerly course after about one mile (1.6 km). The highway then crosses the Cimarron River.^[4] North of the river, the route runs along the west edge of Dover. It then continues north to Hennessey, where it intersects SH-51. From Hennessey, US-81 continues north into Garfield County.^[7]

The first town that US-81 serves in Garfield County is Bison, an unincorporated place; the first incorporated town in the county is Waukomis, twenty miles (32 km) north of Hennessey.^[7] From Waukomis, the highway proceeds north to Vance Air Force Base, which it passes just east of. The highway then enters the city of Enid, running along Van Buren Street. At its intersection with Owen K. Garriott Road, US-81 also intersects US-60 and US-412. While US-412 continues straight through the intersection, US-60 forms a concurrency with US-81. The two highways continue north, then curve northeast and begin following North 4th Street, which carries US-64, creating a three-route concurrency. US-60/US-64/US-81 head due north through the northern reaches of Enid, serving as the eastern terminus of SH-45. They then leave Enid and Garfield County.^[6]

The northernmost county US-81 serves in Oklahoma is Grant County. Still accompanied by US-60 and US-64, the route heads north from the county line for approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) before coming to a T intersection. Here, US-64 turns west, while US-81 turns east. After four miles (6.4 km), the highways come to the town of Pond Creek; here US-60 splits off toward Lamont, while US-81 heads north.^[7] US-81 crosses the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River north of Pond Creek, then turns northeast, bypassing the town of Jefferson to the north. The highway then comes to the town of Medford, county seat of Grant County. In Medford, the road intersects SH-11. From here, US-81 continues angling northeast across northern Grant County, passing the town of Renfrow, the northernmost town in Oklahoma along US-81. The route then exits the state of Oklahoma, passing into Sumner County, Kansas, heading north toward Caldwell.^[4]

History

US-81's immediate predecessor was the original State Highway 2.

Prior to the establishment of the U.S. Highway System, US-81's general corridor through Oklahoma was the site of the Chisholm Trail, a principal route used on cattle drives from Texas to stockyards in Kansas.^[9][10] With the introduction of the auto trails, this corridor was served by the Meridian Highway.^[11] When the Oklahoma numbered highway system was established in 1925, the route that would eventually become US-81 was designated as State Highway 2.^[12] The US-81 designation was applied the following year, on December 7, 1926.^[2]

SH-81A

State Highway 81A
Location:	Duncan, Oklahoma
Length:	0.71 mi[5] (1.14 km)

State Highway 81A is a short loop off of US-81 in the city of Duncan. This route is 0.71 miles (1.14 km) long. The highway begins at the intersection of US-81 and 13th Street, following 13th Street north to SH-7. SH-81A then turns east along SH-7 to 9th Street, where it turns north again. SH-81A forms the western terminus of SH-7A at Main Street. It then turns west along Main Street until it intersects US-81 again at 16th Street. This is the northern terminus of SH-81A.

Junction list

County	Location	mi[6]	km	Destinations	Notes
Red River		0.0	0.0	US 81 continues south into Texas
Jefferson	Ryan	10.3	16.6	SH-32	Western terminus of SH-32
	Waurika	20.2	32.5	US-70
Stephens	Comanche	35.2	56.6	SH-53
	Duncan	43.4	69.8	SH-81A	Southern terminus of SH-81A
		44.0	70.8	SH-7/Duncan Bypass	Southern terminus of SH-7 concurrency
		44.9	72.3	SH-81A	Northern terminus of SH-81A
	Duncan–Marlow line	51.2	82.4	SH-7	Northern terminus of SH-7 concurrency
	Marlow	55.1	88.7	SH-29	Western terminus of SH-29
Grady	Rush Springs	63.3	101.9	US-81 Bus.	Southern terminus of US-81 Bus.
		64.5	103.8	SH-17
		65.9	106.1	US-81 Bus.	Northern terminus of US-81 Bus.
	Ninnekah	76.8	123.6	US-277 / SH-19	Southern terminus of US-277/SH-19 concurrency
		79.7	128.3	SH-19	Northern terminus of SH-19 concurrency
	Chickasha	81.9	131.8	I‑44 / H.E. Bailey Turnpike	Interchange, I-44 exit 80
		83.8	134.9	US-62 / US-277 / SH-9	Northern terminus of US-277 concurrency, eastern terminus of US-62/SH-9 concurrency
		85.5	137.6	US-62 / SH-9	Western terminus of US-62/SH-9 concurrency
	Minco	103.3	166.2	SH-37	Southern terminus of SH-37 concurrency
		104.7	168.5	SH-37 / SH-152	Northern terminus of SH-37 concurrency, southern terminus of SH-152 concurrency
Canadian	Union City	109.0	175.4	SH-152	Northern terminus of SH-152 concurrency
	El Reno	116.6	187.6	I‑40 / I‑40 Bus.	Interchange, I-40 exit 125, southern terminus of I-40 Bus. (begins concurrent with US-81)
		117.1	188.5	SH-66	Western terminus of SH-66
		119.4	192.2	I‑40 Bus.	Northern terminus of I-40 Bus. concurrency
	​	130.6	210.2	SH-3	Southern terminus of SH-3 concurrency
Kingfisher	Kingfisher	143.0	230.1	SH-3 / SH-33	Northern terminus of SH-3 concurrency
	Hennessey	161.5	259.9	SH-51
Garfield	Enid	180.6	290.6	US-60 / US-412	Southern terminus of US-60 concurrency
		184.6	297.1	US-64	Southern terminus of US-64 concurrency
		186.0	299.3	SH-45	Eastern terminus of SH-45
Grant	​	200.0	321.9	US-64	Northern terminus of US-64 concurrency
	Pond Creek	204.1	328.5	US-60	Northern terminus of US-60 concurrency
	Medford	215.2	346.3	SH-11
Oklahoma–Kansas state line		230.0	370.1	US 81 continues north into Kansas
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus

References

1. Oklahoma Department of Transportation (November 15, 2002). "State Highway System: Log of U.S. Highway 81" (PDF). Retrieved January 14, 2013.
2. Oklahoma Department of Transportation. "Memorial Dedication and Revision History, US 81". Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
3. Official State Map (PDF) (Map) (2011–12 ed.). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
4. Oklahoma Atlas and Gazetteer (Map). 1:200,000. DeLorme. 2006.
5. Oklahoma Department of Transportation (2010-01-01). Control Section Maps: Stephens County (PDF) (Map) (2010–2011 ed.). Scale not given. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
6. Google (January 18, 2013). "U.S. Route 81 in Oklahoma" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
   Google (January 18, 2013). "U.S. Route 81 in Oklahoma" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
7. Official State Map (PDF) (Map) (2013–14 ed.). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
8. Oklahoma Department of Transportation (2010-01-01). Control Section Maps: Kingfisher County (PDF) (Map) (2010–2011 ed.). Scale not given. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
9. Swift, Linda (April 29, 2011). "Follow the Chisholm Trail in Oklahoma". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
10. Worcester, Donald E. "Chisholm Trail". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
11. Nebraska State Historical Society. "The Meridian Highway: From Canada to Mexico". Retrieved February 5, 2013.
12. Oklahoma State Highway System (PDF) (Map) (1925 ed.). Oklahoma State Highway Department. Retrieved February 8, 2013.

External links

Route map: Bing / Google

• US-81 at OKHighways